Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute. The circulatory system transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, and wastes between cells and capillaries. Capillaries allow diffusion of these materials through their thin walls. Oxygen is picked up from the lungs and dropped off at cells, while carbon dioxide is picked up from cells and transported to the lungs. Other materials transported include hormones from glands, nutrients from digestion and storage sites, and wastes from the liver, dead cells, and muscles to the kidneys.

1. Entry slip: Define “heart rate”.
Lesson 4.2- Identify the materials transported
between cells of the body and capillaries.
(pp308-313) of Biology-McGraw-Hill Ryerson)
I. Terms:
a. Circulatory System: The body system
composed of the heart, blood vessels and
capillaries and blood. Called “circulatory”
system as the heart continuously pumps
blood which circulates around all major
organs.
b. Capillaries: the smallest of all blood
vessels whose walls are so thin that O2,
CO2, water, hormones, nutrients and
wastes can pass through.
c. Blood: composed of red blood cells, white
blood cells, blood platelets and plasma.
d. Plasma: the portion of blood composed
mostly of water, but equally as important

2. is composed of a small amount of O2, CO2,
hormones, nutrients and wastes.
e. Diffusion: The movement of molecules
from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration. Remember:
the sugar cube in beaker of water demo
and the onion/salt demo.
II. Circulatory System as a mode of
Transportation:
a. “Picking up”- Capillaries that pass by the
body’s cells will pick up small particles by
diffusion.
b. “Dropping off”-Capillaries that pass by the
body’s cells will drop off small particles by
diffusion.
III.Materials transported between the cells of
the body and the capillaries:
a. CO2- Created as a by-product of energy
production in each cell.
i. Picked up at every cell.

3. ii. Must be transported to lungs for
exhalation.
b. O2- Needed at every cell for energy
production in the cell.
i. Picked up at the lungs (See Unit 2-
Respiration)
ii. Dropped off at every cell in the body.
Remember, this movement of O2
from the blood across to the cell is
called “internal respiration”.
c. Hormones- Chemicals created in special
glands in the body that give instructions
to specific cells and organs in other parts
of the body to perform certain tasks. (ex:
adrenaline produced by adrenal glands in
kidneys instructs blood vessels to
constrict, thus increasing blood pressure).
i. Picked up at various glands in the
body.
ii. Must be transported to the target
cells and organs.

4. d.Nutrients- CHO’s, protein, lipids, vitamins,
minerals and water. See Unit 1-Digestion
and Nutrition for information on their
functions.
i. Picked up in digestive tract after
being eaten and digested. Also picked
up from areas that they are stored or
filtered in the body, such as:
A. the liver (glycogen and vitamins)
B. fat cells: (lipids)
C. nephrons in kidney (reabsorption
and filtration)
ii. Must be transported to all areas of
the body where the nutrients are
needed.
e. Nitrogenous wastes- Three of the four
primary metabolic wastes (urea, uric acid
and creatinine). See Unit 3-Excretion and
Waste Management for more details.
i. Picked up:
A.In liver (urea)

5. B. From dead cells all over the body
(uric acid)
C. In muscles (creatinine)
ii. Must be transported to kidneys to be
filtered out of the blood plasma and
excreted by urination.
IV. Homework Assignment:
a.Complete the cross-word puzzle handout.
b. Due next class.