Bio lab case 2
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A 55-year-old woman presented with various symptoms including fatigue, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Laboratory tests found low ATP production and high levels of arsenic in her system. The doctors concluded she was poisoned with arsenic, likely by her husband who wanted her lottery money, as arsenic poisoning can cause all of her symptoms by inhibiting mitochondrial function and ATP production.
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Case study #3
A 2-day old male infant presented with low birth weight, difficulty feeding, seizures, gastrointestinal bleeding, enlarged liver, low muscle tone, facial deformities, impaired hearing, jaundiced skin, and glaucoma. Laboratory results showed high levels of hydrogen peroxide and fats/amino acids in cells. The exact diagnosis was determined to be Zellweger syndrome, a peroxisomal disorder, based on the matching symptoms and findings at birth. Zellweger syndrome has no treatment as the abnormalities occur during fetal development, and affected infants typically do not survive past 6 months due to respiratory distress, bleeding, or liver failure.
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This document describes a case of a 7-year-old male patient presenting with fatigue, muscle weakness, low endurance, loss of coordination, and difficulty walking. Physical examination revealed muscle loss, deformity, and difficulty breathing. Laboratory results showed abnormal cell shape and division and impaired intracellular movement. The diagnosis was a malfunctioning organelle - the microfilaments, which support the cell, pull apart chromosomes during cell division, move materials inside the cell, and cause muscle contractions when actin and myosin microfilaments malfunction.
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A 42-year-old male presented with a 17 pound weight gain over the past month, lethargy, and an enlarged liver. Laboratory results found excessive glycogen and fat in the liver, low testosterone, and abnormal calcium levels. The diagnosis was that the patient's smooth endoplasmic reticulum was not functioning properly, leading to issues with calcium regulation, steroid and carbohydrate metabolism, and abnormal fat storage. The cause was determined to be the patient's new high-fat, fast food diet, which overburdened his liver and disrupted smooth endoplasmic reticulum function.
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A 66-year-old woman presented with severe confusion and low sodium levels of 98 mmol/L. She had a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Her confusion slowly resolved as her sodium levels increased with fluid restriction and saline replacement. The differential diagnosis included chronic hyponatremia due to primary polydipsia versus SIADH, though the diagnosis remained unclear. Care was taken to slowly correct her sodium levels to avoid central pontine myelinolysis.
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Este documento describe los elementos fundamentales de una historia clínica. Explica que una historia clínica es un documento confidencial que contiene información sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de un paciente. Detalla las secciones clave que debe incluir una historia clínica como los antecedentes del paciente, examen físico, estudios complementarios y diagnóstico. Además, enfatiza la importancia de utilizar la terminología médica correcta en una historia clínica.
Case Study 2
A 55-year-old woman presented with fatigue, headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vertigo, weight loss, abdominal pain, and excessive salivation. Her physical examination revealed swollen eyelids, partial limb paralysis, increased skin pigmentation on palms and soles, and white bands on fingernails. Laboratory results showed low ATP production, high arsenic levels, and abnormal cell death due to lack of ATP. She was diagnosed with mitochondrial malfunction due to the low ATP production and cell death not caused by programmed cell death. It was determined that her significant other had poisoned her with arsenic, likely due to previous marital stress and newly acquired wealth from a lottery win.
Biology case study #4
The patient, a 42-year-old male, presented with a 17 pound weight gain over the past month, lethargy, and an enlarged liver. Laboratory results found excessive glycogen in the liver, abnormal fat metabolism, and low testosterone levels. The diagnosis determined the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was malfunctioning, impacting calcium balance and testosterone, glycogen, and fat levels. This caused multiple symptoms by disrupting the smooth ER's roles in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.
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A 2-day old male infant presented with low birth weight, difficulty feeding, seizures, gastrointestinal bleeding, enlarged liver, low muscle tone, facial deformities, impaired hearing, jaundiced skin, and glaucoma. Laboratory results showed high levels of hydrogen peroxide and fats/amino acids in cells. The exact diagnosis was determined to be Zellweger syndrome, a peroxisomal disorder, based on the matching symptoms and findings at birth. Zellweger syndrome has no treatment as the abnormalities occur during fetal development, and affected infants typically do not survive past 6 months due to respiratory distress, bleeding, or liver failure.
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This document describes a case of a 7-year-old male patient presenting with fatigue, muscle weakness, low endurance, loss of coordination, and difficulty walking. Physical examination revealed muscle loss, deformity, and difficulty breathing. Laboratory results showed abnormal cell shape and division and impaired intracellular movement. The diagnosis was a malfunctioning organelle - the microfilaments, which support the cell, pull apart chromosomes during cell division, move materials inside the cell, and cause muscle contractions when actin and myosin microfilaments malfunction.
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A 42-year-old male presented with a 17 pound weight gain over the past month, lethargy, and an enlarged liver. Laboratory results found excessive glycogen and fat in the liver, low testosterone, and abnormal calcium levels. The diagnosis was that the patient's smooth endoplasmic reticulum was not functioning properly, leading to issues with calcium regulation, steroid and carbohydrate metabolism, and abnormal fat storage. The cause was determined to be the patient's new high-fat, fast food diet, which overburdened his liver and disrupted smooth endoplasmic reticulum function.
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Este documento describe los elementos fundamentales de una historia clínica. Explica que una historia clínica es un documento confidencial que contiene información sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de un paciente. Detalla las secciones clave que debe incluir una historia clínica como los antecedentes del paciente, examen físico, estudios complementarios y diagnóstico. Además, enfatiza la importancia de utilizar la terminología médica correcta en una historia clínica.
Case Study 2
A 55-year-old woman presented with fatigue, headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vertigo, weight loss, abdominal pain, and excessive salivation. Her physical examination revealed swollen eyelids, partial limb paralysis, increased skin pigmentation on palms and soles, and white bands on fingernails. Laboratory results showed low ATP production, high arsenic levels, and abnormal cell death due to lack of ATP. She was diagnosed with mitochondrial malfunction due to the low ATP production and cell death not caused by programmed cell death. It was determined that her significant other had poisoned her with arsenic, likely due to previous marital stress and newly acquired wealth from a lottery win.
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The patient, a 42-year-old male, presented with a 17 pound weight gain over the past month, lethargy, and an enlarged liver. Laboratory results found excessive glycogen in the liver, abnormal fat metabolism, and low testosterone levels. The diagnosis determined the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was malfunctioning, impacting calcium balance and testosterone, glycogen, and fat levels. This caused multiple symptoms by disrupting the smooth ER's roles in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.
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The document describes several types of organelles found within cells and their functions. It discusses the nucleus and its nuclear envelope, chromosomes, and components. It also describes mitochondria as the energy powerhouses of cells that produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Other organelles discussed include the endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, peroxisomes, ribosomes, lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, and plastids.
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This document summarizes a case of a 55-year-old female patient presenting with various symptoms including fatigue, headaches, nausea, and weakness. Laboratory tests found high levels of arsenic in her system and low ATP production. Her symptoms matched those of arsenic poisoning. The document hypothesizes that the patient's husband poisoned her with arsenic because he was unhappy in their marriage and wanted her lottery money.
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Zola, a 2-year old girl from Southern Africa recently moved to the US and has been experiencing numerous health issues including painful wounds that are slow to heal, swollen fingers and toes, fever, paleness, and pneumonia-like symptoms. An initial diagnosis would be anemia, and blood tests such as hemoglobin electrophoresis would be performed to diagnose sickle-cell anemia, which is caused by a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal sickle-shaped hemoglobin. Treatment options include medications, blood transfusions, and potentially a bone marrow transplant.
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The child was brought to a health provider with swollen hands and feet, labored breathing, and red urine. Tests found low blood oxygen and red blood cell count. Additional testing confirmed sickle cell anemia through detection of hemoglobin S, SS, SB, or SC. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that substitutes valine for glutamic acid in the hemoglobin protein, weakening red blood cells and reducing their lifespan to around 20 days. Treatments aim to supplement proteins, vitamins, antibiotics to prevent infection, and blood transfusions, but there is currently no cure.
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- Simple eyes first evolved with a photoreceptor cell that could sense light and a pigment cell to prevent light scattering.
- Over time, eyes became more complex through genetic changes that enhanced light detection abilities.
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- 1. Case #2 An Awesome Presentation Presented to You by the Best Presenters in the Whole Presentation World... ...Robert and Lauren!
- 2. Patient Information ● Female, 55 years old ● No history of health problems ● Marriage problems ● Recently won the lottery
- 3. Symptoms ● Fatigue ● Headaches ● Excessive salivation ● Nausea / Vomiting ● Diarrhea ● Vertigo ● Abdominal pain ● Weight loss
- 4. Physical Examination ● Swelling of eyelids ● Partial limb paralysis ● Hyperkeratosis of skin on palms & soles ● White banding on fingernails ● Muscle weakness
- 5. Lab Results ● Low levels of ATP production ● Unusually high levels of arsenic ● Abnormal levels of cell death – Due to lack of energy
- 6. Our Theory – Arsenic Poisoning!
- 7. Patient's Symptoms vs. Arsenic Poisoning Symptoms High levels of arsenic headache dizziness Falling body temperature White banding on fingernails diarrhea vomiting Abdominal pain Muscle weakness fatigue vertigo Excessive salivation Hyperkeratosis of skin on palms & soles Eyelid swelling Limb paralysis Weight loss Low levels of atp production Abnormal amount of cell death Garlic odor on breath Kidney failure Progressive blindness dementia
- 8. Arsenic Poisoning ● Organelle affected: mitochondria ● Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase ● Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA decreased ● Citric acid cycle activity decreased ● Production of ATP decreased ● Inhibits cellular glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation
- 9. How (we're guessing) It Happened ● Husband hated her as it was ● She won the lottery ● He wanted her money ● He poisoned her. ● ALL MEN ARE EVIL
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