This document discusses protein synthesis through the process of transcription and translation. It explains that genes provide the code for building proteins from amino acids using triplet base nucleotides called codons. Each codon carries a single specific amino acid. The codon sequence in a gene is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated by ribosomes to assemble the amino acids in the specified order to form a protein. An example gene sequence and corresponding codons/amino acids are provided to demonstrate this process.

1. Protein synthesis - codons – Triplet base nucleotides that carry a single specific amino acid.
Our genes control protein synthesis. Every protein is a sequence of amino acids linked together in a particular order . How the amino acids are joined
together is controlled be the pairing of the triplet bases with the corresponding triplets on a gene. Genes provide the code for building proteins from
amino acids. All proteins are made of about 20 amino acids arranged in particular orders.
TTT GTA the letters represent the triplet code
The shape represents the amino acid
GENE code sequence
Below represents a sequence of bases of a gene (from part of a chromosome) that synthesises a particular enzyme protein. The chromosome had opened
to expose the base nucleotides A T G C – these have been copied (mRNA) then the copied gene is taken into the cytoplasm where a ‘ribosome’ is used to
build the protein. Use the triplet base codons with the attached amino acids to construct the protein. Cut out and stick the triplet codes with amino acid
onto the gene below. Begin a ATA.
ATAATATTGTTACAGCTCCTCGGTATCCTGCGGGTG

2. Below is a series of base triplets with the amino acid shape attached – cut them out close to the letters and then arrange and stick
them to the gene code sequence.
TTA AAT GTC GAG
CCA AGA CAC AAC
TAG GAC TAT GCC

3. TTA AAT GTC GAG
CCA AGA CAC AAC
TAG GAC TAT GCC