The document discusses the major classes of biological molecules that are important for living things: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides and function for energy storage and structure. Lipids are nonpolar and include fatty acids, neutral fats, phospholipids, and steroids that function for energy storage, cell membrane structure, and vitamins/hormones. Proteins are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds and have diverse functions including enzymes, defense, transport, structure, and regulation.
the presentation is about the basic molecules of life including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, lipids and nucleic acid. these molecules paly a very key role in human body on daily base functions. if these are not taken properly the one may lead to various malfunctions.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
the presentation is about the basic molecules of life including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, lipids and nucleic acid. these molecules paly a very key role in human body on daily base functions. if these are not taken properly the one may lead to various malfunctions.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Intoduction
• The basic unit of life is a cells
• Most of our bodies are made up of water
• The cells are made of many different kinds of chemicals
• Chemicals or molecules present in the living organisms are
know Biomolecules
• Biomolecules are compounds of Carbon
• All molecules that contain carbon are called Organic
(except CO2)
• Carbon froms 4 covalent bonds. This allows carbpn to from
molecules with many different shapes
3. • The major classes of biological molecules that are important
for all living things are Carbohydrates, lipids, and protein
. Large biological molecules are called Macromolecules
6. Carbohydrates
• Compounds made of C, H and O
• Function used for energy storage and made Structure
• One gram of carbohydrate release 17KJ(kilojoules) of
energy
• We can test the presence of carbohydrate by adding
Benedict’s Solution (sugar) and iodine (Starch)
• The six Carbon sugar all have the same chemical formula
C6H12O6
12. Polysaccharide
• Polysaccharides are polymer of monosaccharides
• Polymers are long chain molecules with repeating subunits
• Amylose is an
unbranched chain
and is produced by
plants
• Amylopectin is
branched and also
produced by plants
• Glycogen is highly
branched and
produced by animal
13. Polysaccharide
• Starch is a polymer of α-glucose and readily digestible
• Cellulose is a polymer of β-glucose and indigestible
• Cellulose is a structural polysaccharides and used for the
construction of cell walls in plants
14. Polysaccharide
• Chitin is a polymer of β-
glucose molecules that
have a nitrogen
containing functional
group and also
indigestible
• It is used to build cell
walls in fungi and to build
exoskeletons in
arthropods
18. Lipids
• A chemically diverse class of organic molecules that are
grouped together because they are all largely non polar.
• They are soluble in organic solvent like chloroform,
benzene, acetone, paint thinner but insoluble in water
• Lipids have many function including
- Energing storage
- Cell membrane structure
- Vitamins
- Hormones
20. Fatty acids
• Long chains carbon molecules with many carbon-hydrogen
bonds and a carboxyl group (COOH) on one end
• They come in two varieties saturated and unsaturated
• Saturated fatty acids have no C=C bonds all carbons in the
chain are bonded to as many hydrogen's as possible
• Unsaturated fatty acids have some C=C bonds in the chain,
the carbon chain is not completely saturated with
hydrogen's
22. Neutral fats
• Neutral fats are molecules composed of glycerol (a sugar
alcohol)
• Neutral fats are used for long-term energy storage
• They have caloric value 9,5 Kcal/g
23. Phospholipids
• Structural lipids an integral part of cell membrane
• Structurally similar to triglycerides. One fatty acyd is
replaced by choline group
• The Cholins group has both N and P in its structure
25. Steroids or sterols
• Have a more complex structure than other lipids and a
greater diversity of function
• Cholesterol is an important part of cell membranes
• Hormones is other steroids
28. Proteins
• The most functional diverse class of biological molecules
• Proteins diversity is the basis of the diversity of life
• Proteins serve as enzyme, for defence, transport, support,
motion ,regulation and storage
• Proteins have a gross caloric value 5,7kcal/g but metabolism of
proteins crates toxic nitrogenous waste that must be
processed for excretion form body
• Proteins are necessary foodstuff for building new proteins
• The test for proteins is called Biuret test
• Proteins molecules are made of long chains of smaller
molecules joined an to end
• The smalles molecules are called amino acids
29.
30.
31. Proteins
• Proteins are polymers of amino acids joined through peptide
bonds
• A polymer of amino acids is called a polypeptide
