certain BGA underfill can cause thermal cycling failures
flexible easily repaired material tend to have high Poissons ratio and act like incompressible fluids when restricted under the BGA
Rae Resumen Analitico Del Estudio Carlos VéLez Ariasguesta67b1cd3
Este documento resume una investigación que busca diseñar e implementar un recurso didáctico multimedia para ayudar a estudiantes a comprender los sistemas termodinámicos y las leyes de los gases. La investigación encontró que la mayoría de estudiantes tienen bajos niveles cognitivos, habilidades limitadas para aplicar conocimientos, y actitudes negativas hacia el aprendizaje. Se recomienda usar el recurso multimedia desarrollado para mejorar la comprensión de los estudiantes y hacerlos participes activos en su propio aprendizaje
Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in COVID 19: A Boom in Tre...DrHeena tiwari
This document discusses the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in treating COVID-19 patients. ECMO is a treatment that oxygenates a patient's blood outside of the body and can be used when other treatments have failed. There are two main types of ECMO configurations - venovenous ECMO which oxygenates blood without supporting circulation, and venoarterial ECMO which fully supports the heart and lungs. The document reviews the indications, contraindications, hazards and settings for ECMO and argues it can be beneficial for supporting recovery from severe respiratory or cardiovascular problems caused by COVID-19.
Kaveri engine has 7 components, these components are Low Pressure and High Pressure Compressors, Annular Combustor, High Pressure and Low Pressure Turbines, Afterburner System, Engine Gearbox, Electro-Hydro Mechanical Control Systems, Kaveri Digital Engine Control Unit.
Optical sensor assemblies were shipped to customers with screws missing thread lock. Loose screws were found in some units. Solidworks Simulation was used to estimate potential axis alignment error from a missing screw under a 10g acceleration load. The simulation predicted a maximum gap of 0.0025 inches at the missing screw location and additional optical axis deviation of 0.0044 inches. This alignment error was within specification and no reported optical errors, so no recall is needed.
miniaturized microwave circuits assumed to be beyond the frequency range of vibration testing are in fact susceptible to damage induced by hammer blows used in HALT/HASS equipment
The document appears to be a report tracking sales of the "Aquatic Universe Package" which offers all-inclusive access to a spa and aquatic equipment for 90 euros per week or 80 euros per weekend. It includes data on package sales broken down by month for regular weeks and weekends, as well as total numbers and revenue.
This document appears to be a table showing currency amounts in XPF (CFP Franc) ranging from 0 to 6,000,000 with column headers in a foreign language. It also includes column headers for months from January to December with totals.
Rae Resumen Analitico Del Estudio Carlos VéLez Ariasguesta67b1cd3
Este documento resume una investigación que busca diseñar e implementar un recurso didáctico multimedia para ayudar a estudiantes a comprender los sistemas termodinámicos y las leyes de los gases. La investigación encontró que la mayoría de estudiantes tienen bajos niveles cognitivos, habilidades limitadas para aplicar conocimientos, y actitudes negativas hacia el aprendizaje. Se recomienda usar el recurso multimedia desarrollado para mejorar la comprensión de los estudiantes y hacerlos participes activos en su propio aprendizaje
Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in COVID 19: A Boom in Tre...DrHeena tiwari
This document discusses the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in treating COVID-19 patients. ECMO is a treatment that oxygenates a patient's blood outside of the body and can be used when other treatments have failed. There are two main types of ECMO configurations - venovenous ECMO which oxygenates blood without supporting circulation, and venoarterial ECMO which fully supports the heart and lungs. The document reviews the indications, contraindications, hazards and settings for ECMO and argues it can be beneficial for supporting recovery from severe respiratory or cardiovascular problems caused by COVID-19.
Kaveri engine has 7 components, these components are Low Pressure and High Pressure Compressors, Annular Combustor, High Pressure and Low Pressure Turbines, Afterburner System, Engine Gearbox, Electro-Hydro Mechanical Control Systems, Kaveri Digital Engine Control Unit.
Optical sensor assemblies were shipped to customers with screws missing thread lock. Loose screws were found in some units. Solidworks Simulation was used to estimate potential axis alignment error from a missing screw under a 10g acceleration load. The simulation predicted a maximum gap of 0.0025 inches at the missing screw location and additional optical axis deviation of 0.0044 inches. This alignment error was within specification and no reported optical errors, so no recall is needed.
miniaturized microwave circuits assumed to be beyond the frequency range of vibration testing are in fact susceptible to damage induced by hammer blows used in HALT/HASS equipment
The document appears to be a report tracking sales of the "Aquatic Universe Package" which offers all-inclusive access to a spa and aquatic equipment for 90 euros per week or 80 euros per weekend. It includes data on package sales broken down by month for regular weeks and weekends, as well as total numbers and revenue.
This document appears to be a table showing currency amounts in XPF (CFP Franc) ranging from 0 to 6,000,000 with column headers in a foreign language. It also includes column headers for months from January to December with totals.
The document contains rack rates and occupancy data for a sustainable hotel in Madrid called the Futurist Hotel Concept over the course of 2017. It includes the monthly and total numbers of guests, rooms sold, and percentages and numbers for different room types rented at weekly and weekend rates ranging from 285 to 543 euros.
The document outlines the staffing schedule for different positions at a hotel or resort. It lists various roles such as reception, spa manager, casino manager, and their working hours. It also provides details on maintenance staff and robotics teams, as well as the total number of staff.
This letter serves as a recommendation for Tessa Bowden. It confirms that Tessa was employed at The Focus Group for over five years, where she was involved in sourcing, signing up, and servicing clients for private medical aid plans and life assurance. The letter describes Tessa as a star employee who was one of the first hires and very sad to see leave. It highlights that Tessa was particularly good at building relationships and managing clients from start to finish with great enthusiasm and care. The author has no hesitation recommending Tessa for employment and welcomes any contacts for more information.
This document presents a branded entertainment and mobile marketing platform from ShakyPlanet called eCollectibles that allows brand partners to create digital collectibles to promote their brands.
This document contains tables of numbers showing capacity, revenue, and pricing figures for a hotel over 12 months. The tables include data on room numbers, revenue amounts in euros, room rates, and projected budgets. Key figures given are total annual revenue of 51.4 million euros, total projected budget of 5.1 million euros, and room rates ranging from 285 to 543 euros per night depending on room type.
This document contains a floor plan and details for a futuristic hotel concept with over 121,000 square feet of space. The hotel features an aquatic manager with over 10,000 square feet, flexible roof space, and 6 satellite climb capsules. It includes over 250 accommodations, 12 panoramic meeting rooms, a decision center, technical shelters, and areas for relaxation, jacuzzi, hamman, cryotherapy, and more. Renewable energy sources like solar panels, wind turbines, and water collection are integrated into the design.
Raymond Limited's quality policy expresses their objectives to ensure flawless quality garments through best quality systems and procedures. They employ a 4 point inspection system and maintain a quality average of 2.39 C&D. Random sampling involves inspecting a percentage of daily production and escalating sample sizes if defects are found. Raymond implements a 5S system to develop a problem-solving culture and reduce defects through sorting, straightening, sweeping, standardizing, and self-discipline. Their quality manual details how their quality management system and continuous improvement processes operate.
Los derrames de petróleo representan una de las mayores causas de contaminación oceánica, ya que el 46% del petróleo y sus derivados que se vierten en el mar son residuos de ciudades costeras. Los derrames afectan profundamente la fauna y flora marinas, y solo se solucionará el problema con controles estrictos y sanciones severas para los infractores.
El documento resume las principales etapas de la explotación del petróleo, incluyendo la prospección mediante estudios geológicos y geofísicos, el sondeo y extracción a través de perforaciones para determinar el tamaño del yacimiento, el transporte por buques petroleros u oleoductos, y el refino que implica la destilación y conversión de fracciones para obtener productos como la gasolina mediante procesos como el craqueo y reformado.
Este documento describe los principales productos derivados del petróleo. En primer lugar, menciona los combustibles como la gasolina, el diésel y el queroseno. Luego enumera una variedad de productos químicos útiles como lubricantes, ceras, plásticos, pinturas y fertilizantes. Finalmente, señala otros subproductos como el azufre, el coque y los petroquímicos.
Bga land pattern design for manufacturabilityPaul Ave
This document provides an overview of ball grid array (BGA) package design for manufacturability. It discusses BGA package types, ball types, and considerations for designing the BGA land pattern on a printed circuit board. Key points include choosing ball types based on the coefficient of thermal expansion difference between the package and board substrates, and designing the land pattern layout and ball pads to balance reliability, cost and manufacturability factors. Guidelines are provided for pad sizes, trace widths and via sizes based on the ball pitch and package size.
BGA Land Pattern Design for ManufacturabilityPaul Ave
This document provides an overview of ball grid array (BGA) package design for manufacturability. It discusses BGA package types, ball types, and considerations for designing the BGA land pattern on a printed circuit board. Key points include choosing ball types based on the coefficient of thermal expansion difference between the package and board substrates, and designing the land pattern layout and ball pads to balance reliability, cost and manufacturability factors. Guidelines are provided for pad sizes, trace routing, and package placement.
This document discusses an issue where BGA devices are failing testing but passing when lightly pressed on. Experts respond that the likely cause is "head-in-pillow" defects, where the solder ball and solder pad are in contact but not properly joined due to issues like insufficient solder paste volume, improper reflow profile allowing the ball to separate from the paste, or board warpage. An x-ray could confirm this by showing the ball and paste as separate entities rather than a single joined shape. Pressing on the device forces better contact to pass testing but the joint remains unreliable. Solutions suggested include checking solder paste volume, reflow profile, and board planarity.
This document presents a simplified first-order approach to predicting the fatigue life of solder ball attachments on BGA component packages through thermal cycling analysis. Finite element analysis was used to model different underfill materials and solder compositions under thermal cycling conditions. The predicted solder ball fatigue life ranged from 125 to 300 cycles for SN63 solder and 700 to 2000 cycles for SAC305 solder. A schematic diagram shows the stress-strain behavior of SN63 solder derived from the FEA simulation over temperature changes.
Short Paper on Braze Repair of Gas Turbine BladesAdeniran Oluokun
This document discusses braze repair techniques for gas turbine blades. Brazing is preferable to welding for repair because it causes less thermal stress and distortion. Various brazing techniques are outlined, including overlay brazing, narrow gap brazing, wide gap diffusion brazing, and liquid phase diffusion bonding. Issues with traditional brazing include porosity, shrinkage, and reduced mechanical properties in wide gaps. Newer techniques like binderless brazing aim to address these issues to improve the quality and effectiveness of gas turbine blade repair.
Forging is a manufacturing process that improves the mechanical properties of metal by deforming it under high pressure. Close control over grain flow allows forging to impart desirable properties based on an application's needs. Adequate draft and flash are required in forging dies to allow complete filling and easy removal of the forged part. Common forging operations include fullering, edging, bending, drawing, flattening, blocking, and finishing. Forging can produce parts with better strength and fatigue resistance than casting or machining, though dimensional accuracy and surface finish tend to be lower.
I am John Nash . Currently associated with matlabassignmentexperts.com as a Matlab Homework Help Expert. After completing my Master's in Mechanical Engineering, University of Sydney, I was in search of an opportunity that would expand my area of knowledge hence I decided to help students with their homework. I have written several Design and Manufacturing Assignments to help students overcome numerous difficulties.
The document contains rack rates and occupancy data for a sustainable hotel in Madrid called the Futurist Hotel Concept over the course of 2017. It includes the monthly and total numbers of guests, rooms sold, and percentages and numbers for different room types rented at weekly and weekend rates ranging from 285 to 543 euros.
The document outlines the staffing schedule for different positions at a hotel or resort. It lists various roles such as reception, spa manager, casino manager, and their working hours. It also provides details on maintenance staff and robotics teams, as well as the total number of staff.
This letter serves as a recommendation for Tessa Bowden. It confirms that Tessa was employed at The Focus Group for over five years, where she was involved in sourcing, signing up, and servicing clients for private medical aid plans and life assurance. The letter describes Tessa as a star employee who was one of the first hires and very sad to see leave. It highlights that Tessa was particularly good at building relationships and managing clients from start to finish with great enthusiasm and care. The author has no hesitation recommending Tessa for employment and welcomes any contacts for more information.
This document presents a branded entertainment and mobile marketing platform from ShakyPlanet called eCollectibles that allows brand partners to create digital collectibles to promote their brands.
This document contains tables of numbers showing capacity, revenue, and pricing figures for a hotel over 12 months. The tables include data on room numbers, revenue amounts in euros, room rates, and projected budgets. Key figures given are total annual revenue of 51.4 million euros, total projected budget of 5.1 million euros, and room rates ranging from 285 to 543 euros per night depending on room type.
This document contains a floor plan and details for a futuristic hotel concept with over 121,000 square feet of space. The hotel features an aquatic manager with over 10,000 square feet, flexible roof space, and 6 satellite climb capsules. It includes over 250 accommodations, 12 panoramic meeting rooms, a decision center, technical shelters, and areas for relaxation, jacuzzi, hamman, cryotherapy, and more. Renewable energy sources like solar panels, wind turbines, and water collection are integrated into the design.
Raymond Limited's quality policy expresses their objectives to ensure flawless quality garments through best quality systems and procedures. They employ a 4 point inspection system and maintain a quality average of 2.39 C&D. Random sampling involves inspecting a percentage of daily production and escalating sample sizes if defects are found. Raymond implements a 5S system to develop a problem-solving culture and reduce defects through sorting, straightening, sweeping, standardizing, and self-discipline. Their quality manual details how their quality management system and continuous improvement processes operate.
Los derrames de petróleo representan una de las mayores causas de contaminación oceánica, ya que el 46% del petróleo y sus derivados que se vierten en el mar son residuos de ciudades costeras. Los derrames afectan profundamente la fauna y flora marinas, y solo se solucionará el problema con controles estrictos y sanciones severas para los infractores.
El documento resume las principales etapas de la explotación del petróleo, incluyendo la prospección mediante estudios geológicos y geofísicos, el sondeo y extracción a través de perforaciones para determinar el tamaño del yacimiento, el transporte por buques petroleros u oleoductos, y el refino que implica la destilación y conversión de fracciones para obtener productos como la gasolina mediante procesos como el craqueo y reformado.
Este documento describe los principales productos derivados del petróleo. En primer lugar, menciona los combustibles como la gasolina, el diésel y el queroseno. Luego enumera una variedad de productos químicos útiles como lubricantes, ceras, plásticos, pinturas y fertilizantes. Finalmente, señala otros subproductos como el azufre, el coque y los petroquímicos.
Bga land pattern design for manufacturabilityPaul Ave
This document provides an overview of ball grid array (BGA) package design for manufacturability. It discusses BGA package types, ball types, and considerations for designing the BGA land pattern on a printed circuit board. Key points include choosing ball types based on the coefficient of thermal expansion difference between the package and board substrates, and designing the land pattern layout and ball pads to balance reliability, cost and manufacturability factors. Guidelines are provided for pad sizes, trace widths and via sizes based on the ball pitch and package size.
BGA Land Pattern Design for ManufacturabilityPaul Ave
This document provides an overview of ball grid array (BGA) package design for manufacturability. It discusses BGA package types, ball types, and considerations for designing the BGA land pattern on a printed circuit board. Key points include choosing ball types based on the coefficient of thermal expansion difference between the package and board substrates, and designing the land pattern layout and ball pads to balance reliability, cost and manufacturability factors. Guidelines are provided for pad sizes, trace routing, and package placement.
This document discusses an issue where BGA devices are failing testing but passing when lightly pressed on. Experts respond that the likely cause is "head-in-pillow" defects, where the solder ball and solder pad are in contact but not properly joined due to issues like insufficient solder paste volume, improper reflow profile allowing the ball to separate from the paste, or board warpage. An x-ray could confirm this by showing the ball and paste as separate entities rather than a single joined shape. Pressing on the device forces better contact to pass testing but the joint remains unreliable. Solutions suggested include checking solder paste volume, reflow profile, and board planarity.
This document presents a simplified first-order approach to predicting the fatigue life of solder ball attachments on BGA component packages through thermal cycling analysis. Finite element analysis was used to model different underfill materials and solder compositions under thermal cycling conditions. The predicted solder ball fatigue life ranged from 125 to 300 cycles for SN63 solder and 700 to 2000 cycles for SAC305 solder. A schematic diagram shows the stress-strain behavior of SN63 solder derived from the FEA simulation over temperature changes.
Short Paper on Braze Repair of Gas Turbine BladesAdeniran Oluokun
This document discusses braze repair techniques for gas turbine blades. Brazing is preferable to welding for repair because it causes less thermal stress and distortion. Various brazing techniques are outlined, including overlay brazing, narrow gap brazing, wide gap diffusion brazing, and liquid phase diffusion bonding. Issues with traditional brazing include porosity, shrinkage, and reduced mechanical properties in wide gaps. Newer techniques like binderless brazing aim to address these issues to improve the quality and effectiveness of gas turbine blade repair.
Forging is a manufacturing process that improves the mechanical properties of metal by deforming it under high pressure. Close control over grain flow allows forging to impart desirable properties based on an application's needs. Adequate draft and flash are required in forging dies to allow complete filling and easy removal of the forged part. Common forging operations include fullering, edging, bending, drawing, flattening, blocking, and finishing. Forging can produce parts with better strength and fatigue resistance than casting or machining, though dimensional accuracy and surface finish tend to be lower.
I am John Nash . Currently associated with matlabassignmentexperts.com as a Matlab Homework Help Expert. After completing my Master's in Mechanical Engineering, University of Sydney, I was in search of an opportunity that would expand my area of knowledge hence I decided to help students with their homework. I have written several Design and Manufacturing Assignments to help students overcome numerous difficulties.
The document describes the manufacturing process for a 6-layer printed circuit board (PCB). It involves laminating copper layers and prepreg dielectric layers to build up the stack, then drilling holes and depositing copper on inner layers through electroless plating. External layers are imaged and electroplated to add copper traces. The PCB is then etched, tinned, and has solder mask and finishes applied before testing and assembly. Close collaboration between designers and fabricators is important to optimize the process for impedance and yields.
A memory stack on logic 3D IC stack was considered for comparative study of warpage response to two different process choices, namely, Die to Die (D2D) and Package to Die (P2D) assembly. Process and reliability modeling software CielMech, and Commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software ANSYS Mechanical were utilized to simulate thermo-mechanical effects of sequential chip attach, underfilling and encapsulation process steps for the chosen flows. Warpage at room temperature as well as attach temperature after each attach step were compared. Results indicated that underfill, substrate, and mold compound thermal strains play important roles in warpage evolution. Significant differences in the final assembled state warpage was predicted and is attributable to path dependence of warpage evolution.
This document provides information on various bulk deformation processes used to shape metals, including forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing, and swaging. It discusses the general characteristics, applications, advantages/disadvantages, and costs associated with each process. Diagrams are also included to illustrate stages of specific processes like impression die forging, thread rolling, and shape rolling. The document contains a comprehensive overview of common bulk deformation techniques for metalworking.
Ref failur e analysis tip casting & retainer area fpradeepdeepi
This document summarizes refractory failures at various locations in different kilns. It describes the causes of failures such as uncontrolled steam pressure during heating, inadequate expansion joints, aggressive clinker liquid attack, and lack of proper nose ring cooling. Remedies provided include modifying tip casting designs, increasing expansion gaps, improving nose ring airflow, controlling chemistry variations, and switching to higher grade refractories. Common failure locations addressed are the tip casting area, outlet cones, and retainer rings. Analysis of each case identifies specific issues and recommends customized solutions.
Take a look into the reliability of plated through-holes and compare the impact of various amounts of copper plating in the through holes. Results of the thermal stress testing will be presented.
Learn about the critical factors of Heavy Copper Printed Circuit Boards for determining the appropriate Heavy Copper elements such as acceptable heat rise, copper thickness, hole-size, and if capable of support vias.
Metal forming processes involve plastic deformation of materials to shape them. The main bulk metal forming processes are forging, extrusion, and rolling. Forging involves compressing material between dies to impart the die shape. Extrusion uses a ram to force material through a die opening to shape its cross-section. Rolling reduces thickness by compressing material between rotating rolls.
My name is Elena Long. I am associated with matlabassignmentexperts.com as an Matlab Assignment help expert for the past 4 years and have been helping students with their assignments. I have a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, from McGill University, Canada.
Critical observations during a shut down audit of a pf boiler finalparthi2006
1) During an inspection of a 330 MW pulverized coal boiler, several issues were observed that could be leading to failures and reduced performance. These included cracks in superheater stubs due to restricted thermal expansion, failures of low temperature superheater supports due to dissimilar metal welding, and missing spray nozzles in the deaerator tower.
2) Additional observations included non-uniform coal feeding from worn drag chain feeders, distortions of coal and air nozzles likely due to differential temperatures inside and outside, and erosion of economizer tubes due to preferential gas flow paths.
3) Recommendations were provided such as adjusting superheater support designs to allow for thermal expansion, using compatible welding materials,
Rolling is a metal forming process that reduces thickness or changes the cross-section of a workpiece by compressive forces from rolls. It is first done at high temperatures (hot rolling) to refine grain structure and enhance properties, then at room temperature (cold rolling) for higher strength. Flat rolling involves passing metal through opposing rolls to reduce thickness. Shape rolling forms complex cross-sections like pipes, tubes, rails. Ring and thread rolling produce rings and threaded parts through expansion or extrusion between shaped dies. Continuous casting and rolling in integrated mills and minimills produce finished metal products more efficiently.
The document describes the operation and design of a urea stripper. It discusses:
1) How the urea solution enters the vertical tubes through ferrules and forms a falling film along the inside of the tubes. Steam heats this film, stripping carbon dioxide from the solution.
2) The advantages of the falling film design, including higher heat transfer rates and less residence time, reducing biuret formation.
3) Details on the materials of construction, including the use of bimetallic tubes with an external tube of 2-RE-69 stainless steel and an internal tube of zirconium. This provides corrosion resistance at a lower cost than using solely titanium tubes.
This document discusses flashless forging, a near net shape forging process where metal is compressed in a die cavity without any excess flash. Flashless forging provides benefits over closed die forging such as material and energy savings from eliminating flash, higher production rates due to no trimming, and better part dimensions and grain structure. While it enables net shape parts and savings, flashless forging also requires more complex dies and strict control over blank weight and temperature compared to conventional forging.
The document provides design guidelines for electroplating ABS and ABS/PC plastic parts. It discusses considerations for part design, plating uniformity, and racking. Key recommendations include using gradual transitions between wall thicknesses, rounding edges and corners, limiting depth of features like grooves and holes, and designing parts and racks to facilitate uniform plating and contact with rack tips. Consultation with molders and platers is advised to optimize part design for molding, plating and performance.
This document is a damage stress analysis report for a bow thruster assembly that was involved in an underwater collision. It summarizes the solidworks model of the assembly, details an FEA mesh and collision simulation with a rocky bottom, and analyzes the maximum stresses on the struts. Resonant frequency analyses were also conducted, identifying three vibration modes that could lead to propeller blade flutter or collisions with the cowling. The conclusions recommend strengthening the support struts and performing qualification testing over the full speed range.
This document discusses vibration testing of equipment and whether cross-axis motion during testing is significant. It notes that vibration tests are usually done in three perpendicular axes but that overturning moments can cause responses in axes perpendicular to the one being excited. Modal analysis and vibration testing of a laser electronics assembly showed that cross-axis responses could be a significant fraction of the in-line responses, with quality factors ranging from 4 to 58. The conclusions are that orthogonal vibration testing does not guarantee orthogonal peak responses and that fatigue calculations should include all axial responses.
This document summarizes the assembly process for a ceramic microwave resonator cavity using a shrink fit technique. Key steps include heating the aluminum housing to expand it, inserting the ceramic puck using an alignment fixture, and allowing the assembly to cool which causes the housing to contract around the puck, holding it firmly in place through compression. Finite element analysis confirms the ceramic is held safely in compression while the housing experiences some permanent plastic deformation within its yield strength to form an interference fit.
This document discusses myths and best practices for packaging shock sensitive electronic components. It notes that shock levels measured in G units for components do not necessarily translate to the same exposure levels for those components when mounted in a system. The document recommends establishing system-level shock requirements, obtaining component shock specifications, designing mounts, and using modeling to calculate dynamic response of components in a system. It provides an example where modeling showed a crystal oscillator experienced 70Gs of shock in a system designed for a 50G specification, due to mounting factors. It concludes systems have many dynamic factors that influence component-level responses to shock.
The document analyzes the potential for lead cracking in a TQFP32 package under vibration testing. A Solidworks simulation modeled the package and circuit board to determine major resonances and peak lead stresses. The simulation found a package resonance at 50kHz from lead frame and package bending. HALT testing was predicted to induce a peak lead stress of 65,000 psi, above the copper alloy's endurance limit of 20,000 psi, indicating a potential for fatigue cracking in the leads from the hammer blows.
A flexible coupling for torque transmission between misaligned shafts is proposed. Finite element stress analysis was used to estimate the life of a 0.2-0.3 inch coupling made of mild alloy steel with a 0.01 inch helical cut to manage shaft misalignment. The analysis applied torque loading and misalignment conditions to determine the stress loading and distortion over the expected range of service life.
This document discusses how to increase the natural frequency of a graphics card assembly to reduce vibration. It shows that doubling the weight by adding a stiff heatsink that also provides cooling doubled the natural frequency. The goals are to increase stiffness and decrease mass to raise the ratio of stiffness to mass. A base graphics card had a frequency of 16hz, adding a retention bracket raised it to 18hz, and incorporating an aluminum heatsink and fans increased the frequency to 32hz while doubling the weight.
Stiffening of a shock lab test chassisDon Blanchet
A document summarizes the testing of a lightweight chassis to reduce shock pulse deflection. The baseline perforated steel design resulted in a deflection of 9.46E-04 inches. Modifying the critical instrument mounting plate to be non-perforated reduced the deflection to 9.57E-05 inches, a 10 times reduction. Stress on the modified design was well below the yield point, indicating no damage is expected.
This document discusses cordwood discrete component electronic packaging used in the 1950s-1960s. Cordwood modules involved stacking electronic components vertically in a cylindrical housing using insulating standoffs, allowing for high packaging density. Early implementations like guidance electronics in missiles had very short service lives due to high vibration levels from tactical use. Modifications like adding mounting feet and spacers could significantly increase the first modal frequency and reduce stresses, resulting in an estimated service life of over 175 hours for applications like tactical jet fighters.
A finite element analysis was conducted to simulate the effects of Category 5 hurricane winds on a highway sign. The 3D solidworks model represented the steel construction and bolted connections to concrete supports. The FEA mesh and 200 mph steady wind loading predicted over 2 inches of permanent deformation and stress exceeding the steel yield point near the base of vertical supports, indicating failure. More advanced dynamic analysis was recommended to predict vibration from wind turbulence.
This document summarizes a finite element analysis of a 10-blade plastic fan design for JK Locowitz Aero Ltd. The analysis found the first resonance mode of the fan blades at 672.99 Hz, corresponding to a fan speed of around 42,000 RPM, well above the target design speed of 7,000 RPM. While there is a very low risk of resonance at the target speed, the document recommends initial prototypes be tested up to 10,000 RPM to establish a safety margin.
This document summarizes a study on bolt failures in a heavy steel lap shear joint. The goals were to evaluate grade 5 bolts currently in use, demonstrate sequential bolt failure, determine maximum load capacity, and calculate a safety factor for a heavy lift rigging fixture. Testing of an assembly with 8 bolts found failures at 2 bolts and 6000 lbs of load. Testing of an assembly with 6 bolts found failures at 4 bolts and 6000 lbs of load, indicating complete failure would occur at 3 tons of load. The document recommends stamping the plates with a maximum 1.5 ton load and changing to higher strength Grade 8 bolts to increase the bolt safety factor of 1.2 to an acceptable 1.5.
The document discusses using finite element simulation to model the structural design of the Santa Maria's wooden hull and frames. It details creating a CAD model from historical plans, meshing frame section #25, and running simulations applying 2 tons of lateral loading. The simulation found the oak frame experienced maximum stress of 7100 psi and deformation of 0.040 inches, while aluminum and steel alternatives had higher strengths but also higher weights. The conclusion is that modern metals provide significant design strength margins but at a large penalty in increased weight for this hull component.
The document describes a dual-level vibration isolation system designed to increase noise isolation for an RF electronics assembly. It aims to provide a low-cost solution that can be introduced into forward production to enhance electrical performance. Simulation results show the system uses a 2 degrees of freedom design with two levels of isolation via rubber chassis isolators and rubber grommet isolators. Frequency response plots indicate peak isolations of 135 Hz and 65 Hz across three input axes.
The document describes a nonlinear finite element analysis of an automotive CV joint rubber boot. The analysis used Solidworks Simulation 2017 to model the rubber material's incompressible behavior and applied torsion and tension loads. The 150,000 degree of freedom mesh predicted a maximum stress of 5,500 psi and deformation of 0.095 inch, exceeding the material's 3,000 psi tensile strength and indicating local tearing failure.
The document analyzes the stress on piston and connecting rod components from increasing the compression ratio on a small block V8 engine from 9:1 to 11:1. Finite element analysis showed that at a 9:1 ratio the maximum stress was 45,810 psi, while an 11:1 ratio would cause maximum stress of 105,400 psi, below the alloy steel safety factor of 90,000 psi. The conclusion is that increasing the ratio to 11:1 would likely cause cracking and failure of the connecting rod.
This document summarizes the nonlinear finite element analysis of a silicone rubber gasket conducted using Solidworks Simulation 2015. The analysis used nonlinear material properties and geometric nonlinearity to model the incompressible and bulging behavior of rubber under compression. The model was meshed and subjected to a 0.035 inch displacement in the -Z direction. The results showed a maximum displacement including sliding and buckling, and a maximum stress of 234 psi, which is below the material strength of 700-800 psi. Revision A changed the material to a 70 durometer silicone rubber.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing.
Mechatronics deals with robotics, control systems, and electro-mechanical systems.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
4. Mosca vol I -Fisica-Tipler-5ta-Edicion-Vol-1.pdf
Bga underfill cte mismatch
1. small Mosfet BGA Under fill
CTE induced stress
FEA Structural Evaluation
Don Blanchet
3B Associates
3 Jan 2005
2. • The FET package is a 3.1 x 3.1 mm Ball Grid Array with 36 solder
balls.
• The assumed process temperature excursion is +180C , through
the glass transition temperature of the under fill material.
• The solder is lead free , 96.5 Sn – 3.0 Ag – 0.5 Cu.
• The substrate is epoxy glass MLB construction.
• The under fill material is flexible and elastomeric for easy repair.
• The objective is to demonstrate the negative effect high
expansion under fills can have on the stress and fatigue failure of
small package BGA corner balls.
Assumptions & Objectives
10. Results – BGA solder deformation with under fill
(under fill not shown)
Corner balls are under the highest stress
primarily in tension
11. Results – under fill constrained acting like a fluid
Package is slightly concave up
Under fill bulges at edges , it is almost incompressible like a hydraulic fluid.
12. • The FET BGA’s with under fill are exposed to significantly more
solder ball stress than a design without under fill.
• The peak strain in the corner balls with under fill is approximately
10X the strain for the assembly without under fill.
• The trapped under fill acts much like a hydraulic fluid and exerts
high pressures as it expands.
• Variables:
– The primary variable is the mismatch between the under fill and
solder CTE’s in the z-axis.
• The under fill glass transition is one underlying cause
• The under fill incompressibility is another significant factor
– A secondary variable is the TCE mismatch between the BGA package
and the multilayer PWB.
Conclusions