The document discusses how the media and internet have become commercialized, undermining the critical functions of the public sphere. It argues that media and political discourse are now aimed at influencing consumers and voters rather than rational debate. Politicians and issues are marketed like commodities. Advertising promotes consumerism and a consumer identity has become the model for political decision making. While the internet initially provided a space for dissenting voices, it too is becoming commercialized through advertising, paid content, and large companies seeking to influence debate and profit from user data and guidance services. The co-operative origins of the internet are clashing with its growing commercialization.
From Mass Media to the Networked Public SphereMsifry
Using the Cluetrain Manifesto and the Wealth of Networks, we discussed how networked media changes the relationship between ordinary people and powerful institutions.
Summary of social network services study - by Pienaar, Parnanen, MakelaFinNode
Presentation in seminar on Nov 9th 2007 in Helsinki, Finland. By Maria Pienaar and Riku Mäkelä. This presentation provides a summary of a study done by Tekes and Finpro with regards to trends within the Social Networking Space.
From Mass Media to the Networked Public SphereMsifry
Using the Cluetrain Manifesto and the Wealth of Networks, we discussed how networked media changes the relationship between ordinary people and powerful institutions.
Summary of social network services study - by Pienaar, Parnanen, MakelaFinNode
Presentation in seminar on Nov 9th 2007 in Helsinki, Finland. By Maria Pienaar and Riku Mäkelä. This presentation provides a summary of a study done by Tekes and Finpro with regards to trends within the Social Networking Space.
Social media is changing the
conversation. Twitter, Facebook,
LinkedIn, foursquare – we no longer
just communicate; we interact. In
the process, how can the wealth
of information being generated
by social media help us better
understand how our cities function
and create smarter cities in the process?
Dr. Alan Borning (University of Washington Computer Science professor emeritus), presents and leads a discussion on the true costs of "free" services such as Facebook, Twitter, Google, etc.
The sharing economy: How economic activity is shifting to, and being enhanced...Andrea Silvello
The term sharing economy is widely perceived as a synonym of “collaborative economy” or “on demand economy”, but it actually represents a very wide concept which lacks a common definition.
Rachel Botsman defines the collaborative economy as “a system that activates the untapped value of all kinds of assets through models and marketplaces that enable greater efficiency and access ”. The concept behind the sharing economy is indeed very simple: anything that is not being used can be rented out. This framework includes services such as renting, bartering, loaning, gifting, and swapping of underutilized material or immaterial possessions. These idle resources are useful to create an efficient circular system by reallocating or trading them with people who want or need them. Recycling, upcycling and sharing the lifecycle of products are common features of the sharing economy. “Waste” is the result of a misallocation of resources: today technology often allows us to easily correct that misallocation, by redistributing or trading a great variety of “sleeping” assets and resources (table 1). For instance, Uber and AirBnb platforms allow customers to share cars and homes, while TaskRabbit connects people with free time with people who need someone to perform small tasks.
The below slide show is a compendium to The Big Thaw. We pulled out the most thought-provoking information and implications for independent media, including:
* The four overarching questions that media orgs/journalists need to address in order to thrive in coming years.
* A breakdown of current industry changes, future realities and their implications for independent media.
* Graphs of journalism's old and new value chain.
* Four key recommendations for independent media outlets to explore as they plan for the future.
Learning to crowd-surf: Gov 2.0 and community engagementPatrick McCormick
what are the implications of social media, the Internet and new technologies for community engagement and how do traditional and new ways of engagement complement each other to create new opportunities through Gov 2.0 initiatives and co-production?
Influence of digitalization on community citizenship: A conceptual introspectionDEBOJYOTI DE
I have tried to make this write-up in simple terms that will give a wonderful picture how Digitalization has evolved over decades and how technological disruption and diffusion have made industries evolve. Further, the article is backed up with examples that would be understood by practitioners and academia. Any criticism and value addition will be welcomed. For any detail discussion, please feel free to drop me a message.
Social media is changing the
conversation. Twitter, Facebook,
LinkedIn, foursquare – we no longer
just communicate; we interact. In
the process, how can the wealth
of information being generated
by social media help us better
understand how our cities function
and create smarter cities in the process?
Dr. Alan Borning (University of Washington Computer Science professor emeritus), presents and leads a discussion on the true costs of "free" services such as Facebook, Twitter, Google, etc.
The sharing economy: How economic activity is shifting to, and being enhanced...Andrea Silvello
The term sharing economy is widely perceived as a synonym of “collaborative economy” or “on demand economy”, but it actually represents a very wide concept which lacks a common definition.
Rachel Botsman defines the collaborative economy as “a system that activates the untapped value of all kinds of assets through models and marketplaces that enable greater efficiency and access ”. The concept behind the sharing economy is indeed very simple: anything that is not being used can be rented out. This framework includes services such as renting, bartering, loaning, gifting, and swapping of underutilized material or immaterial possessions. These idle resources are useful to create an efficient circular system by reallocating or trading them with people who want or need them. Recycling, upcycling and sharing the lifecycle of products are common features of the sharing economy. “Waste” is the result of a misallocation of resources: today technology often allows us to easily correct that misallocation, by redistributing or trading a great variety of “sleeping” assets and resources (table 1). For instance, Uber and AirBnb platforms allow customers to share cars and homes, while TaskRabbit connects people with free time with people who need someone to perform small tasks.
The below slide show is a compendium to The Big Thaw. We pulled out the most thought-provoking information and implications for independent media, including:
* The four overarching questions that media orgs/journalists need to address in order to thrive in coming years.
* A breakdown of current industry changes, future realities and their implications for independent media.
* Graphs of journalism's old and new value chain.
* Four key recommendations for independent media outlets to explore as they plan for the future.
Learning to crowd-surf: Gov 2.0 and community engagementPatrick McCormick
what are the implications of social media, the Internet and new technologies for community engagement and how do traditional and new ways of engagement complement each other to create new opportunities through Gov 2.0 initiatives and co-production?
Influence of digitalization on community citizenship: A conceptual introspectionDEBOJYOTI DE
I have tried to make this write-up in simple terms that will give a wonderful picture how Digitalization has evolved over decades and how technological disruption and diffusion have made industries evolve. Further, the article is backed up with examples that would be understood by practitioners and academia. Any criticism and value addition will be welcomed. For any detail discussion, please feel free to drop me a message.
Join the conversation about what needs to happen to improve the education and the futures of homeless students, use the hashtag #UnseenStudents and download the partner and community social media guide.
Filosofi dan Hikmah Ibadah Haji
Manasik Haji Pertama - Jamaah Haji Annisa Travel 2016
Lokasi Manasik:
Ruang Mabrur Annisa Travel
Jl. Raya Lenteng Agung No. 8A Jakarta Selatan 12610
https://goo.gl/maps/et8e6chLm8p
ANNISA TRAVEL
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Apresentação do curso de Reflexologia Podal a realizar a partir do dia 06 de Junho em Campo de Ourique (Lisboa).
Sessões às quartas-feiras das 14 às 18h.
Duração total - 24 horas
Social media: Councils, citizens and service transformationIngrid Koehler
A discussion paper presented to the Local Government Delivery Council on how social media is changing the relationship between citizens and local public services, making the link between performance, insight and service transformation to achieve efficiency
Media Re:public @ MiT6 New Media, Civic MediaPersephone Miel
24 April 2009 Presentation on Media Re:public as part of Media in Transition 6 New Media, Civic Media (panel questions)
Jessica Clark, Center for Social Media (American University)
Ellen Hume, Center for Future Civic Media (MIT)
Persephone Miel, Media Re:public and Internews Network
Respondents: Dean Jansen, Participatory Culture Foundation
Jake Shapiro, Public Radio Exchange (PRX)
Moderator: Pat Aufderheide, American University
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License
Chapter 13
Politics and New Media
Objectives
To understand:
How the shift towards narrowcasting and digital media might change the nature of political participation
How online media are creating a new space and a new set of challenges for the conduct of political debate
How the shift towards a greater degree of social and political surveillance may alter the broader political landscape
How myths of the digital sublime shape our views of electronic democracy
How media and new media tools are central to advancing social and political economic change
Web 2.0 Structuration and the
End of Politics
Argument for democratic emancipatory potential of the Internet
In reality, there is a shrinking of a public sphere
Within the capitalist market economy, there is a contradiction between the formal equality of political participation and the inequalities of income and opportunity that define the relationships of the market
Web 2.0 Structuration and the
End of Politics, cont’d
Media’s relationship with political power—an unofficial watchdog role, acting as a series of checks and balances on those who exercise power
Political economy analysis suggests “democracy” is tolerated by big business as long as real control is off-limits to popular deliberation
Leaps in Logic?
An idealized view of the democratizing power of the Internet is a hopeful prediction; however, this requires leaps in logic:
Internet is no less susceptible to being manipulated by political parties and sectional interest groups than the current system
Issues under consideration in politics online are still determined by those in power positions and do not necessarily address key issues for a broader community
The control of sites by those who wish to promote their own interests will greatly diminish the credibility of the polling results within political circles
Leaps in Logic? cont’d
E-democracy
People make their own history, just not within conditions of their choosing
Structuration: structures may be formal (laws, policies, regulations), formalized (in institutions or organizations), or relatively informal (class, gender or race)
Degree of agency that one can exercise is dependent on these structures, but the human ability to exercise this agency means that they can be changed
New media are contemporary tools used in this process
The Internet as an Election Campaign Tool
Beginning of twenty-first century: politicians in Canada began to embrace the significance and power of using the Internet to reach constituents
The Internet has become an increasingly necessary tool
Cost efficiency
Relative lack of regulation control
Production simplicity
Swift narrowcasting via active interaction with the individual
New technologies in election campaigns are not always used to expand the voter base; sometimes they are used to suppress it
Online Politics and the
Reportorial Community
Digital media convergence is shifting the borders of the reportorial community
B ...
Social media refers to applications and websites – the collective of online communications channels – that enable people, companies, and other organizations to create and share content on social networking sites and blogs.
Similar to Bjmc i, met, unit-iii, media as a commodity (20)
Rai University provides high quality education for MSc, Law, Mechanical Engineering, BBA, MSc, Computer Science, Microbiology, Hospital Management, Health Management and IT Engineering.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
1. Media as a commodity
The idea that electronic networks are inherently democratic
without the specifics of the hard work that must be done to
harvest that democratising power, can become lead to what has
been called commodification of the media.
Social scientists at times make a distinction between the critical
functions of communicative processes and functions that aim
to influence the decision of consumers, voters and clients.
The critical functions are self-regulated and inclusive, while those
aiming to influence are implemented by organisations that aim
to promote purchasing power, loyalty or conformist behaviour.
These two functions compete with each other.
Public Sphere Sold to Consumers
Many scholars of communication see the public sphere as a
commodity that is sold to consumers, using manipulative
techniques and imagery to seduce them. Television in particular
has introduced flashy, phoney, often violent imagery to replace
reading, writing, and rational discourse.
Increasingly, aspects of advertising and public relations have
undermined the public sphere by pushing out “genuine
discourse with fake discourse”, leading to a radical deterioration
of the public sphere
Politicians are now sold as commodities, citizens are viewed as
consumers, and issues are decided with staged events and
quotes pre-worded by publicity specialists.
Politicians routinely spend large sums to improve their
appearance for television and advertising appearances,through
techniques such as image consultants, expensive wardrobes and
haircuts, facelifts, exercise regimes and the like, in much the
same way as actors and models do. They package themselves
more attractively for the electorate’s metaphorical supermarket
shelf.
Advertising Promotes Consumer Identity
Advertising in the public sphere encourage consumption and
promote “a consumerist subject position, which certainly
manifests itself in a general way in social subjectivity. ...The
commodification of everyday practices and social relations is
beyond dispute”
The consumer identity has become the accepted model for
political decision making. Discourse has degenerated into
publicity, which harnesses the power of electronic media’s
seductive imagery to affect society’s ideas and beliefs.
Internet Duplicates and Subverts
The Internet has the potential to both duplicate and subvert
this effect. It duplicates it in that the same advertising and
public relations are engaged with the Internet; and yet the
Internet still has room for many other dissenting voices, which
do not originate from commercial interests.
Many thousands of individual, non-commercial web sites,
weblogs, newsgroups and so on operate independent of
commercial considerations. While they flourish, there can be a
vital exchange of ideas that is outside the realm of
commodification.
2. Media Concentration
Women and servants often took a primary role in the literary
public sphere of the 17th and 18th centuries, but not in the
political public sphere.
Property owners:In the educated classes,men viewed the
political and literary spheres as identical with one another.
The critical issue is how the meaning of the term ‘public sphere’
is understood. When the public sphere is held to be that
dominated by public opinion of educated men of the political
public sphere, the public appeared as one and indivisible. There
is another view in which it is held that people held two roles:
privatised individuals who came together to form a public. The
role of property owners and the role of human beings are
separated.
This blurring of the category “human being” and “property
owner” was easier to make because most of the members of
the public sphere were both property owners and educated.
This was because a person’s education was a consequence of
social status - which was determined by the extent of his
property holdings.This allowed the freedom of the individual
to converge with the interests of property owners.
Today’s Media
This bears significant resemblance to today’s media, due to the
concentration of media ownership and the pressures of
providing editorial content suited to the higher socio-economic
groups advertisers favour.
Public Sphere no Longer Protected
Scholars argue that under the liberal model of the public sphere,
institutions of public rational-critical debate were protected
from interference by public authorities because they were in the
hands of private people.
During the last century, they have become commercialised and
concentrated economically, technologically and organisationally -
gradually becoming sites of power.
So although public institutions remain in private hands, their
critical functions are threatened
A public sphere dominated by the commercial media does not
allow access by everyone, nor does it allow rational-critical
debate. Instead,it acts as a focus for competing claims to power
over market share,political loyalty, votes. Internet in Many Hands
While the Internet remains in a large number of private hands,
its effects on democracy are more likely to remain positive than
if it were concentrated within fewer organisations.
Powerful, rich organisations may be able to control access to
virtual communities as they have been able to control other
media in the past.
The need for common technical and other standards also gives
large companies an advantage perhaps making it more likely that
concentration will increase.
These organisations are likely to operate in order to earn
revenue. And commercial journalism that dominates general
public discourse seeks a market, not a community changing the
nature of any debate significantly.
Internet as Profit Centre
3. The Internet can be seen as bringing people together in
alienation rather than solidarity. Individual users do not usually
see that people in a political and economic structure produce the
Internet.
In the rush to commercialise, the Internet created an investor
frenzy, that has abated since the “dot com” stock market crash
of 2000.
With the current explosion of numbers using Internet, pay-peruse
has already begun to be introduced to generate capital for
services - for example:
Salon ezine, which has introduced subscription fees
the Sydney Morning Herald newspaper online, which has
introduced fees for archival material numerous other sites which
have introduced various revenue models,
Their business models include:
Paid advertising
-per-use
The Internet also provides an ideal forum for public relations.
Many thousands of companies have already provided web sites
that are not intended to generate profit, but are intended to
generate brand loyalty, positive image and to collect demographic
and other information about the customer.
Information about Customers
As the user gathers information about the product, the
company can gather data about its customers, greatly enhancing
its ability to create public acceptance and to influence buying
behaviour.
Co-operation as a Profit Generator
The co-operative ideology of the Internet’s originators is
clashing with capitalism. Copyright violation is a serious issue.
Another obvious example is the clash between Napster and the
recording industry.
Napster
The Napster story is well documented elsewhere. In brief, the
story is as follows. The company’s purpose was to enable
individuals to swap music files with each other over the
Internet.
Set up in 1999, by February 2001, 60 million users were using
the service to do just that. The Recording Industry Association
of America took it to court, and won on copyright grounds.
Napster was forced to close its free service, and was eventually
bought out by Bertelsman, a major force in the music recording
world.
While Napster as a company has not prospered, the concept
behind it has burgeoned. Free file-sharing applications like
KaZaA and Gnutella have millions of users.
Threat or Boostfor Profits?
The main question for businesses who deal primarily in data,is
whether the culture of sharing on the Internet is a threat to
their profits or whether it can be harnessed as a highly lucrative
4. profit making concern:
The MP3 movement may have already had its day, but fileswapping
still continues in a quieter way. Will the record labels
eventually catch up to reality and offer a reasonable product that
customers won’t resist?
Or will the rogue file-swapping programs figure out some way
to license music and reimburse the artists that are still losing in
this equation?
Guidance as a Profit Generator
The Internet is complex and large, so users are keen to find
guidance (such as search engines, fast, reliable connections and
research tools). Large companies have the opportunity to fill
this need and the potential for profits.
Google
Google is an example of a company currently fulfilling this need
to its financial advantage,and also to the advantage of many
Internet users.
Such services also have the potential to influence public debate
through their immense reach.
Google, currently the most popular search engine, serves 150
million searches a day and Global unique users per month: 36.5
million (Google, 2002).
The sites it promotes to the top of its results are highly visible.
The potential for profits and an influence on discussion in the
public sphere are enormous.
References-
1. Baran and Davis; Mass Communication Theory; (2000); Thomas-Wadsworth
2. Fiske; Introduction to Communication Studies; (1982)
3. Infante, Rance and Womack; Building Communication Theory, 2nd edition; (1993);
4. Berger; Media Analysis Techniques