This presentation was given by Kalyani Raghunathan (International Food Policy Research Institute), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Cash transfers and intimate partner violence: Case studies from Ethiopia and ...IFPRI-PIM
Webinar organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and the Cash Transfer and Intimate Partner Violence Research Collaborative in support of the annual 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence campaign. More information and full recording available at https://bit.ly/3pOlJx0
Evaluating welfare and economic effects of raised fertilityGRAPE
American Economic Association Annual Meeting 2019.
Many countries consider rising fertility through pro-family policies as a solution to the fiscal pressure stemming from longevity. However, an increased number of births implies immediate private costs and only delayed public benefits of younger and larger population. We propose using an overlapping generations model with a rich family structure to quantify the effects of simulated increases to the birth rates. We analyze the overall macroeconomic and welfare effects of these simulated paths relative to status quo. We also study the distribution of these effects across cohorts and study the sensitivity of the final effects to the assumed target value and path of increased fertility. Since our study tries to quantify the possible effects of pro-natalistic policies, we focus of public costs and benefits of having children. We find that fiscal effects are positive, but short of the natalistic expenditures in many countries. The sign and the size of both welfare and fiscal effects depend on the patterns of increased fertility.
Cash Transfers and Women's Economic Inclusion - N. Pace at CSAE ConferenceThe Transfer Project
Pace, N. “Cash Transfers and Women’s Economic Inclusion Experimental evidence from Zambia.” CSAE Conference 2022, Economic Development in Africa. March 17, 2022.
Measuring employment and consumption in household surveys: Reflections from t...IFPRI-PIM
Webinar organized the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets, led by IFPRI, on July 13, 2021.
Presentations:
- Are we done yet? Response fatigue and rural livelihoods (Sylvan Herskowitz, Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Assessing response fatigue in phone survey: Experimental evidence on dietary diversity in Ethiopia (Kibrom Abay, Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Telescoping causes overstatement in recalled food consumption: Evidence from a survey experiment in Ethiopia (Kalle Hirvonen, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI)
Discussant: Andrew Dillon, Clinical Associate Professor of Development Economics within Kellogg's Public-Private Interface Initiative (KPPI); Director of Research Methods Cluster in the Global Poverty Research Lab, Northwestern University.
Moderator: Kate Ambler, Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
More info and full recording: https://bit.ly/2TrpaNF
Evaluating welfare and economic effects of raised fertilityGRAPE
Presentation during Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics Annual Congress 2018 in St.Gallen
In the context of the second demographic transition, many countries consider rising fertility through pro-family polices as a potentially viable solution to the fiscal pressure stemming from longevity. However, an increased number of births implies private and immediate costs, whereas the gains are not likely to surface until later and appear via internalizing the public benefits of younger and larger population. Hence, quantification of the net effects remains a challenge. We propose using an overlapping generations model with a rich family structure to quantify the effects of increased birth rates. We analyze the overall macroeconomic and welfare effects as well as the distribution of these effects across cohorts and study the sensitivity of the final effects to the assumed target value and path of increased fertility. We find that fiscal effects are positive but, even in the case of relatively large fertility increase, they are small. The sign and the size of both welfare and fiscal effects depend substantially on the patterns of increased fertility: if increased fertility occurs via lower childlessness, the fiscal effects are smaller and welfare effects are more likely to be negative than in the case of the intensive margin adjustments.
Pace, N. “Cash Transfers and Women’s Economic Inclusion Experimental evidence from Zambia.” CSAE Conference 2022, Economic Development in Africa. March 17, 2022.
Cash transfers and intimate partner violence: Case studies from Ethiopia and ...IFPRI-PIM
Webinar organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and the Cash Transfer and Intimate Partner Violence Research Collaborative in support of the annual 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence campaign. More information and full recording available at https://bit.ly/3pOlJx0
Evaluating welfare and economic effects of raised fertilityGRAPE
American Economic Association Annual Meeting 2019.
Many countries consider rising fertility through pro-family policies as a solution to the fiscal pressure stemming from longevity. However, an increased number of births implies immediate private costs and only delayed public benefits of younger and larger population. We propose using an overlapping generations model with a rich family structure to quantify the effects of simulated increases to the birth rates. We analyze the overall macroeconomic and welfare effects of these simulated paths relative to status quo. We also study the distribution of these effects across cohorts and study the sensitivity of the final effects to the assumed target value and path of increased fertility. Since our study tries to quantify the possible effects of pro-natalistic policies, we focus of public costs and benefits of having children. We find that fiscal effects are positive, but short of the natalistic expenditures in many countries. The sign and the size of both welfare and fiscal effects depend on the patterns of increased fertility.
Cash Transfers and Women's Economic Inclusion - N. Pace at CSAE ConferenceThe Transfer Project
Pace, N. “Cash Transfers and Women’s Economic Inclusion Experimental evidence from Zambia.” CSAE Conference 2022, Economic Development in Africa. March 17, 2022.
Measuring employment and consumption in household surveys: Reflections from t...IFPRI-PIM
Webinar organized the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets, led by IFPRI, on July 13, 2021.
Presentations:
- Are we done yet? Response fatigue and rural livelihoods (Sylvan Herskowitz, Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Assessing response fatigue in phone survey: Experimental evidence on dietary diversity in Ethiopia (Kibrom Abay, Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Telescoping causes overstatement in recalled food consumption: Evidence from a survey experiment in Ethiopia (Kalle Hirvonen, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI)
Discussant: Andrew Dillon, Clinical Associate Professor of Development Economics within Kellogg's Public-Private Interface Initiative (KPPI); Director of Research Methods Cluster in the Global Poverty Research Lab, Northwestern University.
Moderator: Kate Ambler, Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
More info and full recording: https://bit.ly/2TrpaNF
Evaluating welfare and economic effects of raised fertilityGRAPE
Presentation during Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics Annual Congress 2018 in St.Gallen
In the context of the second demographic transition, many countries consider rising fertility through pro-family polices as a potentially viable solution to the fiscal pressure stemming from longevity. However, an increased number of births implies private and immediate costs, whereas the gains are not likely to surface until later and appear via internalizing the public benefits of younger and larger population. Hence, quantification of the net effects remains a challenge. We propose using an overlapping generations model with a rich family structure to quantify the effects of increased birth rates. We analyze the overall macroeconomic and welfare effects as well as the distribution of these effects across cohorts and study the sensitivity of the final effects to the assumed target value and path of increased fertility. We find that fiscal effects are positive but, even in the case of relatively large fertility increase, they are small. The sign and the size of both welfare and fiscal effects depend substantially on the patterns of increased fertility: if increased fertility occurs via lower childlessness, the fiscal effects are smaller and welfare effects are more likely to be negative than in the case of the intensive margin adjustments.
Pace, N. “Cash Transfers and Women’s Economic Inclusion Experimental evidence from Zambia.” CSAE Conference 2022, Economic Development in Africa. March 17, 2022.
Aspirations and women's empowerment: Evidence from KyrgyzstanCGIAR
This presentation was given by Katrina Kosec (IFPRI/PIM), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
How do perceptions of relative poverty influence women's empowerment? Evidenc...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Katrina Kosec (International Food Policy Research Institute), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
The monster-in-law effect: Linking qualitative observations to quantitative a...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Audrey Pereira (International Food Policy Research Institute), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
The poll Time to care: generation generosity under pressure shows that grandparents have given a total of £8 billion in the past year to pay for a range of grandchildren’s needs, and that nearly two million grandparents have given up a job, reduced their hours or taken time off work to look after their grandchildren.
The poll Time to care: generation generosity under pressure shows that grandparents have given a total of £8 billion in the past year to pay for a range of grandchildren’s needs, and that nearly two million grandparents have given up a job, reduced their hours or taken time off work to look after their grandchildren.
Exploring the links between household time and food choices in GuatemalaCGIAR
This presentation was given by Jennifer Twyman (CIAT), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
Transforming gender relations through the market: The impact of smallholder d...ILRI
Poster prepared by Birhanu Megersa Lenjiso, Jeroen Smits and Ruerd Ruben for the ILRI-CTA African Dairy Value Chain Seminar, Nairobi, Kenya, 21-24 September 2014.
Impact of Mothers' Intellectual Human Capital and Long-Run Nutritional Status...BASIS AMA Innovation Lab
A presentation by Jere Behrman, Alexis Murphy, Agnes Quisumbing, and Kathryn Yount from the 2009 BASIS Conference on "Escaping Poverty Traps: Connecting the Chronically Poor to the Economic Growth Agenda."
Using system effects modelling to evaluate food safety impact and barriers in...ILRI
Poster by Kristina Roesel, Luke Craven, Chhay Ty, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Delia Grace at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 15 November 2018.
Gendered youth transitions to adulthood in the Drylands: Implications for tar...CGIAR
This presentation was given on 19 December 2019 by Esther Njuguna-Mungai (CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals), Ms. Katindi Sivi-Njonjo (GLDC Affiliated PhD student) and Dr. Eileen Bogweh Nchanji (International Center for Tropical Agriculture / CIAT) as part of the webinar ‘Gendered youth transitions to adulthood in the Drylands: Implications for targeting'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-youth-dryland/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Power through: A new concept in the empowerment discourseCGIAR
This presentation was given by Alessandra Galiè (ILRI) and Cathy Farnworth (independent) on 27 November 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Power through: A new concept in the empowerment discourse'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI).
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-power-through/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
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This presentation was given by Jennifer Twyman (CIAT), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
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Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
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Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
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Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
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Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
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Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
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Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
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Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
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Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
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Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
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Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
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Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
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Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
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Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
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Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
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The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
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In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
Rural transformation, empowerment, and agricultural linkages in Nepal
1. Rural transformation,
empowerment, and agricultural
linkages in Nepal
Kalyani Raghunathan, Kenda Cunningham, Agnes
Quisumbing and Cheryl Doss
Seeds of Change Conference
April 2-6, 2019
Canberra, Australia
2. Motivation
Nepal is experiencing rapid transformation, including high rates of outmigration
in search of work (~7.5% of the population is based abroad)
More than 95% of the time, the migrant is male
This has implications both for the migrant and for the members of the family
who are left behind
BUT we don’t know a lot about
o Household power dynamics among the women left behind in
intergenerationally extended households, and
o what this balance of power means for household-level investment behaviour.
Particularly important in a low-income, subsistence farming structure where
responsibilities are traditionally shared among all adult household members.
3. Research questions
We use data from Nepal to answer three research questions:
What are the factors associated with empowerment of women in the
household? In particular, to what extent and in what ways does household
composition affect empowerment among these women?
How is relative empowerment among these women associated with food
security and agriculture-related household investments?
Knowing about empowerment dynamics, what can we learn that could
improve ag-nutrition programming?
4. Data
Cross-sectional annual monitoring survey from Suaahara II, an at-scale integrated
nutrition intervention
The data was collected from June to September 2017 among a representative
sample of households with a child under five years.
The primary respondents were mothers of children <5 years of age from the
selected households.
The secondary respondents included:
o primary male household decision makers;
o grandmothers of child <5y residing in the household (almost exclusively mothers-in-
law).
The final survey sample included 3624 households.
5. Data (continued)
Household type (N=3624) Number
Respondent woman only 978
Respondent woman and grandmother 890
Respondent woman and man 1038
Respondent woman, man and grandmother 718
What’s unique about this data? Several empowerment-related modules were administered
to both the woman and the grandmother
“Agency-related”: Self-efficacy; attitudes regarding gender-based violence; freedom
of movement; time use
“Resource-related”: decision-making in household productive activities, access to
related information, asset ownership and group participation
We focus on those types of HHs where the mother and grandmother are both present
N=1608
HH Type I
HH Type II
6. Methods
Part I: investigate the association of mother and grandmother’s empowerment
in each domain with HH characteristics, including the type of HH (I/II)
Part II: investigate how empowerment is related to household level investments
o In each domain, construct grandmother-mother empowerment gap variables
as follows:
o aggregate these gaps into one composite score using equal weights for each
domain, and also divide them into two groups (agency and resource related)
o Look at the associations of the empowerment gap & level measures with
investment variables
7. Our outcomes: food security and agriculture variables
Household Food Insecurity Access Score (HFIAS) – ranges from 0-27, with
a higher score indicating greater food insecurity
HH has chickens (0/1)
HH has homestead garden (0/1)
Total number of crops grown
HH sells any crop (0/1)
Proportion of crops grown that are sold
9. Results I: Women’s empowerment by HH type
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Score on self-
efficacy (0-8)
Disagreement with
gender-based
violence (0-5)
Freedom of
movement (0-6)
Number of hours of
leisure in a day
Score on decision
making (0-8)
Access to
information on
household
production (0-8)
Ownership of assets
(0-17)
Group participation
(0-14)
HH type 1: mother (N=890) HH type 1: grandmother (N=813) HH type 2: mother (N=718) HH type 2: grandmother (N=644)
Note: HH type 1 is mother and grandmother only (no man), HH type 2 has mother, grandmother and an
adult male
10. Results I: Women’s empowerment by HH type
Not much difference by HH type; but differences between mother and grandmother
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Score on self-
efficacy (0-8)
Disagreement with
gender-based
violence (0-5)
Freedom of
movement (0-6)
Number of hours of
leisure in a day
Score on decision
making (0-8)
Access to
information on
household
production (0-8)
Ownership of assets
(0-17)
Group participation
(0-14)
HH type 1: mother (N=890) HH type 1: grandmother (N=813) HH type 2: mother (N=718) HH type 2: grandmother (N=644)
Set 2: Mother doing worse than
grandmother on resource-related
empowerment
Note: HH type 1 is mother and grandmother only (no man), HH type 2 has mother, grandmother and an
adult male
Set 1: Mother doing as well or
better than grandmother on
agency-related empowerment
11. Results I: Other correlates of empowerment
What other characteristics matter?
Agro-ecological zone
Women in the terai are distinctly less empowered than women in the hills (significantly so in
5/8 domains)
Women in the mountains are less empowered on freedom of movement and leisure, but
more in asset ownership compared to terai women
Caste
Brahmin women more empowered than non-Brahmin women on freedom of movement,
decision-making and access to information aspects
Other demographics
Maternal age and education positively associated with their own empowerment
But grandmothers’ age is negatively associated with their own resource-related
empowerment scores
12. Results II: Correlates of food security and agriculture
outcomes
Correlation of the food security and agriculture outcome variables with
empowerment gap and levels variables
o Overall empowerment gap, all 8 domains
o Empowerment gap for agency- and resource-related empowerment separately
The graphs to follow show the effect sizes for the mother’s empowerment
and relative empowerment variables for each model
Controls: HH type, ecological zone, caste, HH size, HH wealth, land ownership,
male years of education, negative and positive shocks, age and education of the
grandmother and mother and several HH demographic variables
13. Results II.A: Using the overall relative empowerment gap
Outcomes ranging from 0-1
Mother’s empowerment matters for all outcomes, and significantly so!
Even after we control for the level of mother’s empowerment, larger relative empowerment for the grandmother is
positively associated with some outcomes
14. Results II.A: Using the overall relative empowerment gap
Continuous outcomes
Larger relative empowerment for the grandmother is positively associated with improved HH food security
The level of mother’s empowerment does not matter for food security, but is very important for the total number of
crops grown
15. Results II.B: Grouped relative empowerment gaps
Effect sizes on the empowerment gap variables
HH HFIAS
score (0-27)
HH has
chickens
HH has
homestead
garden
Total number
of crops
grown
HH sold any
crops (1/0)
Propn of
crops sold
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
b/se b/se b/se b/se b/se b/se
Agency-related empowerment gap -0.18 0.01 -0.00 0.69*** 0.08*** 0.02**
(0.15) (0.03) (0.02) (0.19) (0.02) (0.01)
Resource-related empowerment gap -0.18 0.08*** 0.04*** -0.31 -0.03 -0.01
(0.13) (0.02) (0.01) (0.21) (0.02) (0.01)
Mother's agency-related emp score 0.08 -0.01 0.02 0.25** 0.04** 0.01*
(0.07) (0.01) (0.01) (0.10) (0.01) (0.01)
Mother's resource-related emp score -0.31** 0.26*** 0.10*** 0.99*** 0.10*** 0.03**
(0.14) (0.03) (0.02) (0.23) (0.02) (0.01)
16. We are in a migration session…so what about household
structure?
Surprisingly, having a man at home doesn’t really seem to change many
of the measured food security and agriculture outcomes measured
In fact, having a man at home is negatively associated with the total
number of crops.
oGreater specialization? Focus on large staple/cash crops? Shift
towards livestock production? Diversification into ag business? Need
to investigate!
Overall, the balance of power between the women in the HH seems more
important than the presence of the man!
17. Conclusion and further work
Women’s empowerment is important (continue focusing efforts on
mothers)…
…but don’t neglect the grandmother. She could be a hidden ally!
Next steps:
Look at empowerment among adolescent girls as well
Investigate cropping patterns and time use across HH type
Look also at how other ‘axes of oppression’, like caste, matter
Dig deeper into the program components to see which pieces of the
intervention are being improved and why
18. gender.cgiar.org
We would like to acknowledge all CGIAR Research Programs
and Centers for supporting the participation of their gender
scientists to the Seeds of Change conference.
Photo: Neil Palmer/IWMI
Editor's Notes
We programmatically cover 42 of 77 districts (all communities in those where we work) and the survey was in 16 randomly sampled districts among the 42. Also, we used multi-stage cluster sampling in the new federalist structure (district, municipality, ward, and then "old ward" and finally hhs after a complete listing.
Maternal self-efficacy much higher and number of hours of leisure lower
Maternal self-efficacy much higher and number of hours of leisure lower
Larger agency-related relative empowerment for the grandmother is positively associated with ag-production outcomes
But larger resource-related relative empowerment for the grandmother is positively associated with the HH having chickens, or a homestead garden
Different types of empowerment matter in different ways!