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Similar to Alfred Adler with example
Alfred Adler with example
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- 2. Alfred Adler • Brno:February 7, 1870 near Vienna • Third child in seven children • Apparent physical comfort, but miserably in childhood • Known for his efforts of outdoing his older brother • Received a medical degree in 1895 • Influenced by Marx's philosophy • Joined feuds group then decided to leave the group and formed "the society of individual psychology‖
- 3. Individual psychology • Focuseson uniqueness of each person • Denies universal biological drives and goals • We should see person as a whole rather than a part
- 4. • Feelings ofinferiority • Always present as motivating force in behavior • Source of all human striving • Growth results from compensation: attempts to overcome inferior feeling Inferiority Complex Inability to overcome inferiority feelings: helpless, poor self- opinion 3 sources Organic: physical deficits Spoiling: immediate gratification, little regard for needs of others Neglect: lack of love, security, develop feeling of worthlessness
- 5. • Striving forSuperiority • Ultimate goal in life • Drive to perfection • Not an attempted to be better than others • Fictional finalism: reach goals set in the future to be complete, whole potential and guide behavior Superior complex Overcompensate for feelings of inferiority Exaggerated and opinion of ones ability and accomplishments
- 6. Style of life •Expression of striving superiority to attain goals • Learned from early social interactions • Guiding frameworks for all later behaviors • how people live life, how they handle problems and interpersonal relation
- 7. Universal Problems andstyles of life dealing with problems • Problems: • Involving behavior towards others • Occupational • Relationship/love • Styles of life: • Dominant – little self-awareness • Getting- Expect to receive satisfactions from others, becomes dependent • Avoiding- avoids life problems • Socially useful- cooperates with others, shows social interests
- 8. Social interests • Innatepotential to cooperate with others to reach personal and societal goals • Individual must cooperate with and contribute to society to achieve goals • Babies and small children often show sympathy for others without having been taught to do so. • Being useful to others • lacking in social interest including neurotics, psychotics ,criminals ,drunkards ,problem, children ,perverts are SOCAIL FAILURES
- 9. Neurosis • All neurosisis a matter of insufficient social interest. • Three types: • Ruling type • Getting type • Avoiding type
- 10. The rulling type •From childhood, they are characterized by a tendenct to be rather aggressive and dominant ver others • The strength of their striving after personal power is so great that they tend to push over anything or anybody who gets in their way. • These are BUULLIES and SADIST
- 11. The getting type •They relatively passive: make little effort to solve their own problems • Instead, they rely on others to take care of them • Frequently use charm to persuade others to help them
- 12. The avoiding type •These have the lowest level of energy and only survive by essentially avoiding life • When pushed to the limits, they tend to become psychotic, retreating finally into their own personal words
- 13. Childhood • Like Freud,Adler saw personality or lifestyle s something established quite early in life • There were three basic childhood situations that most contribute to faulty lifestyle. 1. Feeling of inferiority: if someone's does not come along to draw their attention to others, these children will remain focused on themselves. 2. Pampering: many children are taught by the actions of others that they can take without giving. • They do not learn to do for themselves • They don’t know of dealing with others than giving of commands 3. neglect: the child who neglected or abused learns what the pampered child learns, but learns it in a far direct manner • They learn selfishness because they are taught to trust no one
- 14. Birth orders • Alderconsidered birth order, as another one of those heuristic ideas—useful fictions, that contribute to understanding people but must be not taken too seriously. • Adler must be credited as the first theorist to include the child's brothers and sisters as an early influence on the child
- 15. Only child • Familysituation • Birth is miracle • Parents have no previous experience • Retains 20% percent attention from the parents • Can be over protected and spoiled • Child’s Characteristic • Likes being the center of attraction • Often has difficulty sharing with siblings and peers • Prefers adult company and uses adult language
- 16. Oldest child • Familysituation • Dethroned by next child • Parents expectations are usually high • Often given responsibility and expected to set an example • Childs characteristics • May become authoritarian or strict • Feels power in his hand • Can become helpful; if encouraged
- 17. Second child • Familysituation • He is the peacemaker • There is always someone ahead • Childs characteristics • Is more competitive, wants to overtake older child • May become a rebel or try to outdo everyone • Competition can deteriorate into rivalry
- 18. Middle child • Familysituation • Is ―sandwiched‖ • May feel squeezed out of a position of privilege and significance • Childs Characteristics • May be even tempered, ―take it or leave it‖ attitude
- 19. Youngest child • Familysituation • Has many fathers and mothers • Never dethroned • Childs Characteristics • Wants to be bigger than others • May have huge plans that never work out • Frequently spoiled
- 20. Assessments: Early recollectionand dream analysis • Early recollection • Personality created in the first 4-5 years • Earliest memories reveals primary interests in life • Ex: attitudes towards achievements to future situations • Dream analysis • Reveals feelings about current problem and intended solutions • Oriented to present and future not past • Ex: school exams: unexpected situations