1. Table of Contents
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................1
History of Biometrics.............................................................................................................3
2 Background.............................................................................................................................4
Advantage & Disadvantage of Biometrics Technology ........................................................5
MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd...................................................................................................6
Comparison of Tradition & Biometrics Systems @ MSC.....................................................7
Working Mechanism of Finger Print System ........................................................................7
Biometrics Technology Overview .........................................................................................7
3 Analysis...................................................................................................................................8
Based on MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd...................................................................................8
Challenges in implementing Biometrics System for MSC....................................................8
MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd Benefits of Biometrics Technology .........................................8
Comparison with the traditional system ................................................................................9
Biometrics Solution Matrix for MSC Pvt Ltd......................................................................10
SWOT Analysis on MSC Biometrics Technology..............................................................13
PEST Analysis on MSC Biometrics Technology................................................................13
Benefits & Disadvantage of Finger Print System (Based on the MSC Staff Review) ........14
4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................15
Future of Biometrics ............................................................................................................15
References................................................................................................................................17
Appendix
Figure 1 Overview of Some Biometrics ....................................................................................1
Figure 2 Basic Criteria for Biometrics Security Systems (Rahultech, 2010) ............................2
Figure 3 Timeline of Biometrics (Shepard, 2007).....................................................................3
Figure 4 Types of Biometrics (Manivannan Padma, 2011).......................................................4
Figure 5 MSC Traditional Attendance System..........................................................................6
Figure 6 MSC Biometrics Attendance System ..........................................................................6
Figure 7 Typical Structure of Finger Print System....................................................................7
Figure 8 MSC Data Accuracy Graph.........................................................................................9
Figure 9 MSC Payroll Process Graph........................................................................................9
Figure 10 Biometrics Solution Matrix Overview ....................................................................11
Figure 11 MSC Biometrics Solution Matrix Result ................................................................12
Figure 12 MSC Finger Print System Benefits .........................................................................14
Figure 13 MSC Finger Print System Disadvantages ...............................................................14

2. 1
Figure 14 Future in Biometrics Market (Cannon & Cambier, 2011) ......................................16
Table 1 Advantage & Disadvantage of Biometrics Technology ...............................................5
Table 2 Comparison of Traditional & Biometrics System ........................................................7
Table 3 Biometrics Overview ....................................................................................................7
Table 4 Biometrics Comparison Table MSC Pvt Ltd................................................................8
Table 5 Biometrics Comparison MSC.......................................................................................9
Table 6 Swot Analysis MSC....................................................................................................13
Table 7 PEST Analysis MSC...................................................................................................13

3. 1
1 Introduction
From the beginning of the human culture, people are always trying to secure their
properties because some people are always eager to snatch others properties. Biometrics is
considered as a basic form of identification and access control in today’s 21 century computer
science (Bio=Pertaining to biology & Metric’s=Science and art of measurement). In other
word, it refers to the identification of human beings by their characteristics (both physical &
behavioural). Today’s modern computer society increasingly depends on the systems to
provide the secure environment & secure services to its people or the users. It became
paramount to ensure the security of a system through means to identify the validity of an
individual’s requesting access to it. This process is normally organized by extracting some
form of the information from the individual to check against information held by the system
about the original users.
Biometrics recognition is a key form of authentication which is increasingly used in a
wide range of application using advanced pattern recognition algorithms applied through
powerful information and communication technologies (ICT). It is also considered as an
automated method to accurately recognize individuals based on distinguishing physiological
and behavioural traits. It is a subset of the broader field of the science of human identification
(ITU, 2009). Technologies used in the biometrics simply include the recognition of the
human finger print, faces, eye lens or irises, voices and keystroke patterns as displayed in
figure 1.
The parts of the human body recognition used even since the dawn of mankind as a
means of interpersonal recognition and authentication. Face recognition has been used for a
long time since the human started using the passport for unique identification, the person
showing the passport and the real owner of the passport is verify by match the face of the
person with the photo in the passport. In 19960 the first automated biometrics recognition
applications came in effects but the companies did not take off due to its high cost, low
accuracy and lack of standards benchmarks for the quality.
(1) Fingerprint (2) Iris (3) DNA (4) Keystroke pattern
Figure 1 Overview of Some Biometrics

4. 2
The further the use of biometrics systems, issue of privacy as well as security will
need to be carefully addressed as the high levels of expectation in accuracy, reliability,
performance, adaptability etc. there are the seven basic criteria for biometrics security such as
uniqueness, universality, permanence, collectability, performance, acceptability and
circumvention (Schuckers, 2001).
Figure 2 Basic Criteria for Biometrics Security Systems (Rahultech, 2010)
Nowadays, biometric techniques are used mainly in security operations. For example,
they are used in prison visitor system, state benefit payment systems, border control, gold and
diamond minds and bank vaults. Clearly these are areas where security is an issue and fraud
is a threat. Recent world events have led to an increased interest in security that will propel
biometrics into mainstream use. Areas of future use include workstation and network access,
Internet transactions, telephone transactions and in travel and tourism (Joseph, 2001).
MindShare Pvt Ltd is a professional graphics, web, multimedia and advertising
company, launched in the year of 2008 at Kathmandu, the hub of developing Nepal, with
innovative visions in the technocratic arena. MSC are leading, next generation Technology
Company with strong business interest in web design, graphics design and advertisement.
Their spectrum of services includes web design, graphics design, internet marketing, print
and online media advertising.

5. 3
MSC vision and mission is an ambulation of their corporate philosophy and motto of
providing the next generation IT services. To envision, design and construct the most
magnificent web/graphics to contribute tangibly in overall success of their clients. Quality,
customer satisfaction, transparency and corporate business responsibility are the pillars of
their vision and mission. At MSC they believe when creativity, technology and marketing
combine through strategic planning incredible results are achievable. With the best interests
of their clients in mind, their actions are always focused on conversions and business growth.
History of Biometrics
Authentication is a fundamental component of human interaction with computers.
Traditional means of authentication, primarily passwords and personal identification numbers
(PINs), have until recently dominated computing, and are likely to remain for years to come.
However, stronger degrees of certainty that a user is who he or she claims to be are becoming
commonplace.
Figure 3 Timeline of Biometrics (Shepard, 2007)

6. 4
2 Background
Biometrics has long being touted as a powerful tool for solving identification and
authentication issues for immigration and customs, and computer security. It involves
measuring one or more unique physiological human characteristics – the shape of the body,
fingerprint, DNA, iris pattern etc. These technologies have enormous promise because they
can never be forgotten, lost or copied unlike the current methods of cards and passwords
verification. The potential market of biometrics technology grow rapidly in the world after
the 9/11attack on (Pentagon) USA by Al Qaeda. Likewise, the several Hollywood/
Bollywood films like (Charlie’s Angels, Total Recall and Mission Istanbul) etc. start using
the concept of biometrics.
Figure 4 Types of Biometrics (Manivannan Padma, 2011)
There are different types of biometrics: Some are ages old; others are new and
employ the latest technology. Technological improvement will surely refine older methods
and lead to the innovation of new ones. The most popular biometric technologies include
fingerprinting, hand geometry, signature verification, voice verification, retinal scanning, iris
scanning and facial recognition:
Fingerprinting: This is the most well-known non-invasive biometric technique. There are
several sub-methods within fingerprinting, with varying degrees of accuracy and precision.
Some can even detect when a live finger is present. This method has been refined over the
years. Training is an issue with this technique (Joseph, 2001).
Hand geometry: This method measures the physical aspects of the hand and fingers. It is
easy to use.
Voice Verification: A number of such products exist, although flaws exist with regards to
local acoustics. This method is still developing and will undoubtedly improve over time.
Signature verification: Widely accepted as a means of identification, which is promising in
its use as a biometric measure

7. 5
Retinal scanning: An accurate method, it does require the subject to look into a device and
focus on a specific location (Joseph, 2001). This will likely limit consumer acceptance. It is
currently considered a marginal biometric technology.
Iris scanning: Less intrusive than retinal scanning, this method is easier to use, and has great
potential as an identification device.
Facial recognition: Unobtrusive detection and verification are the strong points of this
technology.
Based on the above mentioned technologies we can find much more similar
technology working with the basic principal of the biometrics. According to the unfortunate
events of 11th
September,2001, the pattern of iris scanning is the best one to the recognition
process as compare to others because the possibility of having the same iris pattern is 1/1000
million and the population of earth is near 7 million that’s way the probability is at least 1
percentage. No systems can be 100% secure so biometrics can be a very useful for tackling
with the security concerns in 21st
century.
Advantage & Disadvantage of Biometrics Technology
Advantage Disadvantage
Unique biological features: Biological
features like fingerprint, iris etc. is very
effective in security. Hence it cannot easily
disguise.
False reading: A “false acceptance” or “false
rejection” kind of technical vulnerability
becomes a greatest disadvantage of
biometrics.
Time saving: Unlike other process biometrics
can identified or rejected a user in a couple of
second
Copying: These system can also scan the
duplicate copy of the original hence can be
controlled by others.
Reduce fraud: It cannot be shared reflects
complete security
Expensive: Only large business companies
can afford these system hence is not
economically friendly.
Accountability: An individual is responsible
to any event in the system and it cannot be
forged by others.
Unreliable: Technology like voice & iris
recognition can be failure in case of sickness
like eye problems, throat problems etc.
Table 1 Advantage & Disadvantage of Biometrics Technology

8. 6
MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd
Figure 5 MSC Traditional Attendance System
Figure 6 MSC Biometrics Attendance System

9. 7
Comparison of Tradition & Biometrics Systems @ MSC
Traditional Paper Based System
Advantages Disadvantage
MSC don’t have to worry about crashing
MSC systems.
MSC have to worry about too may paper and
staff to compile everything.
Biometrics Finger Print System
Advantage Disadvantage
It helps MSC for payrolls, employees
attendance
System might crash if not handle properly
Table 2 Comparison of Traditional & Biometrics System
Working Mechanism of Finger Print System
Figure 7 Typical Structure of Finger Print System
Biometrics Technology Overview
Uses of Biometrics (Main) Error of Biometrics Factors Affecting Biometrics
Technology
Medical/Forensic False Positive (Innocent people
are wrongly identified)
Skin Putty/Laser Eye
Surgery
Business/Educational False Negative
(Criminals/Terrorist evade
detection)
Mirrored Sunglasses/Poor
Lighting
Security Failure to Enrol (unable to read
the characteristic of persons for
various reasons)
Air & Weather Conditions
Table 3 Biometrics Overview

10. 8
3 Analysis
Based on MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd
Deploying biometrics to any organization requires a solid understanding of the
fundamentals of the technology, including why it is deployed, how it works, and how
performance and accuracy are measured. While leading biometrics with MSC Pvt Ltd the
following benefits are measured in the time interval of 3 years. MSC implemented the finger
print system within the organization to track down the staff evolvement in the organization.
Before implementing the finger print system the organization is based on the traditional
papers works to hold the record of the staff’s behaviour.
Finger Print System (Biometrics System in MSC)
Features:
1. Record Staff Attendance
2. Prepare Report
Cost: Rs 40,000
Challenges in implementing Biometrics System for MSC
First, MSC Pvt Ltd needs the database of the staff including the basic parameters like
staff ID, name, classification and address. Then they need to collect the finger print of each of
the staff and store them. They need a platform to store them, and then the attendance of the
staff like IN o OUT may contain thousands of records each day should store in the centralized
repository. They also need an application to read and process the biometrics data to prepare
the report.
MindShare Connect Pvt Ltd Benefits of Biometrics Technology
MSC Traditional Approach (Paper
Works)
MSC Modern Approach (Biometrics
System)
Poor Security Security Increased
Poor Accountability Accountability Increased
Low Convenience Convenience Increased
Table 4 Biometrics Comparison Table MSC Pvt Ltd
Using Biometrics technology MSC increased the three basic factors for the
organizational development. The increased awareness of the security issue in the company
has grown more pronounced. Using biometrics finger print to secure the computers provides
a high ratio of certainty as what staff accessed what computer at what time. This will directly
contribute the company to track the record of each staff and remark their performance.
Hence, the efficiency of the company increased. Likewise, traditional methods of
authentication like passwords is more likely to forgettable but the biometrics authentication
system remains stable with this condition. For any security reasons the newly implemented
system stay stronger because biometrics authentication process cannot be copied by others
staff or outsider so that the tracking process help in case of the fraud detection process.

11. 9
Comparison with the traditional system
During comparison phase in MSC, I compare the data provide by the company to that
of the data with the biometrics finger print system in terms of process effectiveness in
preparing the payroll. With the traditional system, it is more difficult to prepare the payroll at
the end of every month because the papers based traditional system requires more time and
effort. The exiting process doesn’t handle the fraud detection approach. But the biometrics
system simplifies the process and the accuracy of the data sectors is improved.
Process Effectiveness (For Payroll)
Traditional System (Paper Works) Biometrics Finger Print
System
Data Accuracy Low High
Payroll Process Slow Fast (Automated)
Fraud Detection Hard to measure Easy to track
Table 5 Biometrics Comparison MSC
Figure 8 MSC Data Accuracy Graph
Figure 9 MSC Payroll Process Graph

12. 10
From the above, information I conclude that MSC biometrics technology is scalable, cost
effective, efficient and easily manageable system.
1. Scalability: MSC can add any new staffs to the system without doing much
modification to the system.
2. Cost Effective: The cost is another important factor for the company because
calculating the payroll directly includes the time and effort of another staff in the
traditional approach but in biometrics system it is managed by the system itself
though the system implementation is costly.
3. Efficient: Staffs can view their attendance and the status of their leave. So, MSC can
generate the monthly payroll in ease. Also the staff efficiency in the work is strongly
increased.
Biometrics Solution Matrix for MSC Pvt Ltd
The biometrics solution matrix is a guide to deploying biometrics for specific
applications, designed to help deployer’s assess the nature of their specific authentication
problems. This solution defines the five matrixes such as urgency, scope, exclusivity,
effectiveness and receptiveness (Nanavati , Thieme, & Nanavati, 2002). (See Figure Below):

13. 11
Figure 10 Biometrics Solution Matrix Overview

14. 12
Figure 11 MSC Biometrics Solution Matrix Result
As shown in the figure (Generated accordingly with the help of the interview with Mr Mohan
Krishna Maharjan, Managing Director MSC Pvt Ltd) solution matrix, finger print biometrics
technology is a moderate solution for the physical access /time and attendance within the
company. The limiting factors are described below & they are calculating between (1 to 10
marks):
1. Scope (8/10): The strongest positive factors for finger print system growth are the
very broad range of potential use of the technology. The use of biometrics to control
movement into areas or to track the attendance is not niche market-there are
potentially countless applications for biometrics technology. Not only are the
potential locations for this solution innumerable, but the number of staffs who would
be enrolled in such systems is also very high.

15. 13
2. Receptiveness (7/10): These are almost invariably aimed at staffs, who are
moderately receptive to the introduction of the technology. Generally speaking this
system will view as time & attendance solution which increased the accountability but
receptiveness will decreased if solutions do not operate as easily and reliably as the
existing authentication methods.
3. Exclusivity (5/10): Biometrics Finger print system might be only solution to an
authentication problems or one of many potential solutions. They are stronger
solutions in applications in which they are the only viable alternative to an
authentication problem.
4. Urgency (6/10): An authentication problem may be deemed urgent as the result of
substantial risk to valuable data, assets, revenues or company safety. Less urgent
problems may direct less risk to these elements biometrics deployment become more
important to a company where the authentication problem they must solve urgent.
5. Effectiveness (6/10): When the biometrics system deployed correctly can solve the
problems through the verification and identification or through simple deterrence but
the situation in which neither of these approaches is effective.
SWOT Analysis on MSC Biometrics Technology
SWOT Analysis of MSC Biometrics Finger Print System
Strength
 Very Secure
 Uniqueness
 Ease of capture
Weakness
 Latent prints, cuts and dirt can mar
image
 Subject to spoofing attempts
Opportunities
 Law enforcement of company
database
Threats
 Data Accuracy
 Validity of machine accuracy
Table 6 Swot Analysis MSC
PEST Analysis on MSC Biometrics Technology
PEST Analysis of MSC Biometrics Finger Print System
Political
 Bureaucracy Influence
 Legal issues & regulations
 Philosophy or Ideology of political
party & the government in power
(Security Standard in Nepal)
Economic
 Business Confidence
 Insurance Claims
 Impact of taxation
Technology
 Ability to provide flexible and robust
solution
 Enforcing the new technology
 Data Transmission
 Internet based marketing
Social
 Society Attitude to privacy &
protection (Fear To Use)
 Environmental impact of security
products
 Ageing population
Table 7 PEST Analysis MSC

16. 14
Benefits & Disadvantage of Finger Print System (Based on the MSC Staff
Review)
Figure 12 MSC Finger Print System Benefits
Figure 13 MSC Finger Print System Disadvantages

17. 15
4 Conclusion
In conclusion, biometrics technology is a new technology for most of us because it
has only been implemented in public for the short period of time. There we can find much
more application working in the fields of biometrics technology which has many advantages
that can improve human lives such as improved security and effectiveness, reduced fraud and
password administrator costs, ease of use and makes live more comfortable. Though having
huge number of problems like information privacy, physical privacy and religious objectives
etc. but incorporate some meaningful advantages to the mankind (Nanavati , Thieme, &
Nanavati, 2002).
Although at present biometrics has limited mainstream usage, biometrics has found a
home in popular culture, specifically the movies. Movies have used biometrics in sci-fi or
adventure films, including such movies as Total Recall and Charlie’s Angels. Examples of
biometrics in movies include forged identities through high tech facemasks, voice disguise,
forged hands or fingerprints, even false retinal images through the use of contact lenses.
Whether the movies are prophetic in depicting how easily biometrics can be circumnavigated
remains to be seen. Without question, as with all security measures, there will always be
those who seek to evade detection.
Future of Biometrics
Criminal Identification (Today’s Trends Finger Print Search in the local, nation &
international databases) is the use of biometrics technology to identify the identity of the
suspect, detainee, or individuals in a law enforcement application. The primary role is to
identify the individuals in order to conduct the law enforcement (Nanavati , Thieme, &
Nanavati, 2002).
Growth in the criminal identification market will be driven by the advent of
inexpensive, functional solution that expands biometrics capabilities into new jurisdictions
and environment. Price is a major factor in criminal identification systems, since the live-scan
acquisition cost millions of dollars.
The advent of automated DNA solutions could have a tremendous impact on the
criminal identification market. Databases with criminal DNA sample were already being
populated and searched in USA. Not only is the population of these databases a basic
precondition for high scale searching based on DNA samples, but the efforts are under way to
streamline and automate the matching process.
Citizen Identification will be driven by various a situation in which strong
authentication of citizen is a necessity. Many countries like Nepal lack of verifying citizens.
The use of biometrics to provide government services because it provides benefits to both
government and the citizens is accepted to be the biometrics revenue growth. Citizen
Identification capable of carrying information such as Voters Registration, Issuance Cards,
and emergency medical information will also drive the use of biometrics citizen
identification.

18. 16
Surveillance is the use of biometrics to identify the identity of individuals present in
the given space at the point of time. Today’s trends biometrics surveillance system in mainly
functional in the casinos, traffic police sectors & as well as organization sectors like
education, banks, hotels etc. through the automated surveillance cameras. The two factors
may inhibit the surveillance system i.e. performance & privacy. Facial technology of
biometrics is not idealized for the use in the surveillance system application. The angle,
distance, lighting and temporal change introduced between initial image captured and
subsequent identification attempts reduce the accuracy. The following figures clarify the
glorious future of biometrics technology.
Figure 14 Future in Biometrics Market (Cannon & Cambier, 2011)

19. 17
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