Berlin
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The document provides a timeline of key events in the history and development of Berlin from 1443 to 1989. It traces the city's growth from a population of around 8,000 in the mid-15th century to over 400,000 by the early 19th century. Major events included the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, devastating losses during the Thirty Years' War, and the division of Berlin by the Berlin Wall in 1961 until its fall in 1989. Maps show the expansion and development of the city center over time.
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INTRODUCTION
COORDINATES - 23.22 ON 72.680 E ELEVATION - 265 feet (81 m)*
LOCATED 23 KM NORTH OF AHEMDABAD (FIN CAP. OF GUJARAT)
PLANNED IN 1960S BY, PRAKASH M APTE & H. K. MEWADA,
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AREA TOTAL 177KM2 ELEVATION : 8IM ( 266 FT)
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WINTER MAXIMUM - 29 C MINIMUM - 14°C
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• GANDHINAGAR GOT AN IDENTITY OF ITS OWN WHEN THE STATE OF MUMBAI WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO SEPARATE STATES OF GUJARAT AND MAHARASHTRA.
• IN THE BEGINNING, AHMEDABAD - A COMMERCIAL HUB OF GUJARAT WAS CHOSEN AS THE STATE CAPITAL AND IT WAS PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED ALONG THE LINE OF OTHER NEW STATE CAPITALS, PARTICULARLY CHANDIGARH
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INTRODUCTION
COORDINATES - 23.22 ON 72.680 E ELEVATION - 265 feet (81 m)*
LOCATED 23 KM NORTH OF AHEMDABAD (FIN CAP. OF GUJARAT)
PLANNED IN 1960S BY, PRAKASH M APTE & H. K. MEWADA,
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POPULATION (2011)
TOTAL: 206,167 DENSITY : 1,200/KM2
CLIMATE*
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WINTER MAXIMUM - 29 C MINIMUM - 14°C
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• THE CITY SITS ON THE BANKS OF THE SABARMATI RIVER, IN NORTH-CENTRALEAST GUJARAT
HISTORY
IN 1960, THE INDIAN STATE OF BOMBAY WAS SPLIT INTO TWO STATES, MAHARASHTRA AND GUJARAT LEAVING GUJARAT WITHOUT A CAPITAL CITY.
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• IT WAS LATER PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL CITY BE CONSTRUCTED FOR THE STATE.
• GANDHINAGAR GOT AN IDENTITY OF ITS OWN WHEN THE STATE OF MUMBAI WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO SEPARATE STATES OF GUJARAT AND MAHARASHTRA.
• IN THE BEGINNING, AHMEDABAD - A COMMERCIAL HUB OF GUJARAT WAS CHOSEN AS THE STATE CAPITAL AND IT WAS PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED ALONG THE LINE OF OTHER NEW STATE CAPITALS, PARTICULARLY CHANDIGARH
• THEREFORE TWO WELL-KNOWN INDIAN ARCHITECTS, H.K. MEWADA AND PRAKASH M. APTE (WHO WORKED AS BEGINNER FOR THE CHANDIGARH CITY) DESIGNED THE NEW STATE CAPITAL*
NAMED AFTER MAHATMA GANDHI THE FOUNDATION STONE OF THIS CITY WAS LAID ON 1965 AND IN 1971 THE CAPITAL WAS SHIFTED FROM AHMEDABAD TO GANDHINAGAR
PLANNING
• PLANNED AND IMPLEMENTED BETWEEN 1965-1970
• DETERMINATION TO MAKE GANDHINAGAR A PURELY INDIAN ENTERPRISE, PARTLY BECAUSE GUJARAT WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF GANDHI.
• TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A SEPARATE IDENTITY FOR THE NEW CITY THE SURROUNDING AREA OF ABOUT 39 VILLAGES WAS BROUGHT UNDER A PERIPHERY CONTROL ACT (AS IN CHANDIGARH)
• THE AREA LATER CONSTITUTED A SEPARATE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT OF GANDHINAGAR.
• THE CITY WAS PLANNED FOR A POPULATION OF 150,000 BUT CAN ACCOMMODATE DOUBLE THAT POPULATION WITH INCREASE IN THE FLOOR SPACE RATIO FROM 1 TO 2 IN THE AREAS RESERVED FOR PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT.
• THE RIVER BEING THE BORDER ON THE EAST, AND THE INDUSTRIAL AREA TO THE NORTH, THE MOST LOGICAL FUTURE PHYSICAL EXPANSION OF THE CITY WAS ENVISAGED TOWARDS THE NORTH-WEST
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1.2 town planning greek and roman culture
Necessity scope principles of Town Planning,
Present status of town planning in India,
Contribution of town planners in modern era,
Sir Patrick Geddes,
Sir Ebenezer Howard,
Clarence stein,
Sir Patrick Abercrombie,
Le Corbusier,
Campus planning
Case Studies of 10 campuses for an elective 'Campus Planning' in the final semester of B.arch
Copyrights reserved.
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George Town is the historic core area of Chennai that has experienced traffic congestion, poor infrastructure, and lack of land due to commercial activities and narrow streets. The Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority has undertaken several redevelopment strategies for George Town, including removing encroachments, shifting wholesale markets to Koyambedu to reduce congestion, and road widening projects while protecting heritage buildings. Lessons for redeveloping other congested areas include promoting mixed land use and improving infrastructure.
Brasilia city town planning
Brasilia is a planned city located in the center of Brazil that was designed to be the nation's capital. It was planned by Lúcio Costa with public buildings designed by Oscar Niemeyer. The city's layout is shaped like an airplane, with two main axes intersecting at a central plaza. The plan included superblocks for housing and wide open green spaces. Brasilia was acclaimed for its modernist architecture and utopian design, though it now faces issues with inefficient public transportation and lack of traditional communities as it has grown beyond its original planned population.
Planning concept of new delhi
New Delhi was designed in the early 20th century to serve as the capital of British-controlled India. It was designed by British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker in a grandiose colonial style inspired by Mughal architecture. Construction began in the 1920s on a symmetrical grid layout with wide boulevards, bisected by a central axis containing government buildings. Some of the most prominent architectural buildings included Rashtrapati Bhavan, the residence of the President of India, and the circular Parliament House, as well as Connaught Place, a commercial hub, and memorial structures like India Gate.
The Medieval Town
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city. These took many forms and varied widely in organization and makeup.
Communes were first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, thereafter becoming a widespread phenomenon. They had greater development in central-northern Italy, where they became city-states based on partial democracy. At the same time in Germany they became free cities, independent from local nobility.
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GARDEN CITY(garden city concept)
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
Daniel libeskind
Daniel Libeskind is an internationally renowned architect known for his deconstructivist designs. Three of his major projects are summarized:
1) The Run Run Shaw Creative Media Centre in Hong Kong features a crystalline nine-story building with asymmetrical windows and intersecting light bands to accommodate research laboratories and classrooms.
2) The Jewish Museum in Berlin consists of two buildings - an old baroque building and a new deconstructivist-style building connected by an underground passage. The new building's design incorporates the Holocaust into the city's history through its slanted corridors and voids.
3) The Frederic C. Hamilton Building of the Denver Art Museum addition features sharp geometric volumes inspired by the Rocky Mountains
Le corbusier in planning
This document discusses the work and urban planning concepts of architect Le Corbusier. It outlines his principle of planning, including the Ville Contemporaine and La Ville radieuse models which proposed centralized cities with strict zoning, abundant green space, and prioritization of vehicles. It also describes Le Corbusier's planning of Chandigarh, India and notes both praise for its architecture and landscaping, as well as criticism of his ideas for being monotonous and car-dependent with class-based housing separation.
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The Berlin Code
This document proposes transforming the area around the former Tegel Airport in Berlin, Germany into an "Urban Tech Republic" focused on developing and testing urban technologies. It notes Berlin's history of urban transformation and outlines plans to develop the 495 hectare site into areas for industrial production, living, education, and experimenting with technologies related to energy, mobility, water, ICT, and materials to support the development of smart cities. The goal is for Berlin TXL to be a hub connecting research, industry, and the city and a flagship project for urban technologies in Germany.
Culture, Creativity and Urban Development
1. The document discusses the concepts of creative cities and the role of culture and creativity in urban development. It explores definitions of creative cities and reasons why they have become popular.
2. Key thinkers like Richard Florida, Charles Landry, and others are discussed who have promoted the concepts of the creative city and creative class. Their definitions and theories are summarized.
3. Examples are given of creative cities in Europe like Berlin which has strongly embraced policies to develop its cultural industries and creative economy. Berlin's cultural assets and challenges in maintaining its status as a creative city are outlined.
Semantic 3D City Models with CityGML
Presentació realitzada pel Prof. Dr. Thomas H. Kolbe, de l'Institut für Geodäsie, Geoinformatik und Landmanagement de la Universitat Tècnica de Munic, el dia 22/01/2015 a l'ICGC
project analysis
The document provides information about the Sony Center in Berlin, Germany. It is located between two major tourist attractions in Berlin - the Berlin parliament building and the Brandenburg Gate. The Sony Center contains a mix of shops, restaurants, offices, museums, and entertainment venues. It has a central plaza area covered by a unique tent-like structure. The building aims to create a lively, sustainable environment for visitors through features like double-glazed skin, a central public space, and indoor/outdoor integration.
Berlin LSP : Urban Tech Republic
The site of the former Tegel Airport in Berlin will be redeveloped as an Urban Tech Republic (UTR) called Berlin TXL to serve as an experimental laboratory for developing urban technologies of the future. Entrepreneurs, students, scientists and industrialists will work together on ideas and designs for mobility solutions, renewable energy, water management, recycling, materials and information technologies to solve challenges facing cities. Berlin TXL's central location, existing infrastructure and proximity to universities and government make it well-suited to testing and commercializing technologies to improve sustainability and livability in cities worldwide.
Aldo rossi
Aldo Rossi was an influential Italian architect and designer known for achievements in theory, drawing, architecture, and product design. Some of his notable works include the San Cataldo Cemetery in Modena, Italy (1971), the Teatro Carlo Felice opera house in Genoa, Italy (1991), and the Bonnefanten Museum in Maastricht, Netherlands (1995). Rossi's theoretical book The Architecture of the City (1966) argued that architects should draw from historical precedents and the context of the urban/cultural environment. He received several prestigious awards including the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1990.
Open spaces
This document discusses open spaces, including what they are, different types, their functions and benefits. It provides examples of open space planning in the Philippines. Open spaces are lands that are not intensively developed and can include parks, forests, farms, and other undeveloped lands. They provide important social, environmental and economic benefits like recreation, wildlife habitat, improved air and water quality. The Philippines emphasizes conserving open spaces through laws and land use planning that designate various protected area types at national and local levels.
Urban berlin
The document announces an open call for projects to be included in an exhibition and events program called "Berlin Unlimited" taking place in Berlin in September 2014. It will explore Berlin through interdisciplinary works in arts/media, architecture/urban design, and theory/research. The program aims to reflect on how Berlin has been transformed through the 20th century in response to political and historical events. Berlin is described as a city of unlimited possibilities due to its history of disruption and abundant vacant spaces following reunification. The open call invites submissions that critically examine Berlin's past, present and future limits or lack thereof.
Urban square
Urban squares have historically served as important public gathering spaces, often located at crossroads of trade routes. They function to provide shelter from traffic and represent psychological parking areas within cities. Factors that influence squares include surrounding buildings, proportions, entrance angles and central features. Squares can take different forms such as closed spaces enclosed by uniform buildings, dominated squares oriented around a focal point, nuclear squares with a central monument, grouped squares that combine into a whole, and amorphous squares without coherent shape. Over time, squares may evolve as new structures are added or old ones changed or destroyed.
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The document summarizes the history of Berlin from its origins as a small town established on the Spree River in 1244 to its growth as the capital of Germany. It discusses Berlin's division after World War 2 into East and West Berlin under the control of the Soviet Union and Western Allies respectively, and its eventual reunification in 1990 after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Major events covered include the rule of the Hohenzollern dynasty that expanded Berlin's population and influence, its position as the capital of Prussia and later a unified German Empire, and its role in the center of the Cold War divide between East and West Germany until reunification.
Publication Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany located in northeastern Germany. It has a long history dating back to the 13th century when it was first documented. Over time it served as the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, and Nazi Germany. After World War 2, Berlin was divided between East and West, with East Berlin as capital of East Germany and West Berlin as an exclave surrounded by East Germany. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin again became the unified capital of all Germany. Berlin is now a major center of culture, politics, science, and industry in Europe.
History of Vienna - IFMIK
Presentation about history of Wien made by the learners of IFMIK Wien.
Eu Treasure Hunt Project.
IFMIK
Modern Western History
This document provides an overview of key events and topics in modern Western European history through a series of slides. It covers the history of many European countries from the 15th century onwards, including the major empires, conflicts, explorations, and political developments that shaped the region. It also includes maps, timelines, and links for further information on the various topics presented.
Modern Western History
This document provides an overview of Western European history from 400 BC to present day through a series of slides. It covers the major empires, rulers, conflicts, and developments in countries like France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and more. Key events summarized include the Renaissance in Italy, the French and Habsburg empires, the Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther, the British Empire and its colonies, and the world wars and postwar periods in Europe.
Berlin and its history
Berlin has a long history as the capital of Germany. It began as two small fishing villages on the River Spree in the 13th century and grew into one of Germany's richest cities by the 15th century. During the 18th century, many grand buildings were constructed, transforming the small settlements into an important port and trading center. Berlin became the official capital of a unified Germany in 1871. The city faced great destruction during World War 2 but was rebuilt after the war ended. Berlin was then divided by the Berlin Wall from 1961 to 1989 during the Cold War, separating East and West Berlin until the wall was torn down.
Berlin
Berlin has a long history as the capital of Germany. It began as two small fishing villages on the River Spree in the 13th century and grew into one of Germany's richest cities by the 15th century. During the 18th century, many grand buildings were constructed, transforming the small settlements into an important port and trading center. Berlin became the official capital of a unified Germany in 1871. The city faced great destruction during World War 2 but was rebuilt after the war ended. Berlin was then divided by the Berlin Wall from 1961 to 1989 during the Cold War, separating East and West Berlin until the wall was torn down.
Industrial society
1) The landed aristocracy in Britain declined as an economic force from 1850 to 1914 as industrialists rose to prominence. Some aristocrats invested in industry to remain wealthy.
2) During the industrial era, society stratified into social classes including the bourgeoisie, working proletariat, and landed aristocracy. Living and working conditions improved for workers after 1850 but inequality remained.
3) Rapid urbanization in Europe from 1800-1914 saw populations shift from rural to urban areas, straining infrastructure and living standards until public health reforms in the late 1800s.
Europe in the second half of the 19th century
The document summarizes key events in Europe in the second half of the 19th century, including the unifications of Italy and Germany and the rise of colonialism. It describes how Napoleon III supported Italian unification against Austria and fought Prussia, contributing to German unification. It outlines the roles of Cavour, Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel II in creating the Kingdom of Italy. It also discusses Bismarck's manipulation of conflicts that led to the defeat of Denmark, Austria and France and the establishment of a unified German Empire under Wilhelm I. Finally, it provides context on the scramble for African colonies by European powers and the consequences of colonial rule.
Nationalism in Europe
It is a breif described power point presentation on Nationalism in Europe.
Please like it, share it.
For more ppt contact me on 8763186139
8 Austerity Withdraw From Empire
The document discusses post-World War 2 Europe, specifically the economic devastation in Britain and challenges facing the British Empire as it withdrew from colonies. It also covers France clinging to its empire in the face of growing nationalist movements. The Marshall Plan provided billions in aid to revive Western European economies and stabilize their political systems, countering Soviet influence. However, Britain squandered opportunities seeking to maintain great power status. The 1956 Suez Crisis marked the end of British and French dominance in the Middle East.
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE (1910 1920) globally
The document summarizes architectural styles and movements between 1910-1920. It describes the impact of industrialization on architecture, including the use of new building materials like steel and glass. Modern styles like Prairie Style, Bungalows, and Modernism emerged during this period. Significant architects included Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Sullivan, and Walter Gropius. New building types arose to meet the needs of urbanization, like apartments, offices, and cinemas. The period was also influenced by World Wars, immigration, and social reforms of the Progressive Era.
Tema 6
The document discusses the Restoration period in Europe following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. It describes how the Congress of Vienna led to the restoration of monarchies across Europe and changes to European borders. Two alliances, the Holy Alliance and Quadruple Alliance, were formed to enforce the agreements made at the Congress of Vienna and support the restored monarchies.
Belgian Refugees Wales for Peace Lecture by Christophe Declercq, Feb 2016
In Feb 2016, WCIA‘s Wales for Peace project in partnership with the David Davies Memorial Institute at Aberystwyth University launched a call to gather together ‘hidden histories’ of over 4,500 Belgian Refugees for whom Wales became home and sanctuary through the First World War – stimulated by a public lecture by Christophe Declercq, one of the UK’s leading experts on the topic from UCL and the Amsab Institute / University of Ghent, and UK liaison of Belgian Refugees 1914-18.
'Refugees and Sanctuary' is one of 6 themes being explored by volunteers and partners working with WCIA (funded by HLF) to capture Wales' 'peace heritage' - exploring how Welsh people have contributed to the search for peace in the 100 years since WW1, up to today's 'Nation of Sanctuary' movement.
More information:
http://www.wcia.org.uk/wfp/theme_refugeesandsanctuary.html
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The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the reunification of East and West Germany after decades of division following World War II. The wall was originally constructed in 1961 by East Germany to prevent mass emigration to the west. Its fall was precipitated by growing civil unrest in East Germany and a miscommunication by an East German official that travel restrictions would be eased. Thousands of East Germans flooded checkpoints and began dismantling the wall. Germany was officially reunified on October 3, 1990, ending over 40 years of separation. Today, Germany is a powerful democratic nation and economic powerhouse.
Restoration, liberalism and nationalism
The document discusses the political developments in Europe between 1815-1870, including the Restoration period after Napoleon's defeat and the rise of liberalism, nationalism, and democracy. It describes how the Congress of Vienna redrew borders and established absolute monarchies across Europe, leading to nationalist revolts and liberal revolutions in the 1820s-1830s that overthrew many monarchs and established constitutional monarchies. Finally, it examines how liberal and nationalist ideologies drove the unification of both Italy and Germany in this period through both political and military means.
Restoration, liberalism and nationalism
The document discusses the political developments in Europe between 1815-1870, including the Restoration period after Napoleon's defeat and the rise of liberalism, nationalism, and democracy. It describes how the Congress of Vienna redrew borders and established absolute monarchies across Europe. It also examines the reign of Fernando VII in Spain and the revolutions of the 1820s-1840s that established constitutional monarchies and helped unify Italy and Germany.
445 german expressionism
slide 30 --Hitler comes into power
slides 34-49--the Die Brücke movement
slides 50-67-- the Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) movement --Wassily Kandinsky/Franz Marc/Paul Klee
slides 68-96--Expressionism (Otto Dix, George Grosz**, Kathe Kollowitz)
slide 97--Weimar Years begin
slide 100 -- Ernst von Wolzogen --founded 1st cabaret in Berlin in 1901**
slides 102-109-- Grosz-Metropolis and the German word Kabarett**
slides 116-130--Anita Berber**
slides 134 - 168 -- more on Expressionist and Anti-Expressionist art, Grosz, Kirchner, the spirit of the Weimar Years, Fritz Lang's Metropolis
**I find that George Grosz and Anita Berber are particularly relevant to our show!
22geragr
The document discusses the emancipation of peasants and agricultural modernization in Germany from 1815 to 1914. It focuses on two key models that help explain the development of serfdom in eastern Germany. The commercial model argues that growing urbanization and demand for grain led landlords to consolidate lands and impose serfdom to profit from large grain estates. The inflation model posits that as fixed rents lost value due to inflation, landlords shifted to exploiting domain lands directly using servile labor to recapture economic rents. The document analyzes these models and their application to different regions of eastern Germany.
22geragr
The document discusses the emancipation of peasants and agricultural modernization in Germany from 1815 to 1914. It focuses on two key areas - west and east of the Elbe River. In the west, small peasant tenancies predominated, while large estates with serfdom were more common in the east. The document examines how industrialization and population growth in the 16th-17th centuries led landlords in the east to impose serfdom on formerly free peasants in order to profit from grain production for European markets and recapture rising economic rents amid inflation. This transition from peasant rents to exploitation of servile labor on estates helped fuel German economic development.
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The document provides information on the vernacular architecture of North-East India, focusing on the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Nagaland. It describes the traditional construction materials and styles used by tribes in each state. The Adi and Nyishi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh typically build wooden or bamboo houses raised on stilts, with thatched roofs. In Assam, bamboo is widely used and houses have higher plinth levels. The Sema tribe in Nagaland traditionally builds villages on hilltops, using timber, bamboo, and thatch in construction.
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The document discusses different climate types and their key characteristics:
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The document provides information about the city of Rourkela in India. It discusses the history, physical setting, planning, land use, development plan, demographic profile, economic profile, infrastructure, housing, administrative and environmental profiles of Rourkela. Some key points are: Rourkela is an important commercial center in Odisha and is home to one of India's largest steel plants; the city was planned in the 1950s around the newly established steel plant and township; it has since grown significantly and a master plan was developed to accommodate additional population; current population is over 270,000 people with literacy rates around 87%; the economy depends heavily on the secondary sector including steel production.
Light Transmitting concrete
This document summarizes the key aspects of translucent concrete, also known as light transmitting concrete or LitraCon. It was first developed in 2003 by Hungarian architect Aron Losonzi. The concrete becomes translucent through the uniform distribution of thin optical fibers throughout the material. As light passes through the fibers, it is transmitted across the concrete through the process of total internal reflection. The manufacturing process involves casting thousands of parallel optical fibers directly into the concrete mixture. This allows light to pass through the material while maintaining its compressive strength. Some applications of translucent concrete include illuminated sidewalks, building walls, and stairwells.
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Berlin
- 3. TIMELINE •1443 to 1451: The first berliner stadtschloss was built on the embankment of the river spree. Berlin-cölln had about 8,000 inhabitants. Population figures rose fast, leading to poverty. •1540: Joachim II introduced the Protestant Reformation in Brandenburg and secularized church possessions. •1576: Bubonic plague killed about 6,000 people in the city. •1600: Berlin-Cölln had 12,000 inhabitants. •1618 to 1648: The Thirty Years' War had devastating consequences for Berlin. A third of the houses were damaged, and the city lost half of its population. •1688: The Friedrichstadt was built and settled. •1700: Many refugees from Bohemia, Poland, and Salzburg had arrived. •1740: Frederick the Great (Frederick II) began his 46-year reign.
- 4. TIMELINE •1806: French troops marched into Berlin. Berlin was granted self-government and a far reaching military reform was started. •1814: The population grew from 200,000 to 400,000 in the first half of the 19th century, making Berlin the fourth-largest city in Europe. •1815: Battle of Waterloo. Berlin becomes part of the Province of Brandenburg. •1827: Berlin is the capital of the Province of Brandenburg from 1827-1843. •1848: As in other European cities, 1848 was a revolutionary year in Berlin. Frederick William IV (1840– 1861) managed to suppress the revolution. One of his reactions was to raise the income condition to partake in the elections. •1914: The First World War. Economic breakdown. •1920: Great Berlin Act
- 5. TIMELINE •1922: The Treaty of Versailles •1940: The Second World War. •1945: The Battle of Berlin. Destruction of buildings and infrastructure was nearly total in parts of the inner city business and residential sectors. The outlying sections suffered relatively little damage. This averages to one fifth of all buildings, and 50% in the inner city. •1945: Soviets destroyed the East Germany by dismantling its industries, roads, railways. This also continued in the west. •1949: West Germany, formed on 23 May 1949 from the American, British, and French zones. •1961: Berlin Wall built by East Berlin overnight. •1989: Fall of Berlin Wall.
- 7. Before1920
- 19. PresentMap
- 21. PATHSandNODES
- 22. EDGEOFTHECITY
- 23. DISTRICTS
- 24. DISTRICTS
- 25. DISTRICTS
- 26. DISTRICTS
- 27. DISTRICTS
- 28. DISTRICTS
- 29. DISTRICTS
- 30. DISTRICTS
- 31. DISTRICTS
- 32. DISTRICTS
- 33. DISTRICTS
- 36. LANDMARKS
- 41. THEREICHSTAG
- 42. Berlin,StadtEntwicklung, Berliner Plane 1862-1994 REFERENCES
Editor's Notes
- Image shows remaining free areas that were in accordance with the respective construction class can be built , to Ermittlun these are flat slle areas that the BZP 25 were summarized by building classes identifies . The thoroughfares are to BZP 25 part of building your family . Not corre are water flat and free flat permanent forest and . on this basis , the beauung around 1920 , before in - force - contact of BZP 25 ( orange ) and around 1945 , the date on which new
- Model of the "World Capital City Germania," Built According to Plans by Albert Speer (1939) In accordance with the dominant position he sought for Germany, Hitler decided to transform Berlin into a new "world capital" on the ancient model. Since the new capital was to be the center of a greater German world empire, Hitler even considered renaming Berlin "Germania." Albert Speer (1905-1981) was chosen as the architect of the new city. After 1933, Speer had quickly become Hitler's favorite architect and had been commissioned to design numerous representative buildings for the Nazi regime in the neoclassical style. In 1937, he was appointed General Building Inspector and was charged with redesigning Berlin and other German cities. His plan for Berlin included two broad traffic arteries on the north-south and east-west axes; the two were to intersect at the Reich Chancellery. The most important component of the "Germania model" was the "Hall of Fame" (also called the "Great Hall" or the "Hall of the People"). It was to be built at the bend in the Spree River, at the north end of the north-south axis (photo: top edge, center). This monumental, domed building of granite and marble was supposed to function as an assembly hall and “place of worship” for the Nazi cult. Had it been built, it would have been able to accommodate as many as 180,000 people, and its dome would have been the largest in the world. The implementation of Speer's plan would have resulted in the complete destruction of the organic structure of Berlin, since it would have required the razing of many buildings and the rerouting of many streets. Work was halted in the spring of 1943 on account of the military situation. (In the meantime, Speer had also been appointed Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production.) Today, some remnants of Nazi architecture can still be seen in Berlin, including the Olympic Stadium and Tempelhof Airport.