This document defines biomaterials and discusses the various types used in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It begins by defining biomaterials and discussing their history. It then covers the main types of biomaterials used: metals (including stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium alloys, dental metals), ceramics (nonabsorbable, biodegradable, bioactive), polymers (such as PVC, polyethylene), composites, and biodegradable polymers. For each category, common materials are identified and their properties and uses are described.
Biomaterials are any substances used in medical devices and implants that interact with biological systems. They include metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. Biomaterials must be biocompatible and not elicit negative host tissue responses. Newer generations of biomaterials aim to regenerate tissues through cell-material interactions and tissue engineering approaches. The biomaterials field involves many disciplines working to develop safer and more effective materials for applications such as orthopedic and dental implants, vascular grafts, drug delivery devices, and more. Key challenges include replicating complex tissue structures in vitro and improving biocompatibility.
All About material selection for product design and developmentJayesh Sarode
This document helps to select a proper material while design any product. It contains a ashby chart how to use it as well as includes various material selection parameters.
Biomaterials are materials introduced into the body to replace or treat tissues or organs. They are classified based on the material used, such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. New advancements include using biopolymers for drug delivery systems, artificial tissue synthesis, and prosthetics. Biopolymers are biodegradable, biocompatible, and versatile. Research focuses on using nano-biomaterials and biopolymers, which have aesthetic, effective, and versatile properties. Future applications promise to improve health and quality of life. However, biomaterials research has just begun to tap its potential.
Different types of Nanolithography technique.
Types: Electron beam lithography, Photolithography, electron-beam writing, ion- lithography, X-ray lithography, and related images, concepts and graphical views.
I hope this presentation helpful for you.
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Piezoelectricity is the process where certain materials generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. Piezoelectric materials include crystals, ceramics, and biological materials. The piezoelectric effect is reversible and materials that exhibit the direct piezoelectric effect of generating charge from stress also exhibit the indirect or reverse piezoelectric effect of generating stress from an applied electric field. Common piezoelectric materials include quartz, ceramics like barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and polymers like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The properties of piezoelectric materials like density, piezoelectric constant, and elect
Mechanical tests of metals can be classified as either destructive or non-destructive. Destructive tests include tensile tests, used on ductile materials to measure strength and elongation; compression tests, used on brittle materials to measure reduction in length; and shear tests, which apply a pure shear force. Hardness tests include Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell tests, which measure the hardness of a material by pressing an indenter into a specimen. Impact tests like Izod and Charpy tests study a material's behavior under sudden load. Fatigue tests determine a material's ability to withstand repeated stresses. Creep tests apply a steady load to determine the stress at which a material will not break over infinite time
Biomaterials are any substances used in medical devices and implants that interact with biological systems. They include metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. Biomaterials must be biocompatible and not elicit negative host tissue responses. Newer generations of biomaterials aim to regenerate tissues through cell-material interactions and tissue engineering approaches. The biomaterials field involves many disciplines working to develop safer and more effective materials for applications such as orthopedic and dental implants, vascular grafts, drug delivery devices, and more. Key challenges include replicating complex tissue structures in vitro and improving biocompatibility.
All About material selection for product design and developmentJayesh Sarode
This document helps to select a proper material while design any product. It contains a ashby chart how to use it as well as includes various material selection parameters.
Biomaterials are materials introduced into the body to replace or treat tissues or organs. They are classified based on the material used, such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. New advancements include using biopolymers for drug delivery systems, artificial tissue synthesis, and prosthetics. Biopolymers are biodegradable, biocompatible, and versatile. Research focuses on using nano-biomaterials and biopolymers, which have aesthetic, effective, and versatile properties. Future applications promise to improve health and quality of life. However, biomaterials research has just begun to tap its potential.
Different types of Nanolithography technique.
Types: Electron beam lithography, Photolithography, electron-beam writing, ion- lithography, X-ray lithography, and related images, concepts and graphical views.
I hope this presentation helpful for you.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/preeti-choudhary-266414182/
https://www.instagram.com/chaudharypreeti1997/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013419194533
https://twitter.com/preetic27018281
Please like, share, comment and follow.
stay connected
If any query then contact:
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
Piezoelectricity is the process where certain materials generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. Piezoelectric materials include crystals, ceramics, and biological materials. The piezoelectric effect is reversible and materials that exhibit the direct piezoelectric effect of generating charge from stress also exhibit the indirect or reverse piezoelectric effect of generating stress from an applied electric field. Common piezoelectric materials include quartz, ceramics like barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and polymers like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The properties of piezoelectric materials like density, piezoelectric constant, and elect
Mechanical tests of metals can be classified as either destructive or non-destructive. Destructive tests include tensile tests, used on ductile materials to measure strength and elongation; compression tests, used on brittle materials to measure reduction in length; and shear tests, which apply a pure shear force. Hardness tests include Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell tests, which measure the hardness of a material by pressing an indenter into a specimen. Impact tests like Izod and Charpy tests study a material's behavior under sudden load. Fatigue tests determine a material's ability to withstand repeated stresses. Creep tests apply a steady load to determine the stress at which a material will not break over infinite time
This document discusses biomaterials, their uses, ideal properties, biocompatibility, corrosion, and types. It defines a biomaterial as any substance used to replace or augment body tissues or functions. Biomaterials are used for tissue replacement, healing assistance, and functional improvement. Ideal biomaterials are biologically inert, strong, easily sterilizable, and non-toxic. The document describes various organic, synthetic, and metallic biomaterials as well as their characteristics and applications.
This document is a term project on shape memory alloys (SMAs) by Suresh Daravath at South Dakota State University. It provides an outline and overview of SMAs, including their history, types, characteristics, properties, applications, and future potential. SMAs are smart materials that can return to their original shape after being deformed by heat. They have properties like superelasticity and allow large recoverable strains. Common applications of SMAs include use in aircraft, automobiles, robotics, civil structures, and medical devices like stents. The future of SMAs is promising as research continues on innovative applications in fields like engineering.
Electrical measurements and two probe methodBEENAT5
This document discusses electrical measurements and resistivity. It begins by defining electrical measurements and noting that resistivity measurements can be studied using different techniques. It then explains concepts like Ohm's law, resistance, and resistivity. Two common methods for measuring resistance are described: the two-probe method and four-probe method. The two-probe method is outlined, but it is noted to have issues with contact resistance and affecting intrinsic resistivity. The four-probe method is proposed to overcome the problems with the two-probe method.
Metals are crystalline, malleable and ductile and glasses are amorphous, transparent,and brittle
The combination of both properties of metal and glass is known as metallic glasses
Cermets are composite materials composed of ceramic and metal materials. They are designed to have the optimal properties of both ceramics, such as high temperature resistance and hardness, and metals, such as the ability to undergo plastic deformation. Common ceramics in cermets include tungsten carbide, molybdenum boride, and aluminum oxide, while common metals are iron, cobalt, nickel, and chromium. Cermets are used in manufacturing electronic components, spacecraft shielding, bioceramics, transportation brake and clutch materials, armor, and nuclear applications due to their high temperature resistance, hardness, plastic deformation ability, wear and corrosion resistance, strength, and thermal conductivity.
This document discusses different types of smart composites. It defines smart composites as materials composed of smart materials embedded in polymers, metals, or concrete to sense, control, and communicate. Smart materials can change properties in response to stimuli like temperature, pressure, or electric fields. Some examples of smart materials given are piezoelectric, shape memory, and pH sensitive polymers. The document then describes four general classifications of smart composites: 1) structural composites for sensing damage, 2) composites for actuation using shape memory materials, 3) novel functional composites like self-healing, and 4) nanocomposites enabling new functions. Examples of fiber optic and piezoelectric sensors in structural composites and
Biomaterials are materials that are used in medical devices and implants that are introduced into the human body. They must be biocompatible, meaning they are compatible with and accepted by the body, and must withstand the body's internal conditions like temperature, pH levels, and corrosive fluids. Common biomaterials include polymers like nylon and silicone, ceramics like aluminum oxide, and metals like titanium alloys. Examples of biomaterials in use include pacemakers which use titanium casings and polyurethane insulation, contact lenses made of soft hydrogel plastics, knee implants made of plastics and metals, and the latest artificial hearts which are made of titanium and special plastics.
One can get full description of metallic glasses which contains history, preparation methods, effects on metallic glasses, properties and application part is also there with diagrams, tables and graphs
This document provides an overview of composite materials, including their general properties, microstructure, classifications, processing methods, applications, trade names, and availability in Pakistan. It defines composite materials as mixtures of two or more constituents that differ in form and composition and are insoluble in each other. Key points include that composites have high strength to weight ratios and corrosion/wear resistance. They are classified by reinforcement type and size or matrix material. Processing methods include hand lay-up, filament winding, vacuum bagging, and pultrusion. Applications range from boats and tanks to housing and automotive armor. Several trade names and manufacturers are listed, along with availability of composites in Pakistan through various institutes and companies.
This document provides an overview of biomaterials, including their definition, history, examples of applications, and challenges. Key points include:
- Biomaterials are nonviable materials used in medical devices and intended to interact with biological systems. Examples include implants, prosthetics, and tissue scaffolds.
- Biomaterials have evolved from common materials like metals and plastics to more advanced engineered materials. Current research aims to more closely mimic natural tissues.
- Successful biomaterials must be biocompatible, non-toxic, and able to integrate with the body over the long term without rejection or harmful reactions. Matching mechanical properties to tissues is also important.
Synthesis and characterization of nanocompositessowmya sankaran
This document defines and discusses different types of nanocomposites. It begins by defining nanotechnology and some unique properties at the nanoscale. It then discusses different types of nanomaterials that can be used in nanocomposites like nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanorods. The document outlines three main types of nanocomposites - metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and polymer matrix - and provides examples and processing methods for each type. It concludes by discussing several applications of nanocomposites in areas like food packaging, environmental protection, aerospace, automotive, and batteries.
This document provides an overview of bioceramics. It discusses the history of bioceramics, general concepts including types (bioinert, bioactive, bioresorbable), advantages and disadvantages. The main types - alumina, glass ceramics, calcium phosphates, corals - are described. Applications include orthopedic and dental implants, bone grafts, fillers. Future directions include enhancing bioactivity, improving coatings, and developing smart biomimetic composites. Bioceramics have become integral to healthcare and their composition and properties will continue to be tailored for specific tissues.
Biomaterials and their interactions with biological systems were discussed. Historically, biomaterials consisted of common laboratory materials with little consideration of properties. Modern definitions characterize biomaterials as materials intended to interact with biological systems. An ideal biomaterial is inert, biocompatible, mechanically stable, and elicits an appropriate host response for a specific application. Surface properties and bulk properties were described as important for biomaterial performance and biocompatibility. Characterization techniques for analyzing biomaterial properties were also outlined.
Chemical Vapour Deposition is a Chemical Synthesis route of Nanomaterials. Specially thin films like Graphene and Carbon NanoTubes are grown by this method.
This document provides an introduction to biomedical materials. It defines biomaterials and distinguishes them from biological materials. Biomaterials must be biocompatible, have adequate mechanical performance for their application, be designed appropriately for their application area, and be reproducibly fabricated. The document then classifies common biomaterials such as metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. It provides examples of biomedical applications for each material type, including implants, scaffolds, stents, and more. Students are assigned to write a short presentation about a selected biomedical device, its application, materials used, and how material properties relate to the application.
Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties that are not found in nature. They derive their properties from their structure rather than composition. Depending on their structure, metamaterials can have a refractive index less than 1 or even negative refractive index. Left-handed materials have a negative refractive index. While natural materials cannot simultaneously exhibit negative permittivity and permeability, metamaterials can be designed with these properties. Potential applications of metamaterials include antennas, superlenses beyond the diffraction limit, cloaking devices, and modeling conditions of the big bang.
The document discusses polymeric biomaterials, including both natural and synthetic polymers. It describes commonly used natural polymers like collagen, chitosan, and alginate, which are biodegradable and can be processed into various formats. Synthetic polymers discussed include PVC, PMMA, PP, and PS. These have advantages of manufacturability but must be biocompatible. The document also covers polymerization processes and structural modification, as well as using surface modification like atomic oxygen treatment to increase hydrophilicity of polymers like polystyrene.
Synthesis & Heating Mechanisms of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Hyperthermia Trea...Nikita Gupta
This document summarizes research on synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles for use in hyperthermia cancer treatment. It discusses two samples of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation at different temperatures and concentrations. Characterization with XRD and VSM showed the samples had hexagonal structure and increasing magnetization with higher sintering temperature. In hyperthermia experiments, both samples saw increased temperature over time with applied alternating magnetic fields, with better results at higher frequencies above 500 kHz needed to effectively treat cancer.
This document is a project report on biomaterials submitted by three students - Satyam Singh, Sushil Kumar Singh, and Sanjay Sharma. It discusses various biomaterials used in medical applications like organs, bones, and dental implants. The report covers the desired properties of biomaterials, common types of biomaterials including metals, polymers, composites and ceramics. It then focuses on biomaterials used for bone replacements like stainless steel, titanium alloys, and cobalt-chromium alloys. The properties required for dental implants and biomaterials used for dental implants like titanium, cobalt-chromium alloys, and iron-chromium-nickel alloys are also discussed.
This document discusses different types of biomaterials used in medical applications. It begins by classifying biomaterials into bioinert, bioactive, and bioresorbable categories based on how tissue responds. It then discusses specific materials like stainless steel, titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and polymers. Metallic biomaterials like these are often used for implants and prosthetics due to their mechanical properties. The document also covers dental biomaterials including amalgam, gold, and their characteristics.
This document discusses biomaterials, their uses, ideal properties, biocompatibility, corrosion, and types. It defines a biomaterial as any substance used to replace or augment body tissues or functions. Biomaterials are used for tissue replacement, healing assistance, and functional improvement. Ideal biomaterials are biologically inert, strong, easily sterilizable, and non-toxic. The document describes various organic, synthetic, and metallic biomaterials as well as their characteristics and applications.
This document is a term project on shape memory alloys (SMAs) by Suresh Daravath at South Dakota State University. It provides an outline and overview of SMAs, including their history, types, characteristics, properties, applications, and future potential. SMAs are smart materials that can return to their original shape after being deformed by heat. They have properties like superelasticity and allow large recoverable strains. Common applications of SMAs include use in aircraft, automobiles, robotics, civil structures, and medical devices like stents. The future of SMAs is promising as research continues on innovative applications in fields like engineering.
Electrical measurements and two probe methodBEENAT5
This document discusses electrical measurements and resistivity. It begins by defining electrical measurements and noting that resistivity measurements can be studied using different techniques. It then explains concepts like Ohm's law, resistance, and resistivity. Two common methods for measuring resistance are described: the two-probe method and four-probe method. The two-probe method is outlined, but it is noted to have issues with contact resistance and affecting intrinsic resistivity. The four-probe method is proposed to overcome the problems with the two-probe method.
Metals are crystalline, malleable and ductile and glasses are amorphous, transparent,and brittle
The combination of both properties of metal and glass is known as metallic glasses
Cermets are composite materials composed of ceramic and metal materials. They are designed to have the optimal properties of both ceramics, such as high temperature resistance and hardness, and metals, such as the ability to undergo plastic deformation. Common ceramics in cermets include tungsten carbide, molybdenum boride, and aluminum oxide, while common metals are iron, cobalt, nickel, and chromium. Cermets are used in manufacturing electronic components, spacecraft shielding, bioceramics, transportation brake and clutch materials, armor, and nuclear applications due to their high temperature resistance, hardness, plastic deformation ability, wear and corrosion resistance, strength, and thermal conductivity.
This document discusses different types of smart composites. It defines smart composites as materials composed of smart materials embedded in polymers, metals, or concrete to sense, control, and communicate. Smart materials can change properties in response to stimuli like temperature, pressure, or electric fields. Some examples of smart materials given are piezoelectric, shape memory, and pH sensitive polymers. The document then describes four general classifications of smart composites: 1) structural composites for sensing damage, 2) composites for actuation using shape memory materials, 3) novel functional composites like self-healing, and 4) nanocomposites enabling new functions. Examples of fiber optic and piezoelectric sensors in structural composites and
Biomaterials are materials that are used in medical devices and implants that are introduced into the human body. They must be biocompatible, meaning they are compatible with and accepted by the body, and must withstand the body's internal conditions like temperature, pH levels, and corrosive fluids. Common biomaterials include polymers like nylon and silicone, ceramics like aluminum oxide, and metals like titanium alloys. Examples of biomaterials in use include pacemakers which use titanium casings and polyurethane insulation, contact lenses made of soft hydrogel plastics, knee implants made of plastics and metals, and the latest artificial hearts which are made of titanium and special plastics.
One can get full description of metallic glasses which contains history, preparation methods, effects on metallic glasses, properties and application part is also there with diagrams, tables and graphs
This document provides an overview of composite materials, including their general properties, microstructure, classifications, processing methods, applications, trade names, and availability in Pakistan. It defines composite materials as mixtures of two or more constituents that differ in form and composition and are insoluble in each other. Key points include that composites have high strength to weight ratios and corrosion/wear resistance. They are classified by reinforcement type and size or matrix material. Processing methods include hand lay-up, filament winding, vacuum bagging, and pultrusion. Applications range from boats and tanks to housing and automotive armor. Several trade names and manufacturers are listed, along with availability of composites in Pakistan through various institutes and companies.
This document provides an overview of biomaterials, including their definition, history, examples of applications, and challenges. Key points include:
- Biomaterials are nonviable materials used in medical devices and intended to interact with biological systems. Examples include implants, prosthetics, and tissue scaffolds.
- Biomaterials have evolved from common materials like metals and plastics to more advanced engineered materials. Current research aims to more closely mimic natural tissues.
- Successful biomaterials must be biocompatible, non-toxic, and able to integrate with the body over the long term without rejection or harmful reactions. Matching mechanical properties to tissues is also important.
Synthesis and characterization of nanocompositessowmya sankaran
This document defines and discusses different types of nanocomposites. It begins by defining nanotechnology and some unique properties at the nanoscale. It then discusses different types of nanomaterials that can be used in nanocomposites like nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanorods. The document outlines three main types of nanocomposites - metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and polymer matrix - and provides examples and processing methods for each type. It concludes by discussing several applications of nanocomposites in areas like food packaging, environmental protection, aerospace, automotive, and batteries.
This document provides an overview of bioceramics. It discusses the history of bioceramics, general concepts including types (bioinert, bioactive, bioresorbable), advantages and disadvantages. The main types - alumina, glass ceramics, calcium phosphates, corals - are described. Applications include orthopedic and dental implants, bone grafts, fillers. Future directions include enhancing bioactivity, improving coatings, and developing smart biomimetic composites. Bioceramics have become integral to healthcare and their composition and properties will continue to be tailored for specific tissues.
Biomaterials and their interactions with biological systems were discussed. Historically, biomaterials consisted of common laboratory materials with little consideration of properties. Modern definitions characterize biomaterials as materials intended to interact with biological systems. An ideal biomaterial is inert, biocompatible, mechanically stable, and elicits an appropriate host response for a specific application. Surface properties and bulk properties were described as important for biomaterial performance and biocompatibility. Characterization techniques for analyzing biomaterial properties were also outlined.
Chemical Vapour Deposition is a Chemical Synthesis route of Nanomaterials. Specially thin films like Graphene and Carbon NanoTubes are grown by this method.
This document provides an introduction to biomedical materials. It defines biomaterials and distinguishes them from biological materials. Biomaterials must be biocompatible, have adequate mechanical performance for their application, be designed appropriately for their application area, and be reproducibly fabricated. The document then classifies common biomaterials such as metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. It provides examples of biomedical applications for each material type, including implants, scaffolds, stents, and more. Students are assigned to write a short presentation about a selected biomedical device, its application, materials used, and how material properties relate to the application.
Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties that are not found in nature. They derive their properties from their structure rather than composition. Depending on their structure, metamaterials can have a refractive index less than 1 or even negative refractive index. Left-handed materials have a negative refractive index. While natural materials cannot simultaneously exhibit negative permittivity and permeability, metamaterials can be designed with these properties. Potential applications of metamaterials include antennas, superlenses beyond the diffraction limit, cloaking devices, and modeling conditions of the big bang.
The document discusses polymeric biomaterials, including both natural and synthetic polymers. It describes commonly used natural polymers like collagen, chitosan, and alginate, which are biodegradable and can be processed into various formats. Synthetic polymers discussed include PVC, PMMA, PP, and PS. These have advantages of manufacturability but must be biocompatible. The document also covers polymerization processes and structural modification, as well as using surface modification like atomic oxygen treatment to increase hydrophilicity of polymers like polystyrene.
Synthesis & Heating Mechanisms of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Hyperthermia Trea...Nikita Gupta
This document summarizes research on synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles for use in hyperthermia cancer treatment. It discusses two samples of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation at different temperatures and concentrations. Characterization with XRD and VSM showed the samples had hexagonal structure and increasing magnetization with higher sintering temperature. In hyperthermia experiments, both samples saw increased temperature over time with applied alternating magnetic fields, with better results at higher frequencies above 500 kHz needed to effectively treat cancer.
This document is a project report on biomaterials submitted by three students - Satyam Singh, Sushil Kumar Singh, and Sanjay Sharma. It discusses various biomaterials used in medical applications like organs, bones, and dental implants. The report covers the desired properties of biomaterials, common types of biomaterials including metals, polymers, composites and ceramics. It then focuses on biomaterials used for bone replacements like stainless steel, titanium alloys, and cobalt-chromium alloys. The properties required for dental implants and biomaterials used for dental implants like titanium, cobalt-chromium alloys, and iron-chromium-nickel alloys are also discussed.
This document discusses different types of biomaterials used in medical applications. It begins by classifying biomaterials into bioinert, bioactive, and bioresorbable categories based on how tissue responds. It then discusses specific materials like stainless steel, titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and polymers. Metallic biomaterials like these are often used for implants and prosthetics due to their mechanical properties. The document also covers dental biomaterials including amalgam, gold, and their characteristics.
Biomaterials in oral and maxillofacial surgery /oral surgery courses by ...Indian dental academy
This document provides information about a seminar on biomaterials in oral and maxillofacial surgery presented by Dr. M. Prudhvi Raj. It discusses the introduction and definitions of biomaterials, selection criteria for biomedical materials, and common classes of biomaterials including metals, polymers, and ceramics. Specifically, it describes commonly used metallic biomaterials such as stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium alloys; highlighting their compositions and properties.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of titanium, including its history, properties, uses in dentistry, and production. Some key points:
- Titanium was first identified as a metal in 1795 and has several advantageous properties for medical and dental uses, such as excellent corrosion resistance, flexibility matching bone, and biocompatibility.
- Commercially pure titanium and its alloys, especially Ti-6Al-4V, are commonly used for dental and orthopedic implants due to their strength and compatibility with human tissue.
- Titanium has a high strength-to-weight ratio, is non-magnetic, resistant to corrosion, and its modulus of elasticity is similar to bone, reducing stress shielding of
This document discusses materials used for hip bone replacements. Titanium carbide is highlighted as a promising material due to its mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and ability to osseointegrate with bone. Titanium carbide is synthesized from ilmenite ore and carbon powder then sintered with diamond powder to form a super hard ceramic. Its future potential lies in advanced orthopedic applications like joint replacements due to its strength, inertness, and direct bonding with bone at the nanoscale through osseointegration.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses biomaterials used in dental implants. It begins by introducing various biomaterial options for implants, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and natural materials. It then discusses the history of biomaterial development, starting with ancient attempts to replace teeth and progressing to modern materials like titanium. The document also covers important properties to consider when selecting and evaluating biomaterials, such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and how materials can be modified.
types of materials in dental implants , includes a brief history of dental implants
also watch for more
https://youtu.be/aaJ6gpQohcs
https://youtu.be/REMKSUty0cE
https://youtu.be/fv3_tWZPJIU
https://youtu.be/GeZIbCwqKYU
if you want me to make ppt on some topic do let me know on the comment section of my youtube channel
This document summarizes coatings that can provide anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties for hard tissue implants. It discusses oxide coatings produced through thermal oxidation, microarc oxidation, and oxygen ion implantation that improve hardness and corrosion/wear resistance by forming protective oxide layers. It also mentions sol-gel derived oxide films like SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 that enhance corrosion resistance when applied as coatings. The document aims to give a comprehensive review of functional coatings for improving metallic implant performance and longevity in hard tissue applications.
Titanium and titanium alloys/ /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
Titanium and titanium alloys /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
7.titanium and titanium alloys /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
History of biomaterials in dental implantology, various types of implant biomaterials, surface treatments of implants, guidelines for selecting implant biomaterial
This document summarizes research on laser surface modification of titanium alloy implants to improve corrosion resistance. The researcher aims to understand how microstructure changes from laser melting and heat treating impact corrosion. Limited funds allow studying three microstructures: as-received, laser melted, and laser heat treated. After corrosion testing without oxide layers, any microstructure showing better corrosion resistance would indicate the need for further research to identify the optimal microstructure. The goal is to use microstructure optimization to design higher quality titanium implants through laser processing techniques.
Titanium occurs naturally combined with other elements and was first discovered in 1791. It has a high strength-to-weight ratio and is resistant to corrosion, making it useful for aerospace and medical applications. Titanium can exist in alpha and beta phases with different crystal structures. Photochemical etching uses light and chemicals to dissolve titanium selectively and create patterns. ACE developed a safer non-HF etching process called TiME and has expanded their business due to its success.
Similar to Biomaterials in oral and maxillofacial surgery/rotary endodontic courses by indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
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1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
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Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
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skype:indiandentalacademy
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Biomaterials in oral and maxillofacial surgery/rotary endodontic courses by indian dental academy
1. Biomaterials In oral and maxillofacial surgery
Introduction :
Biomaterial is used to make devices to replace a part or a function of the body in
a safe, reliable, economic, and physiologically acceptable manner.
A variety of devices and materials presently used in the treatment of disease or
injury include such common place items as sutures, needles, catheters, plates,
tooth fillings, etc.
The use of biomaterials did not become practical until the advent of an aseptic
surgical technique developed by Dr. J. Lister in the 1860s. Earlier surgical
procedures, whether they involved biomaterials or not, were generally
unsuccessful as a result of infection. Problems of infection tend to be
exacerbated in the presence of biomaterials, since the implant can provide a
region inaccessible to the body’s immunologically competent cells. The earliest
successful implants, as well as a large fraction of modern ones, were in the
skeletal system.
2. Definitions of biomaterials :
1) A Biomaterial can be simply defined as a synthetic material used to
replace part of a living system or to function in intimate contact with living
tissue.
2) The Clemson University Advisory Board for Biomaterials has formally
defined a biomaterial to be “a systemically and pharmacologically inert
substance designed for implantation within or incorporation with living
systems.”
3) Black (1992) defined biomaterials as “a nonviable material used in a
medical device, intended to interact with biological systems”.
4) Bruck (1980) defined biomaterials as “materials of synthetic as well as of
natural origin in contact with tissue, blood, and biological fluids, and
intended for use for prosthetic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and storage
applications without adversely affecting the living organism and its
components”.
5) Williams (1987) defined the biomaterials as “any substance (other than
drugs) or combination of substances, synthetic or natural in origin, which
can be used for any period of time, as a whole or as a part of a system
which treats, augments, or replaces any tissue, organ, or function of the
body”.
3. Types of biomaterials :
I) Metallic biomaterials
Metals are used as biomaterials due to their excellent electrical and thermal
conductivity and mechanical properties. Since some electrons are independent in
metals, they can quickly transfer an electric charge and thermal energy. The
mobile free electrons act as the binding force to hold the positive metal ions
together. This attraction is strong, as evidenced by the closely packed atomic
arrangement resulting in high specific gravity and high melting points of most
metals. Since the metallic bond is essentially nondirectional, the position of the
metal ions can be altered without destroying the crystal structure resulting in a
plastically deformable solid.
The first metal alloy developed specifically for human use was the “vanadium
steel” which was used to manufacture bone fracture plates (Sherman plates) and
screws. Most metals such as iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni),
titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), and tungsten (W)
that were used to make alloys for manufacturing implants can only be tolerated
by the body in minute amounts. Sometimes those metallic elements, in naturally
occurring forms, are essential in red blood cell functions (Fe) or synthesis of a
vitamin B 12 (Co), but cannot be tolerated in large amounts in the body [Black,
1992].
1) Stainless Steel
2) CoCr Alloys
3) Ti Alloys
A) Pure Ti and Ti6Al4V
B) TiNi Alloys
4) Dental Metals
5) Other Metals
4. 1) Stainless steel :
The first stainless steel utilized for implant fabrication was the 18-8 (type 302 in
modern classification), which is stronger and more resistant to corrosion than the
vanadium steel.
Later 18-8s Mo stainless steel was introduced which contains a small percentage
of molybdenum to improve the corrosion resistance in chloride solution (salt
water). This alloy became known as type 316 stainless steel.
In the 1950s the carbon content of 316 stainless steel was reduced from 0.08 to a
maximum amount of 0.03% (all are weight percent unless specified) for better
corrosion resistance to chloride solution and to minimize the sensitization, and
hence became known as type 316L stainless steel.
The minimum effective concentration of chromium is 11% to impart corrosion
resistance in stainless steels. The chromium is a reactive element, but it and its
alloys can be passivated by 30% nitric acid to give excellent corrosion resistance.
The austenitic stainless steels, especially types 316 and 316L , are most widely
used for implant fabrication. These cannot be hardened by heat treatment but
can be hardened by cold-working. This group of stainless steels is nonmagnetic
and possesses better corrosion resistance than any others. The inclusion of
molybdenum enhances resistance to pitting corrosion in salt water.
Compositions of 316L Stainless Steel
(American Society for Testing and Materials)
Element Composition (%)
Carbon 0.03 max
Manganese 2.00 max
Phosphorus 0.03 max
Sulfur 0.03 max
5. Silicon 0.75 max
Chromium 17.00–20.00
Nickel 12.00–14.00
Molybdenum 2.00–4.00
2) Cobalt chromium ( Co Cr) alloys :
There are basically two types of cobalt-chromium alloys:
1) The castable CoCrMo alloy
2) The CoNiCrMo alloy which is usually Wrought by (hot) forging .
The castable CoCrMo alloy has been used for many decades in dentistry and,
relatively recently, in making artificial joints.
The wrought CoNiCrMo alloy is relatively new, now used for making the stems of
prosthesis for heavily loaded joints such as the knee and hip.
The ASTM lists four types of CoCr alloys which are recommended for surgical
implant applications:
1) cast CoCrMo alloy (F75)
2) wrought CoCrWNi alloy (F90)
3) wrought CoNiCrMo alloy (F562),
4) wrought CoNiCrMoWFe alloy (F563).
At the present time only two of the four alloys are used extensively in implant
fabrications, the castable CoCrMo and the wrought CoNiCrMo alloy.
The two basic elements of the CoCr alloys form a solid solution of up to 65% Co.
The molybdenum is added to produce finer grains which results in higher
6. strengths after casting or forging. The chromium enhances corrosion resistance
as well as solid solution strengthening of the alloy.
The CoNiCrMo alloy originally called MP35N (Standard Pressed Steel Co.) contains
approximately 35% Co and Ni each. The alloy is highly corrosion resistant to
seawater (containing chloride ions) under stress. However, there is a
considerable difficulty of cold working on this alloy, especially when making large
devices such as hip joint stems. Only hot-forging can be used to fabricate a large
implant with the alloy.
3) Titanium Alloys :
A) Pure Titanium and Ti6Al4V :
Titanium used for implant fabrication since 1930s.
Titanium’s lightness (4.5 g/cm3
) and good mechanochemical properties
are salient features for implant application.
There are four grades of unalloyed commercially pure (cp) titanium for surgical
implant applications.
The impurity contents separate them; oxygen, iron, and nitrogen should be
controlled carefully. Oxygen in particular has a great influence on the ductility
and strength.
The main alloying elements of the alloy are aluminum (5.5~6.5%) and vanadium
(3.5~4.5%).
Titanium is an allotropic material, which exists as a hexagonal close packed
structure up to 882°C and body-centered cubic structure above that
temperature. Titanium alloys can be strengthened and mechanical properties
varied by controlled composition and thermomechanical processing techniques.
The addition of alloying elements to titanium enables it to have a wide range of
properties:
7. (1) Aluminum tends to stabilize the alpha-phase, that is increase the
transformation temperature from alpha to beta -phase
(2) vanadium stabilizes the beta-phase by lowering the temperature of the
transformation from alpha to beta phase.
The alpha-alloy has a single-phase microstructure which promotes good
weldability. The stabilizing effect of the high aluminum content of these groups
of alloys makes excellent strength characteristics and oxidation resistance at high
temperature (300~600°C). These alloys cannot be heat treated for precipitation
hardening since they are single-phased.
The addition of controlled amounts of beta-stabilizers causes the higher strength
beta-phase to persist below the transformation temperature which results in the
two-phase system. The precipitates of beta-phase will appear by heat treatment
in the solid solution temperature and subsequent quenching, followed by aging
at a somewhat lower temperature.
The aging cycle causes the coherent precipitation of some fine alpha particles
from the metastable beta particles;
Imparting alpha structure may produce local strain field capable of absorbing
deformation energy. Cracks are stopped or deterred at the alpha particles, so
that the hardness is higher than for the solid solution.
The higher percentage of beta-stabilizing elements (13%V in Ti13V11Cr3Al alloy)
results in a microstructure that is substantially beta which can be strengthened
by heat treatment. Another Ti alloy (Ti13Nb13Zr) with 13% Nb and 13% Zr
showed martensite structure after being water quenched and aged, which
showed high corrosion resistance with low modulus (E = 79 MPa).
Formation of plates of martensite induces considerable elastic distortion in the
parent crystal structure and increases strength.
8. B) TiNi Alloys
The titanium–nickel alloys show unusual properties i.e., after it is deformed the
material can snap back to its previous shape following heating of the material. This
phenomenon is called shape memory effect (SME). The SME of TiNi alloy was
first observed by Buehler and Wiley at the U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory
[Buehler et al., 1963].
The equiatomic TiNi or NiTi alloy (Nitinol) exhibits an exceptional SME near
room temperature: if it is plastically deformed below the transformation
temperature, it reverts back to its original shape as the temperature is raised. The
SME can be generally related to a diffusionless martensitic phase transformation
which is also thermoelastic in nature, the thermoelasticity being attributed to the
ordering in the parent and martensitic phases [Wayman and Shimizu, 1972].
Another unusual property is the superelasticity. As can be seen, the stress does
not increase with increased strain after the initial elastic stress region and upon
release of the stress or strain the metal springs back to its original shape in
contrast to other metals such as stainless steel. The superlastic property is
utilized in orthodontic archwires since the conventional stainless steel wires are
too stiff and harsh for the tooth. In addition, the shape memory effect can also be
utilized.
Some possible applications of shape memory alloys are orthodontic dental
archwire, intracranial aneurysm clip, vena cava filters , contractile artificial
muscles for an artificial heart, vascular stent, catheter guide wire, and orthopedic
staple [Duerig et al., 1990]
4) Dental metals :
A. Dental amalgam
B. Gold and gold alloys
5) Other metals :
A. Tantalum
B. Platinum group metals (PGM) such as Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, and Os
9. II) CERAMIC BIOMATERIALS
1) Nonabsorbable or Relatively Bioinert Bioceramics
A. Pyrolitic carbon-coated devices
B. Dense and nonporous aluminum oxides
C. Porous aluminum oxides
D. Zirconia ceramics
E. Dense hydroxyapatites
2) Biodegradable or Resorbable Ceramics
A. Aluminum–calcium–phosphorous oxides
B. Glass fibers and their composites
C. Corals
D. Calcium sulfates, including plaster of Paris
E. Ferric–calcium–phosphorous oxides
F. Hydroxyapatites
G. Tricalcium phosphate
H. Zinc–calcium–phosphorous oxides
I. Zinc–sulfate–calcium–phosphorous oxides
3) Bioactive or Surface-Reactive Ceramics
A. Bioglass and Ceravital
B. Dense and nonporous glasses
C. Hydroxyapatite
III) Polymeric Biomaterials
1) Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
2) Polyethylene (PE)
3) Polypropylene (PP)
10. 4) Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA)
5) Polystyrene (PS)
6) Polyethylenterephthalate (PET)
7) Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
8) Polyurethane (PU)
9) Polyamide (nylon)
IV) Composite biomaterials
Some applications of composites in biomaterial applications are:
(1) dental filling composites
(2) reinforced methyl methacrylate bone cement and ultra-high-molecular-
weight polyethylene
(3) orthopedic implants with porous surfaces.
V) Biodegradable Polymeric Biomaterials
1) Glycolide/Lactide-Based Biodegradable Linear Aliphatic polyesters
A. Glycolide-Based Biodegradable Homopolymer Polyesters
B. Glycolide-Based Biodegradable Copolyesters Having Aliphatic
Polyester-Based Co-Monomers
C. Glycolide-Based Biodegradable Copolyesters with Non-Aliphatic Polyester-
Based Co-Monomers
D. Glycolide-Derived Biodegradable Polymers Having Ether Linkage
E. Lactide Biodegradable Homopolymers and Copolymers
2) Non-Glycolide/Lactide-Based Linear Aliphatic Polyesters
3) Non-Aliphatic Polyesters Type Biodegradable Polymers
A. Aliphatic and Aromatic Polycarbonates
B. Poly(alkylene oxalates) and Copolymers