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The document describes the process of transcription and translation in a cell. It shows how DNA is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase in the nucleus. The mRNA is then exported through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, ribosomes translate the mRNA into a protein by linking amino acids specified by the mRNA codons.

Transcription and
Translation
By Keeston Perry

GC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

TG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

Base

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

Codon

Promoter Base
Region

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

Codon

RNA Polymerase

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

The RNA polymerase goes through and copies copies strand 1.

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG

ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

Starting Codon

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG

ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG

ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG UCG

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

Terminating
New Strand Sequence

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

Once strand 1 is copied it form the middle strand which is
mRNA.

Coding Region

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

Stop Codon

Nuclear Pore

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

The mRNA strand then exits through the nuclear
pore and goes to translation.

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG GCG

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG CUG

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

AUG

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC

ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG

Ribosomes

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

mRNA Strand

UAC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

Amino Acid

tRNA
METH

UAC
AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

tRNA Anti-Codon

ASP

METH GAC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

Peptide Bonds

METH ASP

GAC
AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

ALA

METH ASP
CGC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

SER

AGC
METH ASP ALA

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

SER

METH ASP ALA
AGC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

METH ASP ALA SER

AGC
AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

HIS

CAC
METH ASP ALA SER

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

HIS

METH ASP ALA SER CAC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

METH ASP ALA SER HIS

CAC
AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

GLY

GG
METH ASP ALA SER HIS G

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

GLY

METH ASP ALA SER HIS
GG
G

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY

GG
AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG GCC
C CCC UUC AAA UAG

GLY

GG
METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY G

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

GLY

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GG
G

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY

GG
AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC G CC
C UUC AAA UAG

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

LYS

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY
AAG

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS

AAG
AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

PHE

UUU
METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

PHE
METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS

UUU

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE

UUU
AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

PHE

AUC
METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

PHE

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE
AUC

AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE PHE

AUC
AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG

Stop Codon

Once all the amino aicds bond together they form
together they form a protein.

METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE PHE

Protein

Summary
Transcription and translation are the two steps of making
proteins. The first step is transcription. Transcription takes
place in the nucleus an starts with the RNA polymerase
coping the DNA to make the mRNA code. The mRNA code
then exits through the nuclear pore. After exiting through the
nuclear pore it goes to translation which happens in the
cytoplasm. Translation starts with the tRNA comes with the
amino acid. The anti tRNA attaches to the mRNA until the
amino acids bond together. Once all the amino acids bond
together they form a protein.

Bio animation

1.
Transcription and Translation By Keeston Perry
2.
TRANSCRIPTION
3.
Cell Nucleus CYTOPLASM
11.
DNA Strand
14.
AT AAG TTT ATC TA TTC AAA TAG
15.
GC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC TG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
16.
Base TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG Codon
17.
Promoter Base Region TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG Codon
18.
RNA Polymerase TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
19.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG The RNA polymerase goes through and copies copies strand 1.
20.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG Starting Codon
21.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
22.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG ATG CTG GCG ATG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
23.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
24.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
25.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
26.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
27.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
28.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
29.
Terminating New Strand Sequence TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG Once strand 1 is copied it form the middle strand which is mRNA.
30.
Coding Region TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG Stop Codon
31.
Nuclear Pore TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG The mRNA strand then exits through the nuclear pore and goes to translation.
32.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
33.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
34.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
35.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
36.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
37.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG UCG ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
38.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG GCG ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
39.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG CUG ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
40.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC AUG ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
41.
TAC GAC CGC AGC CAC GGG AAT AAG TTT ATC ATG CTG GCG TCG GTG CCC TTA TTC AAA TAG
42.
TRANSLATION
43.
Cell Nucleus CYTOPLASM
46.
UAG
47.
AAA UAG
48.
UUC AAA UAG
49.
CCC UUC AAA UAG
50.
CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
51.
GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
52.
UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
53.
GCG UCG GUGCCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
54.
CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
55.
Ribosomes AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG mRNA Strand
56.
UAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
57.
UAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
58.
UAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
59.
UAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
60.
UAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
61.
Amino Acid tRNA METH UAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG tRNA Anti-Codon
62.
ASP METH GAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
63.
ASP METH GAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
64.
Peptide Bonds METH ASP GAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
65.
ALA METH ASP CGC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
66.
ALA METH ASP CGC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
67.
SER AGC METH ASP ALA AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
68.
SER METH ASP ALA AGC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
69.
METH ASP ALASER AGC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
70.
HIS CAC METH ASP ALA SER AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
71.
HIS METH ASP ALA SER CAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
72.
HIS METH ASP ALA SER CAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
73.
METH ASP ALASER HIS CAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
74.
METH ASP ALASER HIS CAC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
75.
GLY GG METH ASP ALA SER HIS G AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
76.
GLY METH ASP ALA SER HIS GG G AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
77.
GLY METH ASP ALA SER HIS GG G AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
78.
METH ASP ALASER HIS GLY GG AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG GCC C CCC UUC AAA UAG
79.
GLY GG METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY G AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
80.
GLY METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GG G AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
81.
METH ASP ALASER HIS GLY GLY GG AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC G CC C UUC AAA UAG
82.
METH ASP ALASER HIS GLY GLY AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
83.
LYS METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY AAG AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
84.
LYS METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY AAG AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
85.
METH ASP ALASER HIS GLY GLY LYS AAG AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
86.
METH ASP ALASER HIS GLY GLY LYS AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
87.
PHE UUU METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
88.
PHE METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS UUU AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
89.
METH ASP ALASER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE UUU AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
90.
PHE AUC METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
91.
PHE METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE AUC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
92.
PHE METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE AUC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG
93.
METH ASP ALASER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE PHE AUC AUG CUG GCG UCG GUG CCC CCC UUC AAA UAG Stop Codon
94.
Once all theamino aicds bond together they form together they form a protein. METH ASP ALA SER HIS GLY GLY LYS PHE PHE Protein
95.
Summary Transcription and translationare the two steps of making proteins. The first step is transcription. Transcription takes place in the nucleus an starts with the RNA polymerase coping the DNA to make the mRNA code. The mRNA code then exits through the nuclear pore. After exiting through the nuclear pore it goes to translation which happens in the cytoplasm. Translation starts with the tRNA comes with the amino acid. The anti tRNA attaches to the mRNA until the amino acids bond together. Once all the amino acids bond together they form a protein.

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