Bio-gas as a source of energy in rural India, an analysis taking a village as extension Laboratory.

1. Abhishek
Agarwal
IIT Kharagpur

2. Content
• Introduction of the project
• Field Survey
• Project Engineering
• Requirement (Technical Details)
• Cost Benefit Analysis
• Engineering Design

3. Introduction
Welcome to the ‘Biogas as a source of energy in rural India’ Report
The Understanding of rural need and complete study is based on village Balrampur, which served as
laboratory.
This report focuses on the Biogas in Balrampur and consists
• Detailed Data: A deep dive on Key Facts & analysis, Plan Layout, Production Procedure, Problems /
Unmet needs, Biogas Attribute Importance, Details of concept, Details of raw material, Machine and
Water Usage,Working Capital and Financial Feasibility analysis.

4. Programme Objectives &
Methodology
Sample Definition
• 50 Families who used at least once
firewood cooking yesterday
• Rural sample only
• Aged 18-65
• Hard quotas on age, region, social
grade and working status to reflect
the nationally representative profile
of people.
• Living Standard Measure used to
identify people.
• House selected on Ad-hoc basis
Field Work Period
August - October 2014

6. Global LSM Hierarchy of
Ownership
• Fax machine
• Docking station
• Home cinema/ theatre/ entertainment centre
• Still cameras: non-digital
• Video cameras
• Truck/ pick-up/ utility/ bakkie/tractor
• Two wheeled motorised vehicle
• Air conditioning
• Electronic home security system
LSM 19 45
LSM 7-9
LSM 1-3
Avg. no of
Durables
Owned
(out of 51)
House, Water & Electricity
LSM 13-15
• Municipal water
supply to taps
inside
• Electricity
• Tumble dryer
• Dishwashing
machine
• Electric Mixer
• Central heating
• Microwave oven
• Fridge Freezer
• Vacuum cleaner
• Electric Kettle
• Gas supply (piped
directly into home)
• Washing machine
• Cooker
• Electric fan
• Refrigerator
• Pressure cooker
• DVD recorder
• Electronic car navigation system
• Radio clocks
• Laptop
• MP3 player/ ipod
• Mobile phone with email
• LCD/Plasma
• Gaming console
• Hi-fi stereo
• Video player
• Stand alone radios
• PC/desktop computers
• Still cameras digital
• Personal CD/ cassette player
• Telephone
• DVD Player
• Mobile Phones/ car phones
• Electric iron • TV (Colour)
• Motor car
• Bicycle/manual cycle rickshaw
Home Convenience Entertainment & Communication Mobility
32
23
16
11
8
4
1
• Electric deep fat fryer
• Separate deep freezer
• Water filtering device
• Portable air conditioner
• Water purification device

7. Options Vs.
Factors
Safety
Volatility in
global prices
Supply
Consistency
Affordability
Sustainability
Score
Import of O&G 10
Wood 13
Nuclear Power 13
LPG Sources 14
Domestic Biogas
Production
18
Energy Security
Energy is a
lifeline
Sudden
increase in
Global Prices
Supply
Consistency
E&P Policy
Objectives
Energy
Security
Energy
Access
Climate
Change
“We need to graduate from energy security to energy independence”
Energy
Security
Three Factors defines
Energy Security which
in-turn affect the E&P
Policy Objectives
• Equal weightages has been given
to all the criteria of selection
• Continuous use of firewood found
to be least sustainable in long run
• LPG lags behind in safety during
production and usage
• Renewable source supply are
consistent and affordable
• Domestic Production is a clear
cut winner with the highest
score
- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Energy Matrix : Options available
Vs. Criteria of Selections

8. Process
Engineerin
g
Process engineering focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimization
of chemical, physical, and biological processes
Process engineering of Bio gas plant
incorporates five major aspects
Process
Engineering
Preliminary
Information
Production
Program
year wise
Operational
and
Maintenance
Machineries
Details of
Raw materials
Preliminary
Information
Finance
sources
Biogas Development and
Training Centers (BDTCs)
Private Entrepreneurs
NGOs
Bank loans
 Specialized government agencies which already
involved in the biogas program have adequate capacity
to develop projects based on carbon credit financing
 Financial help from banks can be avail by taking loans
for biogas plants which are covered under ‘priority
lending’ schemes of the Government

9. Preliminary
Information
Finance
sources
Clearance
Clearance from various Govt. agencies along with
registration and NOC from various organizations need to
sanctioned prior to establishment of plant
Various
agencies and
organizations
NOC
Panchayat
Municipality
clearance
Land clearance
State Govt.
Registration
IT Board
ST Board
Pollution Board
Environmental clearance process in India
Site Selection
Conduct EIA
Apply for NOC
SPCB arrange for Public Hearing
Project Proponent apply for Environment clearance,
submitting required documents [ EIA report, NOC from
SPCB, etc.]
Review by Environmental Appraisal Committee
Change suggested Accepted Rejected

10. Operation
and
maintenan
ce
Transport of
Raw materials
Raw materials
Fermenter
Biogas
Generation
Distribution
of Biogas
Manure and
dung
Foodstuff
remnants, fats
or sludge
Renewable
resources corn,
beets or grass
• Distribution and supply of biogas can be done best by
opening a fueling center where people can come on
regular basis and refill their cylinders
• For maintenance plant need to be shutdown at regular
duration in a year, proper cleaning and equipment
checkup should be done by engineers form outside this
all will insure higher operating efficiency in long run
Operating and maintenance staff can de recruited
from rural only (utilizing human resources) and their
briefing and training can be done from experts until
they are self sufficient in operating and maintaining
plant

11. DESIGN PARAMETERS
Total Population of the Balarampur village 30000
No. of persons in every Household 4
Total No. of Households 7500
Ratio of Household to Cattle 2:1
Total No. of Cattle 3750
Estimated Dung production per Cattle 4.5 kg/head/day
Amount of manure produced daily 16875 kg/day
Actual weight of slurry recoverable 10125 kg/day
Instead of installing a big plant, we can install plants of size around 6 m3
Volume of biogas produced by a 6m3 digester 3.5 m3/day
Calorific Value of Biogas 20 MJ/m3
Joules available per household per day 0.07 MJ/m3

12. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF BIO
GAS PLANT
Daily requirement of firewood per Household 2.5 Kg / day / Household
Cost of Firewood INR 1.3 / kg
Total Cost of Firewood purchased INR 3.25 / day / Household
Construction of the plant Wage and Material cost Redemption and Interest

13. Certain assumptions regarding the cost analysis of bio gas plant:
 Operating costs and maintenance cost (Monthly)
• Staff cost for Fault diagnosis, regular check, training on biogas technology
• Costs for maintenance materials and change of spare parts
For example, a reasonably conservative estimate for maintenance costs would be 5-10 percent of the investment cost.
 Labour costs are also difficult to calculate in the case of household units since the normal operation of the biogas system is
undertaken by the family members themselves.
 Technical services is another difficult item to estimate. Generally, this cost is borne by the government, and as such would be
accounted for in the social cost-benefit analysis. This would be around 5-7 percent of the investment cost as the extension expense.
Material INR 16398.75
Labour INR 10928.66
Monthly Maintenance Cost INR 1639.87
Technical Services INR 1147.92
Total INR 29485.20
For a 6.5 m3 digester
Biogas Plant
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF BIO
GAS PLANT

14. WHY BIOGAS PLANT ?
Biogas
Plant
Village Co-operative
Beneficiary Villager
: Health, Time,
Money, Convenience
:
Revenue
Village : Cleanliness
& Hygiene,
Employment
generation
Environment :
Clean fuel, Proper
Waste disposal