This document discusses bilingualism and some key issues related to being bilingual. It defines bilingualism as using two languages that differ in sounds, vocabulary and syntax. It distinguishes between additive bilingualism, where a second language is acquired without loss to the first language, and subtractive bilingualism, where the new language replaces the first. The document also discusses advantages of bilingualism like increased cognitive flexibility and sensitivity to language pragmatics, as well as potential minor disadvantages like slightly slower language processing. Finally, it covers the concept of code switching, where bilinguals switch between languages when speaking to other bilinguals.