Birth Order Theory
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The document discusses theories on how birth order affects personality traits and life outcomes. Alfred Adler first proposed that birth order influences personality. Later theorists like Frank Sulloway analyzed traits associated with each birth order, like first borns being leaders and last borns more creative. Research also suggests birth order affects intelligence, with first borns scoring higher on IQ tests, and careers, with first borns more suited to management. Genetics are believed to also influence personality in addition to birth order effects from early family experiences. The theories remain widely debated regarding impacts.
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Alfred Adler developed Individual Psychology which focused on understanding personality from a holistic perspective. Key aspects of Adler's theory include:
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Alfred Adler was an Austrian medical doctor and psychotherapist who founded the school of individual psychology. Some key aspects of Adler's theory included his emphasis on social motives and feelings of inferiority driving people's behaviors, the importance of birth order and family dynamics in personality development, and his view that people's fictional future goals or "life style" guide their actions. Adler broke from Freud's psychoanalytic school by focusing more on conscious motivations and social interests rather than unconscious drives and sexuality. He saw dreams and early memories as ways to understand people's approaches to solving life problems.
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Bertrand Russell was a 1950 Nobel laureate in literature who made major contributions to analytic philosophy and symbolic logic. However, he also had significant personal flaws, cheating on multiple wives and possibly having an affair with his schizophrenic son's wife. Despite his personal shortcomings, Russell was also morally courageous, spending time in jail for his stances on issues like conscription and nuclear weapons. Overall, while Russell had character flaws as an individual, his work had a positive social impact and helped make the world a better place.
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Here are some potential strengths and weaknesses of the trait approach that could be discussed:
Strengths:
- Allows comparison across individuals
- Attempts to describe average behaviors
- Focuses on relatively stable characteristics
- Has led to identification of core personality dimensions
Weaknesses:
- May oversimplify human personality
- Does not fully capture within-person variability
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- Offers limited explanation of behavior
- Assumes traits are stable across situations
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Alfred Adler was an Austrian psychiatrist born in 1870 who initially collaborated with Freud but later developed his own approach called Individual Psychology. Some key aspects of Adler's theory included his emphasis on inferiority complexes, superiority complexes, and social interest. He saw early childhood experiences and birth order as influencing one's lifestyle and approach to life. Adler used techniques like analyzing first memories and dreams to understand people's psychological development and styles of living. Karen Horney challenged Freud's views by focusing on social and cultural influences on personality rather than biology. She described different neurotic trends of moving towards, against, or away from people as ways people adjust to basic anxiety. The goal of her therapy was to help clients develop a realistic self-
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Birth Order Theory
- 1. Max Serfaty
- 2. Definition “Birth order is defined as a person's rank by age among his or her siblings. Birth order is often believed to have a profound and lasting effect on psychological development.”
- 3. Variations of the Theory Alfred Adler (1870-1937) Suggested that birth order affects personality Talks about genetics Widely disputed
- 4. Frank J. Sulloway (1947-) Theory revolves around the ‘Big Five’ 6th added later, as theory progressed Depending on order, the traits are redistributed
- 5. Personality Order in Family Traits most likely Conclusion First Borns Leaders, responsible types, need to manage, need control, focus. Low risk takers that above all want to suceed. Second Borns/Middle Borns People people, compromisers, need to belong, peace- keepers Need people in order to succeed, and will go far to keep relationships intact. ‘Onlies’ Quiet achievers, finishers, work well, want recognition, secretive. Aim to please, mostly themselves by setting high bars. Youngests Idea people, creative, fun, impatient. Enjoy life, sometimes can be hedonistic, but impact everyone.
- 6. Robert Zajonc Intelligence 1st borns have higher IQ due to adult influences Intelligence depends on family size Younger children less smart due to many influences.
- 7. Careers Model of careers depending on Birth order: 1st borns: More suited for leadership roles, managements, administration, not business Middles: Perfect for business, stock markets, working in the field Youngests: Good with art, usually have lowest ranking jobs
- 8. Sexuality is greatly affected by the theory, due to genetics. Every 3rd male has a 95% of being homosexual, by product of evolution Women’s sexuality not affected
- 9. Genetics Play a part in intelligence and sexuality, as an instinct Personlity depends on genes of parents, as much as birth order Influences early on counter this theory
- 10. Sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_order http://ezinearticles.com/?Birth-Order---Understand-How-It-Affects- Your-Personality&id=45481 http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art22888.asp http://www.birthorders.com/theory.html http://hubpages.com/hub/The-Birth-Order-Theory http://watrd.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/wbirth_1029.jpg http://www.durbinhypnosis.com/images/adler%2025.jpg http://asset.zcache.com/assets/graphics/design/err/blank.gif