This document provides an overview of bio computers. It discusses that bio computers use biological molecules like DNA and proteins to store, retrieve, and process data, enabled by nanobiotechnology. There are three main types: biochemical computers use feedback loops in biological reactions; biomechanical computers rely on molecules adopting physical configurations under conditions; and bioelectronic computers measure electrical conductivity of designed biomolecules. While bio computers could potentially store vastly more data than silicon-based computers and be smaller, they currently operate more slowly and require human assistance. The future potential of bio computers is unknown, as capabilities have yet to surpass conventional computers, but some believe there is great potential.

1. Contents
 What is Bio Computers?
 Types of Bio Computers
 Bio Chemical Computers
 Bio Mechanical Computers
 Bioelectronics
 Bio computers as successor to silicon
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Comparison with classical computers
 Future potential of bio computers
 Conclusion
references

2. What are bio computers?
Bio Computers are not robots or any spiritual beings but they work like a
powerful computer.
It has the CPU as its brain and DNA are its software
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3. What do you mean by the term “Bio”?
Bio basically refers to the living .Our body deals with
DNA structures ,proteins,etc. likewise Bio Computers
have

4. BY:
JNANESHWAR
DEEPAK KUMAR RAI
ROHIT PANDEY
BIO
COMPUTERS
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5. Introduction
Bio Computers use systems of biologically
derived molecules such as DNA and proteins to
perform computational calculations involving
storing , retrieving and processing data. The
development of Bio Computers has been made
possible by the expanding new science of
nanobiotechnology.

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7. TYPES OF BIO COMPUTERS
Bio Chemical Computers
Bio Mechanical Computers
Bio Electronic Computers

8. Bio Chemical Computers
Bio Chemical Computers use the immense variety of feedback loops that are
characteristics of biological chemical reactions in order to achieve
computational functionality . Feedback loops in biological systems take many
forms and many different factors can provide both positive and negative
feedback to a particular biochemical process ,causing either an increase in
chemical output or a decrease in chemical output respectively.

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Such factor may include the quantity of catalytic enzymes
present ,the amount of reactants present , the amount of
products present , and the presence of molecules that bind to
and thus alter the chemical reactivity of any of the
aforementioned factors . Given the nature of these biochemical
systems to be regulated through many different mechanisms ,
one can engineer a chemical pathway comprising a set of
molecular components that reacts to produce one particular
product under one set of specific chemical conditions and
another particular product under another set of conditions

10. The presence of the particular
product that results from the
pathway can serve as a signal ,which
can be interpreted along with other
chemical signals as a computational
output based upon the starting
chemical conditions of the system
the (input).

11. Bio Mechanical Computers
Biochemical Computers are similar to biochemical computers in that they
both performs a specific operation that can be interpreted as a functional
computation based upon specific initial conditions which serve as input . They
differ , however in what exactly serves as the output signal .In biochemical
computers ,the presence or concentration of certain chemicals serves as the
output signal . In biochemical computers , however the mechanical shape of
a specific molecule or set of molecules under a set of initial conditions serves
as the output .

12. Bio Mechanical Computers rely on the
nature of specific molecules to adopt
certain physical configurations under
certain chemical conditions. The
mechanical , three - dimensional
structure of the product of the
biomechanical computer is detected and
interpreted appropriately as a calculated
output

14. BIO ELECTRONICS
Biocomputers can also be constructed to perform electronic
computing
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15. Bio-Electronics Computers
Again like both biomechanical and biochemical
computers , computations are performed by interpreting
a specific output that is based upon an initial set of
conditions that serve as input . In bioelectronics
computers , the measured output is the nature of the
electrical conductivity that is observed in the
bioelectronics computer. This output comprises
specifically designed biomolecules that conducts
electricity in highly specific manner based upon the initial
conditions that serve as the input of the bioelectronics
system.

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Bioelectronics
Is where
BIOCOMPUTING
Electronics and Biology
Meet together
Involves processing information with biomolecules

17. Bio Computers as Successor to Silicon
Computers store data in strings made up of 0 & 1 . Living things store
information with molecules representing the letters A,T,C & G.
A single gram of DNA can hold a much information as a trillion compact disc

19. Advantages
 Ample supply of raw materials
 It can be made many times smaller than today’s computer
 No toxic by products

20. Disadvantages
 Time consuming
 Occasionally slower
 Human Assistance

21. Comparison…
DNA COMPUTERS
 Slow at single operation
 Able to simultaneously perform
millions of operation
 Huge storage capacity
 Require considerable preparation
before
CLASSICAL COMPUTERS
 Fast at single operation
 Can do fewer operation
simultaneously
 Smaller capacity
 Immediate setup

22. Conclusion…
It isn’t to hard to imagine that
one day we might have all the tools
and talent to produce small
integrated desktop machine that
uses DNA or a DNA like biopolymer
as a computing substrate along with
the set of designer enzymes.

23. references
 www.google.com
 https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio_Computers
 www.slideshare.net
 Wispelwey. June. "Nanobiotechnology: The Integration of
Nanoengineering and Biotechnology to the Benefit of Both." Society for
Biological Engineering (Special Section): Nanobiotechnology, p. 34
 Ratner. Daniel and Mark. Nanotechnology: A Gentle Introduction to the
Next Big Idea. Pearson Education. Inc: 2003, p. 116-7

24. Future potential of Biocomputers
Many examples of simple biocomputers have
been designed ,but the capabilities of
these biocomputers are very limited in
comparison to commercially available non-
bio computers .Some people believe that
biocomputers have great potential ,but
this has yet to be demonstrated.

25. THANK YOU
FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION!
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