Biochem qstion and answer for molecular gen ( june.21.2010)
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Human mitochondria contain 2-10 copies of circular DNA that makes up 1% of total cellular DNA. This mitochondrial DNA codes for 13 proteins in the respiratory chain as well as mitochondrial ribosomal and transfer RNAs. All mitochondria are inherited solely from the mother through the ovum during fertilization.
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- Organellar DNA replication and gene expression occur within the organelles. Uniparental, non-Mendelian inheritance is observed.
- Differences exist between organellar and nuclear DNA as well as between chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes.
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Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is circular, double-stranded DNA found in chloroplasts. cpDNA ranges in size from 120-2000kb depending on the species. It contains genes that encode components of the chloroplast protein synthesis machinery like rRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal proteins. It also contains genes for photosynthesis proteins. While cpDNA was originally derived from cyanobacteria, chloroplasts have become dependent on the plant cell nucleus for many genes as cpDNA has lost much of its original genetic information over evolutionary time. Comparisons of cpDNA sequences between species has provided insights into chloroplast and plant evolutionary relationships.
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This document summarizes organellar genomes and inheritance. It discusses the history of discovering DNA in chloroplasts and mitochondria in the 1960s. Key points:
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- Endosymbiotic theory proposes that chloroplasts and mitochondria originated from engulfed photosynthetic and aerobic bacteria, respectively.
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Chloroplast dna
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is circular, double-stranded DNA found in chloroplasts. cpDNA ranges in size from 120-2000kb depending on the species. It contains genes that encode components of the chloroplast protein synthesis machinery like rRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal proteins. It also contains genes for photosynthesis proteins. While cpDNA was originally derived from cyanobacteria, chloroplasts have become dependent on the plant cell nucleus for many genes as cpDNA has lost much of its original genetic information over evolutionary time. Comparisons of cpDNA sequences between species has provided insights into chloroplast and plant evolutionary relationships.
Mitochondrial dna
Mitochondrial DNA is circular DNA located in the mitochondria of cells. It is 16kb in size and encodes 37 genes. Mitochondrial DNA is only inherited from the mother and differs from nuclear DNA in several key ways, such as being maternally inherited only. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause diseases often involving the central nervous system or musculoskeletal system. The high mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA is due to lack of protective histones and DNA repair mechanisms.
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Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that capture light energy through photosynthesis. This document outlines the history and organization of chloroplast genomes, methods for chloroplast transformation, and applications in biotechnology. Specifically, it details a case study where the chloroplast genome of rapeseed was successfully transformed to be resistant to the antibiotic spectinomycin, demonstrating the potential for chloroplast transformation in important crop species. Overall, chloroplast transformation allows for high levels of protein expression and containment of transgenes, representing promising applications in biotechnology and molecular biology research.
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Chromosomal abnormalities can be either numerical, involving an abnormal number of chromosomes, or structural, involving changes in a chromosome's structure. Numerical abnormalities include conditions like Down syndrome which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Structural abnormalities include deletions, duplications, translocations, inversions, and insertions which alter chromosomes by removing, adding, or rearranging genetic material. Chromosomal anomalies can be inherited from a parent or occur de novo, and can affect an individual's cells mosaicly or in all cells.
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This document discusses chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Chloroplasts contain their own circular genome of double-stranded DNA ranging from 140-200kb. The cpDNA contains genes that code for proteins involved in photosynthesis as well as rRNA and tRNA. It has a quadripartite structure containing single copy and inverted repeat regions. Tobacco and liverwort were two of the first chloroplast genomes to be sequenced. Molecular studies of cpDNA regions have been useful for plant systematics. Replication of cpDNA is independent of nuclear DNA and involves enzymes like DNA polymerase and helicase.
Mitochondrial genome
The human mitochondrial genome is much smaller than the nuclear genome, consisting of 16,569 base pairs. It contains 37 genes, 13 of which code for proteins involved in cellular respiration. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited solely from the mother and encodes for transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA and proteins that are critical subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. The human mitochondrial genome has a highly condensed structure with minimal non-coding regions and some overlapping genes. It also differs slightly from the standard genetic code.
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This document discusses chromosomal abnormalities, including both numerical and structural abnormalities. It provides examples of various chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), trisomy 18, trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome), Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. It also discusses methods used in cytogenetic analysis such as karyotyping, G-banding, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and spectral karyotyping. Overall, the document provides an overview of common chromosomal abnormalities and the techniques used to identify them.
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Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte Webinar
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up Slides
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays, June 2024 with Maria Copot 20
Webinar: Designing a schema for a Data Warehouse
Are you new to data warehouses (DWH)? Do you need to check whether your data warehouse follows the best practices for a good design? In both cases, this webinar is for you.
A data warehouse is a central relational database that contains all measurements about a business or an organisation. This data comes from a variety of heterogeneous data sources, which includes databases of any type that back the applications used by the company, data files exported by some applications, or APIs provided by internal or external services.
But designing a data warehouse correctly is a hard task, which requires gathering information about the business processes that need to be analysed in the first place. These processes must be translated into so-called star schemas, which means, denormalised databases where each table represents a dimension or facts.
We will discuss these topics:
- How to gather information about a business;
- Understanding dictionaries and how to identify business entities;
- Dimensions and facts;
- Setting a table granularity;
- Types of facts;
- Types of dimensions;
- Snowflakes and how to avoid them;
- Expanding existing dimensions and facts.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdf
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Consult the full report at https://www.oecd.org/digital/oecd-artificial-intelligence-review-of-germany-609808d6-en.htm
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - Authorization
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Recently uploaded (20)
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Biochem qstion and answer for molecular gen ( june.21.2010)
- 2. Mitochondria DNA Human mitochondria contain 2-10 copies of a small circular double-stranded DNA. The majority of the peptides in mitochondria are coded by nuclear genes 1% of total cellular DNA. mtDNA codes for mt ribosomal and transfer RNAs. 13 proteins for respiratory chain. All mitochondria are contributed by the ovum during zygote formation. 6/22/2010 2
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