Before 1990 Infectious diseases were a major source of illness and impacted life expectancy. Now life expectancy has increased by 50% since 1990 and will put demand on Sydney’s health system. Currently we are ranked 32 on the World Health Organization ranking system and only have 2.7 public hospital beds per 1000 people.
Elderly age group needs special mention and special care always because that is the phase of a transition from a healthy , financially stable human being to a person who along with the physiology is also at a loss of emotional well being, mental well being, financial well being and spiritual well being..It is this time that he needs the aid and presence of a society which can think and act on his behalf.
Elderly care-in-india-changing-perspectivesSANJAY SIR
it is uploaded to create awareness regarding importance of elderly care & changing perspectives about it . It helps paramedics & nursing educator to teach their students about it.
Elderly age group needs special mention and special care always because that is the phase of a transition from a healthy , financially stable human being to a person who along with the physiology is also at a loss of emotional well being, mental well being, financial well being and spiritual well being..It is this time that he needs the aid and presence of a society which can think and act on his behalf.
Elderly care-in-india-changing-perspectivesSANJAY SIR
it is uploaded to create awareness regarding importance of elderly care & changing perspectives about it . It helps paramedics & nursing educator to teach their students about it.
a presentation containing brief information of governmental policy in India for elderly and is reliable for first year, second year and third year students of bachelors of social work.
Covers the following topics
* Meaning,Implication and causes of Ageing
*Demographic trends in India
*Emerging and Present Scenario
*Major Issues and Challenges Posed by Ageing
*National Policies and Pension Scheme
*Recommendations
Coined in the 1980’s, the VUCA acronym has been an
apt summary of recent decades (Volatility, Uncertainty,
Complexity and Ambiguity). In 2018 at the World Economic
Forum, the Prime Minister of Canada highlighted the
increasing acceleration of the trends with his statement: “The
pace of change has never been this fast, yet it will never be
this slow again”. Yet all of this was before the global COVID-19
pandemic further disrupted and transformed our times.
In such times, analysis of the trends and regular scans of
the horizon is essential to thrive amidst the transformations.
The primary characteristic of a leader, which enables the
important strengths of vision and decisiveness, is foresight.
The reason they can lead is that, having understood the
trends, they are able to see things not just as they are, but as
they will be.
At McCrindle we exist to empower human flourishing by
equipping leaders with research-based insight. Indeed
the leader with the honed characteristic of foresight, and
equipped with evidence-based insight is able to do more than
just see the future, they take up the great responsibility to
shape it.
We trust this report will help you understand the times,
prepare you for the emerging megatrends, and equip you to
lead and grow your team, community and organisation with
both humility and confidence.
a presentation containing brief information of governmental policy in India for elderly and is reliable for first year, second year and third year students of bachelors of social work.
Covers the following topics
* Meaning,Implication and causes of Ageing
*Demographic trends in India
*Emerging and Present Scenario
*Major Issues and Challenges Posed by Ageing
*National Policies and Pension Scheme
*Recommendations
Coined in the 1980’s, the VUCA acronym has been an
apt summary of recent decades (Volatility, Uncertainty,
Complexity and Ambiguity). In 2018 at the World Economic
Forum, the Prime Minister of Canada highlighted the
increasing acceleration of the trends with his statement: “The
pace of change has never been this fast, yet it will never be
this slow again”. Yet all of this was before the global COVID-19
pandemic further disrupted and transformed our times.
In such times, analysis of the trends and regular scans of
the horizon is essential to thrive amidst the transformations.
The primary characteristic of a leader, which enables the
important strengths of vision and decisiveness, is foresight.
The reason they can lead is that, having understood the
trends, they are able to see things not just as they are, but as
they will be.
At McCrindle we exist to empower human flourishing by
equipping leaders with research-based insight. Indeed
the leader with the honed characteristic of foresight, and
equipped with evidence-based insight is able to do more than
just see the future, they take up the great responsibility to
shape it.
We trust this report will help you understand the times,
prepare you for the emerging megatrends, and equip you to
lead and grow your team, community and organisation with
both humility and confidence.
Sydneys Health infrastructure | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
Australia has the 2nd longest living people on the earth at 82.2 years, with low death rates for cancer, heart disease, and stroke. In the future global warming impacts such bush fire, heat waves droughts and will create increased strain on our emergency services.
King Holmes, MD, PhD: Present and Future Challenges in Global Public HealthUWGlobalHealth
King Holmes, MD, PhD: Present and Future Challenges in Global Public Health, Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Sept. 12, 2009.
The local government or council can’t afford to manage the waste management as efficient as today OR Council can’t pay the levy on your behalf anymore OR There is no one to collect our waste weekly anymore.
Transport Issues in Adelaide | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
By Encourage People use More Public Transport Instead of Cars A better, reliable and efficiency public transport system come up improve the system now adjust + regulate but HOW?
Energy in the City of Adelaide | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
Adelaide is faced with an energy crisis, with only 200 years of coal, 50 years of natural gas and 35 years of oil supplies left. The government encourages and facilitates the development of renewable energy. We can also help by using efficient appliances, reducing electricity usage and designing energy efficient houses.
South Australia currently is experiencing strong economic growth in mining, defence, industry sectors, construction, finance and insurance. This strong performance over the past eight years is due to employment being up by 14%, business investment up by 126% and retail sales up by 39%. Between 2001 and 2006, Adelaide lost 2900 professionals, which is double compared to 1996 – 2001. To keep Adelaide’s economy growing the government needs to create ways to attract the working age people and young people to stay and work in the city.
Water / Wastewater - groundwater levels, dry land salinity and drought in Ade...Biocity Studio
Adelaide’s main source of water comes from the River Murray and the Mount Lofty catchment area and connects to the reticulation system. Urban stormwater is a major input to surface water with a number of natural creeks discharging to stormwater drains. Although the major source of water comes from the surface water, ground water is also vital resource. Rising groundwater levels, dry land salinity and droughts are major problems in Adelaide. This presentation offers solution to these problems.
This presentation discusses waste avoidance, reduction, recovery-material and energy and why it is necessary. We need to use our resources more efficiently and become eco-efficient.
Adelaide suffers from air, light, water and noise pollution. 70% of the air pollution is from transport, the key emissions that impact air quality are carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen. South Australia wastes over $5 million dollars per year on electricity, which produces more than 70,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. By reducing light pollution it would be like taking 10,000 cars off the road. Naturally occurring chemical, man-made sources and litter can easily pollute water.
Each household produces 681kg of waste per year. South Australia’s landfills create 60 million cubic metres of landfill airspace. The state is one of the best at recycling and manages to divert 65% recyclable from the landfill. One of the major challenge for recycling is competing with landfills. Cheap landfill costs, disposal contract and global warming are the current crisis issues for waste in South Australia.
Urban Process Research: Transport | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
Social, economic and environmental factors will fundamentally change the nature of urban transport systems and the way we use them. Demographic change, aging population, peak oil, reliance on fossil fuels, climate change and technological changes will be imposed as a consequence
The commonwealth of Australia is a Federative constitutional monarchy under a parliament democracy. In 1987, The Hawke government decentralized part of the federal government’s power from 28 departments to 18. This was to decrease corruption, despotism and increase in efficiency and surveillance. South Australian has 68 councils. The South Australian government is trying keep Local government out of planning decisions involving development over $10 million.
Urban Process: Food & Agriculture | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
South Australia’s agricultural industry has had booms and downturns in the past. Agriculture and food production affects transport, pollution, water usage, waste, erosion and soil/topsoils. The food to energy output is 1 calorie of food energy produced is equal to 10 calories of fossil fuel energy consumed.
Biodiversity is all forms of life and the ecosystems of which they are a part. Adelaide once had a rich variety of wildlife, now it is under serious threat today. The loss of biodiversity has been caused through European settlement developing the land for residential, agriculture and industry usage. This has led to the clearance of vegetation, fragmentation and a decline of many species.
Adelaide’s Transport – Rail, Air, Bus, Car | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
The main form of transportation in Adelaide is rail, air, bus and car. Adelaide has a well-defined city layout, with multi lane roads. It was once called the 20 minute city, but not for much longer. Morning peak hour traffic has risen by 30% since 1997. The private car increases urban air pollution, green house gases and ozone layer depletion. Forty private cars are equals to one bus. If transport was improved in the city this would help decrease pollution problems.
Adelaide economy and population | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
There are large manufacturing, defence and research zones in Adelaide from which the city earns its primary revenue. 50% of Australian cars are manufactured here and is the homeland for the territories oil supply. Adelaide’s major industries are agricultural, manufacturing and mining and they are currently booming. The South Australia employment rate has been growing strongly over the last decade. The potential problem for Adelaide is that the population expects to grow another 537,000 over the next 30 years, an extra 247,000 homes will need to be built.
Energy in the City of Adelaide | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
South Australia electricity demand has risen 1.7% annually and Gas has risen 0.8%. Mining at Leigh Creek will continue only until 2020 and Natural Gas is estimated to last till 2018. What can we do to try and save energy? The government is aiming to reduce energy use in their buildings and transport by 25%. Create alternative for renewable energy efficiency such as wind and solar power.
Understanding water systems in Adelaide | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
Adelaide’s water supply comes from reservoirs, Murray water accessed via the Mannum pipeline, stormwater, groundwater, waste water and localised systems. Then Adelaide metropolitan area comprises of four major catchment areas and four wastewater treatment plants. Adelaide stormwater generates around 86 giga litres per year. Only 10% of this is currently being re-used.
Water Shortages: What does it hold for Sydney? | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
Climate change in the future will led to sea level rising, low rainfall, warmer days and water shortages through evaporation in the dams. A lesser amount of Sydney rain falls in the catchment area, as most of Sydney’s rain falls on the coast and the catchment areas are further island E.g. Warragamba Dam. Warragamba Dam is Sydney’s major water supply can supply Sydney with 4 years supply of water with zero inflow supply, but currently the dam is at 50% capacity. We now need to research desalination plants, larger scale water treatment plants and government plans and policies to help save our water supply.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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2. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT HEALTH IN SYDNEY 1. Types of Health Care Providers in NSW 2. History of Health in NSW 3. Availability of hospitals in NSW 4. The Good and Bad of our Health Care System 5. Australia’s Poor Rank in Health Care World Wide 6. Scenario: Typical Day in a NSW Hospital 7. Distribution of Funds 8. Future Plans and Challenges for Sydney’s Health
3. HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN NEW SOUTH WALES + AREA HEALTH SERVICES Metropolitan and Rural + PUBLIC HEALTH UNITS Survey public health within each area health service + PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANISATIONS Such as Ambulance Service & Cancer Institute +OTHER SERVICES AIDS Dementia & HIV Psychiatry Service, AusHealth and Education Centre Against Violence
4. HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN NEW SOUTH WALES + Spends 8.8% GDP per year on Average + The Australian healthcare system is mixed. Responsibilities for healthcare are divided between the federal and state governments, and both the public and the private sectors play a role. + Government programs underpin the key aspects of healthcare, Medicare which is funded out of general tax revenue, pays for hospital and medical services. Medicare covers all Australians, pays the entire cost of treatment in a public hospital, and reimburses for visits to doctors. + PBS Scheme, the government subsidizes prescriptions + Government pays about 70% of healthcare costs (approximately 47% from the federal and 23% from state governments); the remainder is paid by non-government sources, e.g., insurance and private pay. + Problems – Waiting periods for elective surgeries at public hospitals, access for rural, health status of indigenous.
5. HISTORY OF HEALTH CARE + Pre 1990 Infectious diseaseswere a major source of illness. They dramatically impacted life expectancy. Hospitals such as quarantine wards were isolated – Manly, Waterfall and Randwick TB cases decreased by 80-90% due to improvements in living conditions. + Hospitals started as a charitable organization that received small government grants + Public donations decreased and government tax donations increased hospitals were thought more as a public utility, this began the divide between public and private health. Public hospitals Act 1929 (NSW) regulated and funded health care!
7. HEALTH STATISTICSHOSPITALS IN NSW + Public Hospitals NSW 229 VIC 144 QLD 178 WA 93 SA 80 TAS 27 ACT 3 NT 5 + Population NSW 6.8 MIL VIC 5.2 MIL QLD 4.18 MIL WA 2.11 MIL SA 1.58 MIL TAS 493, 400 ACT 339, 800 NT 215, 000
8. HEALTH STATISTICSHOSPITALS IN NSW There are 2.7 public hospital beds per 1000 people In the most recent budget NSW proposes to spend around $1814 per person on health
9. THE CONDITION OF SYDNEY’S HEALTH SYSTEMWEIGHING UP THE GOOD AND BAD THE POSITIVES + Relatively inexpensive on a personal level with access for all + There aremany hospitalsand specialist hospitals available + Choices: public and private + Medicare + Green space is readily available THE NEGATIVES + Prioritization of private over public patients = long waiting periods + Huge amount of preventable healthproblems in Sydney. I.e.. Obesity. Costs the health system billions of dollars! + Health decreases in places with lower socio-economic status. E.g. Indigenous Australians + Difficult for new immigrant to access public health + Only 2% of NSW budget is spent on health research!! + Homeless and disadvantaged have limited access to the health system
10. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)Ranking of health systemsHealth expenditure as a share of GDP, OECD countries 2006 1. France 2. Italy 3. San Marino 4. Andorra 5. Malta 6. Singapore 7. Spain 8. Oman 9. Austria 10. Japan 11. Norway 12. Portugal 13. Monaco 14. Greece 15. Iceland 16. Luxembourg 17. Netherlands 18. United Kingdom 19. Ireland 20. Switzerland 11.3% 21. Belgium 22. Colombia 23. Sweden 24. Cyprus 25. Germany 10.6% 26. Saudi Arabia 27. United Arab Emirates 28. Israel 29. Morocco 30. Canada 10.0% 31. Finland 32. AUSTRALIA 8.8% 33. Chile 34. Denmark 35. Dominica 36. Costa Rica 37. United States of America 38. Slovenia 39. Cuba
11. + On this random day public hospital outpatient departments provided over 104,000 occasions of service. A DAY IN THE LIFE OF ONE NSW PUBLIC HOSPITAL15 756 Admissions 15 906 Discharges
12. A DAY IN THE LIFE OF ONE NSW PUBLIC HOSPITALTREATMENTS PROVIDED FOR PATIENTS
14. SYDNEY’S HEALTH SYSTEMLOOKING TO THE FUTURE + 2010 and 2025 Plan for NSW Health + The Government outlines 7 steps for future development of NSW Health. They that assume society will remain as it is today. + The 2025 Plan looks towards addressing emerging pressures such as the ageing population and cultural diversity. + It neglects the possible effects of climate change, the need for more public transport and the depletion of energy resources.
15. SYDNEY’S HEALTH SYSTEMPOPULATION AGEING + Caused by patterns of fertility and migration, changes in life expectancy + Proportion of the population over the age of 65 is likely to increase by 50% in the next 15-20 years + Population ageing is likely to increase the proportion of the population with disease and disability and will result in substantial increases in the demand for health services.
16. SYDNEY’S HEALTH SYSTEMPOPULATION AGEING + Changes in life expectancy Australians are now the second-longest-living people on earth with falling death rates for cancer, heart disease, stroke and injury, but the indigenous population continues to die earlier. Australians' life expectancy is bettered only by the Japanese at 82.2 years.
17. KEY FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR AUSTRALIAOBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT + Proportion of the population that is over weight has increased rapidly + People in the most disadvantaged socio-economic group experience double the rates of obesity!! + …. Obesity cost the government $5.8 billion in 2006!! That’s double what they pay for in Medicare!
19. KEY FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR AUSTRALIATHE USUAL SUSPECTS: National Health Priority Areas + Asthma, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, injuries, mental health problems, arthritis and musculoskeletal problems + In a study to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among homeless people in inner Sydney the results revealed:
20. KEY FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR AUSTRALIATHE USUAL SUSPECTS: Burden of disease + Tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, alcohol, poor nutrition and high blood cholesterol + Increasing urbanisation especially when there has been little attention paid to the preservation of pedestrian amenities, public safety, access to cheap fresh food, social cohesiveness and the potential for pollution – is associated with higher rates of obesity, asthma and depression. (Armstrong, B.K et alI, ‘Challenges in health and health care for Australia’)
21. KEY FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR AUSTRALIAHEALTH INEQUALITIES + Certain groups within Australia experience markedly worse health than the general population + Health gains have not been shared equally across the population Women do better than men Well-educated city dwellers do better than people living in the bush or less affluent suburbs Indigenous Australians live, on average, almost 20 years less than other Australians. (Armstrong, B.K et alI, ‘Challenges in health and health care for Australia’) + Access to health services is becoming less equitable. Patients’ out-of-pocket costs have grown 50% in the past decade.
22. KEY FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR AUSTRALIAHEALTH INEQUALITIES + Death rates among indigenous males and females were at least twice as high, across all age groups, as those for non-indigenous males and females.
23. KEY FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR AUSTRALIA Global Health Challenges + Climate change will have a range of effects on health with increasing extreme weather events and global warming Increased congestion caused by high density damages health. Vehicle exhaust contains microparticles that kill 3 million people each year; the World Health Organization says. High density is also bad for mental health. A study of more than 4 million Swedes showed the rate for psychosis was 70% greater for dense areas, and there was a 16% greater risk of depression. The Australian Unity Wellbeing Index shows the happiest electorates are those with lower population densities. (Recsei, T. Jan 14 09. SMH ‘Rise of High-density living a new low for Sydney’)
24. KEY FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR AUSTRALIACLIMATE CHANGE Heat waves and Bushfires Tsunamis Floods Storm Surges More strain on emergency services during extreme weather events, aging population…
25. KEY FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR AUSTRALIATHE UNKOWN + Future health challenges are likely to be less predictable + Australia will need to build and maintain the capacity to respond appropriately to these challenges Since the beginning of the last century, there has been a dramatic decrease in the mortality rates of babies and children. But after decades of progress children’s health is under fresh threat from an array of modern conditions that impair their life expectancy and quality of life. In what is described as “modernity’s paradox” many Australian children are now not as healthy as were children of earlier generations. (Armstrong, B.K et alI, ‘Challenges in health and health care for Australia’)
26. KEY FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR AUSTRALIATHE UNKOWN + Future health challenges are likely to be less predictable + Australia will need to build and maintain the capacity to respond appropriately to these challenges Since the beginning of the last century, there has been a dramatic decrease in the mortality rates of babies and children. But after decades of progress children’s health is under fresh threat from an array of modern conditions that impair their life expectancy and quality of life. In what is described as “modernity’s paradox” many Australian children are now not as healthy as were children of earlier generations. (Armstrong, B.K et alI, ‘Challenges in health and health care for Australia’)