This document provides an introduction to sport for development and peacebuilding. It discusses how sport can be used intentionally to achieve development and peace objectives, including the Millennium Development Goals. Sport has the power to inspire hope, unite people across divides, and bring down racial barriers. When used for development and peace, sport refers to activities that precede and follow formal peace accords to transform conflict into more sustainable, peaceful relationships through addressing issues at multiple levels of society.
Sports and Conflict Prevention; the Way Forward For Global PeaceIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper discussed sports and conflict prevention by looking at the way forward for global peace.
Generally conflict is defined as a state of disagreement between persons or group of persons. The major causes
are usually differences in opinion, prejudice and discrimination, belief, and access to valued scarce resources.
Conflict is an important part of human existence and a natural part of our daily life. Conflict can either be
positive or negative depending on how it is handled. Conflict can emanate from various sources, within us,
school, home and community or the society at large. Achieving global peace means creating peace within
individuals, communities and the society. Sports as a veritable tool for social transformation can be effectively
utilized to achieve a certain level of peace among individuals and nations. This paper focused on the possibility
of utilizing the values of sports in creating understanding, tolerance, and respect for human dignity,
development of moral values and social integration as a vehicle for creating peace among nations. If nations
can achieve these qualities, then conflict can be minimized and global peace can be guaranteed. The influence
of sports on character formation and social cohesion has direct bearing on peaceful attitudes. The development
of emotional fitness, self-esteem, need for recognition, sense of belonging and feelings of anger, hostility and
aggression are all met through participation in competitive sports. The sports environment starting with the
athletes, coaches, umpires, spectators and vendors should all portray peace and act in a manner the peace can
prevail. To prevent conflict and achieve global peace, sport managers, handlers and enthusiasts must develop
the capacity to detect conflicting situations among nations and develop strategies in sports to deal with before it
erupts.
This document summarizes Direct Relief's operations and accountability measures. It discusses how Direct Relief selects and supports healthcare partners in over 60 countries, providing over $100 million in medical aid annually. It also describes Direct Relief's programs to support safety net clinics in the US, including over $40 million in medicines provided to uninsured Americans. Direct Relief works with hundreds of corporate donors and volunteers to strengthen healthcare infrastructure globally and ensure resources are used efficiently and effectively.
This document outlines a conceptual framework for how sport can contribute to peacebuilding following conflict or war. It argues that sport facilitates peacebuilding by fostering human development at both the individual and collective levels. At the individual level, it promotes well-being and helps heal trauma by providing recreation and catharsis. At the collective level, it can rebuild communities and promote reconciliation by creating social networks that break down divisions between groups. However, the document notes most existing sport for peacebuilding programs have shortcomings like not adequately including women, girls, disabled individuals or measuring long-term impact.
Our responsibility to the seventh generation indigenous peoples and sustain...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes an report from 1992 titled "Our Responsibility to The Seventh Generation: Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development". The report discusses indigenous perspectives on sustainability and their relationship with the environment, how traditional indigenous economies have been disrupted by integration into the global economy, and the importance of indigenous knowledge and culture for sustainable development. It calls for policies that protect traditional indigenous ways of life, promote indigenous knowledge, support healing programs, cultural education, and economic self-reliance to empower indigenous communities.
Role of religion in peace and conflict by SHAMS MARRI NUML ISLAMABADShamsUDin7
1. The document discusses the complex relationship between religion and conflict/violence. While religion can sometimes play a role in escalating tensions, there is no single cause and many other factors are usually involved.
2. It explores how religious actors and leaders can also help prevent and resolve conflicts by promoting ethical values, peacebuilding, dialogue, and supporting moderate voices.
3. Several ways are proposed for strengthening the positive role of religion, such as supporting religious education focused on peaceful teachings, empowering grassroots faith-based organizations, and ensuring religious leaders have sufficient resources for reconciliation work.
"Mahatma Gandhi Prize for Nonviolent Peace" Awarded to HWPL Chairman
Northeast Asian Leaders to Cooperate for Alliance of Religions and Peace: A Korea-China-Japan Trilateral Religious Leaders’ Peace Conference
World Alliance of Religions’ Peace Summit (WARP)
- WARP SUMMIT 2014, Declares the beginning of the era of peace
- 1st Annual Commemoration of WARP SUMMIT 2015, Advocates legal mechanism for cessation of war and achievement of peace
- 2nd Annual Commemoration of WARP SUMMIT 2016, Seeks one more step forward to the way to peace
DPCW Article IV - State boundaries
Conflict is inevitable in any society. Unfortunately, there have been religious dimensions to conflict otherwise referred to as religious conflict. This kind of conflict is incessant in Nigeria. Some strategies have been explored to tackle these conflicts. This paper examines these strategies. It is discovered that while some of these strategies are working, some are not as effective as they supposed to be. A major aspect of the paper is a reflection and suggestions on other possible strategies that can be used to resolve religious conflicts in Nigeria.
The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, or DE SA, helps countries around the world meet their economic, social and environmental challenges. It operates within a framework of internationally agreed upon goals known as the UN development agenda: a shared vision of human progress rooted in the values of freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, respect for nature and mutual responsibility.
Sports and Conflict Prevention; the Way Forward For Global PeaceIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper discussed sports and conflict prevention by looking at the way forward for global peace.
Generally conflict is defined as a state of disagreement between persons or group of persons. The major causes
are usually differences in opinion, prejudice and discrimination, belief, and access to valued scarce resources.
Conflict is an important part of human existence and a natural part of our daily life. Conflict can either be
positive or negative depending on how it is handled. Conflict can emanate from various sources, within us,
school, home and community or the society at large. Achieving global peace means creating peace within
individuals, communities and the society. Sports as a veritable tool for social transformation can be effectively
utilized to achieve a certain level of peace among individuals and nations. This paper focused on the possibility
of utilizing the values of sports in creating understanding, tolerance, and respect for human dignity,
development of moral values and social integration as a vehicle for creating peace among nations. If nations
can achieve these qualities, then conflict can be minimized and global peace can be guaranteed. The influence
of sports on character formation and social cohesion has direct bearing on peaceful attitudes. The development
of emotional fitness, self-esteem, need for recognition, sense of belonging and feelings of anger, hostility and
aggression are all met through participation in competitive sports. The sports environment starting with the
athletes, coaches, umpires, spectators and vendors should all portray peace and act in a manner the peace can
prevail. To prevent conflict and achieve global peace, sport managers, handlers and enthusiasts must develop
the capacity to detect conflicting situations among nations and develop strategies in sports to deal with before it
erupts.
This document summarizes Direct Relief's operations and accountability measures. It discusses how Direct Relief selects and supports healthcare partners in over 60 countries, providing over $100 million in medical aid annually. It also describes Direct Relief's programs to support safety net clinics in the US, including over $40 million in medicines provided to uninsured Americans. Direct Relief works with hundreds of corporate donors and volunteers to strengthen healthcare infrastructure globally and ensure resources are used efficiently and effectively.
This document outlines a conceptual framework for how sport can contribute to peacebuilding following conflict or war. It argues that sport facilitates peacebuilding by fostering human development at both the individual and collective levels. At the individual level, it promotes well-being and helps heal trauma by providing recreation and catharsis. At the collective level, it can rebuild communities and promote reconciliation by creating social networks that break down divisions between groups. However, the document notes most existing sport for peacebuilding programs have shortcomings like not adequately including women, girls, disabled individuals or measuring long-term impact.
Our responsibility to the seventh generation indigenous peoples and sustain...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes an report from 1992 titled "Our Responsibility to The Seventh Generation: Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development". The report discusses indigenous perspectives on sustainability and their relationship with the environment, how traditional indigenous economies have been disrupted by integration into the global economy, and the importance of indigenous knowledge and culture for sustainable development. It calls for policies that protect traditional indigenous ways of life, promote indigenous knowledge, support healing programs, cultural education, and economic self-reliance to empower indigenous communities.
Role of religion in peace and conflict by SHAMS MARRI NUML ISLAMABADShamsUDin7
1. The document discusses the complex relationship between religion and conflict/violence. While religion can sometimes play a role in escalating tensions, there is no single cause and many other factors are usually involved.
2. It explores how religious actors and leaders can also help prevent and resolve conflicts by promoting ethical values, peacebuilding, dialogue, and supporting moderate voices.
3. Several ways are proposed for strengthening the positive role of religion, such as supporting religious education focused on peaceful teachings, empowering grassroots faith-based organizations, and ensuring religious leaders have sufficient resources for reconciliation work.
"Mahatma Gandhi Prize for Nonviolent Peace" Awarded to HWPL Chairman
Northeast Asian Leaders to Cooperate for Alliance of Religions and Peace: A Korea-China-Japan Trilateral Religious Leaders’ Peace Conference
World Alliance of Religions’ Peace Summit (WARP)
- WARP SUMMIT 2014, Declares the beginning of the era of peace
- 1st Annual Commemoration of WARP SUMMIT 2015, Advocates legal mechanism for cessation of war and achievement of peace
- 2nd Annual Commemoration of WARP SUMMIT 2016, Seeks one more step forward to the way to peace
DPCW Article IV - State boundaries
Conflict is inevitable in any society. Unfortunately, there have been religious dimensions to conflict otherwise referred to as religious conflict. This kind of conflict is incessant in Nigeria. Some strategies have been explored to tackle these conflicts. This paper examines these strategies. It is discovered that while some of these strategies are working, some are not as effective as they supposed to be. A major aspect of the paper is a reflection and suggestions on other possible strategies that can be used to resolve religious conflicts in Nigeria.
The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, or DE SA, helps countries around the world meet their economic, social and environmental challenges. It operates within a framework of internationally agreed upon goals known as the UN development agenda: a shared vision of human progress rooted in the values of freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, respect for nature and mutual responsibility.
Building Peace among Youth through Training-A Proposal for Programing by muna...Munas Kalden
This project aims to promote social cohesion among youth in four villages in Ampara District, Sri Lanka through skill development training. Over an 8 month period, unemployed youth from the villages, including Tamils, Muslims, and Sinhalese, will participate in driving lessons and other joint activities to strengthen relationships across ethnic lines. The project aims to reduce tensions by providing opportunities for meaningful interaction among youth and empowering them with skills for employment. A pilot intervention is budgeted at LKR 1,467,900 to test this community-driven approach to building social ties and trust between communities.
Breaking down the best practices for the planning and operation of legacy sit...Daniel Eyde
A review of operational issues for legacy mine sites, and the use of natural zeolite ion exchange and sorbent medias as part of an effective water treatment system. Typical problems addressed are acid mine drainage, contamination by organics, heavy metals and radionuclides.
Teaching for Peace, Renewing the Spirit - TESOL 2014Cheryl Woelk
Educators can be re-energized through innovating new meaning and purpose by working with a team to integrate research in peacebuilding and English language teaching. This presentation describes a small group of Christian language educators who were renewed through collective reflective practice and research on infusing peacebuilding theory and practice into their teaching. A conceptual framework and practical suggestions for encouraging educators interested in integrating peacebuilding into their work as language teachers will be provided.
The document provides guidance on creating a business plan, outlining its key components: an executive summary, business description, product/service description, market and competitive analyses, and three financial statements (income statement, cash flow statement, and balance sheet). The executive summary introduces the business and its goals. Subsequent sections describe the industry, product, customers, sales strategy, and finances to evaluate viability. Financial statements project profit/loss, cash needs, and assets/liabilities over time. The planning process establishes a path for business success.
This document discusses engaging teachers in peacebuilding efforts in post-conflict contexts. It outlines that the 2015-2030 global education agenda will focus on quality education and teachers. Teachers are seen as key agents that can help rebuild societies after crises and conflicts through their roles in classrooms and communities. The document proposes researching how education interventions focused on teachers can promote peace, reduce violence, and make peacebuilding programs more effective in conflict-affected areas. It identifies several dimensions this research could analyze, such as teacher training, governance, and curriculum.
The document discusses school climate and culture. It defines school culture as the shared values and beliefs that give a school its identity and influence student behavior. School climate reflects the physical and psychological aspects of the school environment and how conducive it is to teaching and learning. The key components that shape both culture and climate include the physical environment, social interactions, leadership, and relationships within the community. Maintaining a positive school culture and climate can benefit students academically and with their mental health and behavior.
Obstacles and opportunities for effective life-of-mine (closure) _ AusIMM Bul...Bruce McCarthy
The document discusses obstacles and opportunities for effective life-of-mine closure planning. It notes that current practices often do not adequately plan or budget for closure outcomes. It advocates starting closure planning at the feasibility stage to determine true project viability and mitigate legacy risks. The "Domains Concept" developed at Red Dome Gold Mine divided a mine site into spatial units to facilitate detailed and costed closure planning within a life-of-mine business plan. Incorporating robust closure cost estimates into reserve statements could help determine real project viability and lead to more sustainable mining outcomes.
Presented at the SME Annual Conference, February 16 2015. Over the past few decades, mines have increasingly included closure early in the planning process. Environmental goals may be reasonably clear, even prescriptive. Sites that came into operation before the modern era, though, don’t have the benefit of early planning for closure. Goals often aren’t set until late in the mine life, perhaps decades after operations cease in many cases. What are the acceptable goals for those sites? What can we achieve, then sustain over the long term? Answers to these questions form very site-specific goals for closure at each legacy site.
The document discusses rehabilitation of open pit mines in the Philippines. It covers the adverse environmental and social impacts of open pit mining, Philippine policies requiring rehabilitation, state-of-the-art rehabilitation practices, and challenges for Philippine mines. The key challenges are ensuring open pits and pit lakes do not become long-term liabilities and developing them for beneficial end uses through collaborative government-industry efforts.
The document discusses different domains of learning including cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. It also mentions the roles of counselor, teacher, and facilitator in motivating and assisting learners. To be effective, teachers should lead by example and motivate students to listen, participate, and understand lessons.
This document is a report from the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development and Peace. The report analyzes how sport can contribute to achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals. It provides an overview of how UN programs are increasingly using sport as a tool for development and peace. The report finds that well-designed sport initiatives are practical and cost-effective tools to achieve development and peace objectives. It recommends that sport be better integrated into the development agenda and that UN agencies incorporate sport-based programs where appropriate.
Sport as a tool for development and peace towards achieving the un mdgDr Lendy Spires
This document is a report from the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on using sport to promote development and peace. It finds that sport can effectively support achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals through impacts on health, education, sustainable development, peace, communication, and partnerships. The report recommends mainstreaming and increasing support for sport programs within UN agencies and among governments. It emphasizes partnerships as the most effective way to implement sport for development and peace initiatives.
This document discusses how sports can promote peace. It outlines how sports build community and friendship, develop important life skills, encourage healthy lifestyles, and serve as a platform to advocate for important issues. The document also explains how the Universal Peace Federation supports using sports to bring people together and promote international cooperation and development.
The document discusses the use of sports in reconciliation efforts after post-election violence in Kenya in 2008. It describes different approaches used, including single events, sport leagues, and incorporating sports into wider projects. An evaluation found that a sports-based child protection project helped youth heal from trauma and improve social integration. The document recommends best practices for using sports to transform conflicts and rebuild relationships, such as understanding local contexts and promoting inclusion and fair play.
Sociology, Sports Sociology and Human Resource DevelopmentIOSR Journals
This document discusses sociology, sports sociology, and how sports can be used for human resource development. It begins by defining sociology as the study of human social behavior and interaction. Sports sociology is described as a sub-discipline that examines the relationship between sports and society. The document then argues that sports play an important role in human resource development by building capabilities like health, knowledge, and community participation. It provides examples of skills and values learned through sports like cooperation, fairness, respect, and problem solving. In conclusion, the document states that sports can communicate important messages of peace while bringing people together across divisions.
STUDY OF SPORTS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRYectijjournal
The emergence of the sports phenomenon is closely related to the process of communication. Sport is a
social phenomenon that accomplishes a variety of tasks. The integrity and popularity of sport guide the
birth and development of the sports industry which unites all human activities. The sports industry changes
with changing social and technological developments. The aim is to meet the needs of society at various
levels (personal, group, social, national and international). Sport helps solve personal growth tasks.
Analysis of the basic elements of sport and the sports industry makes it possible to assess their importance
and determine the stages of development of the sports industry. Sport phenomena and related fields require
in-depth research, including seemingly unrelated fields (e.g. education, physiology, psychology, law,
economics, culture, technology), sport. Visualization in this case is used as a variable that is represented
by various screens including; Observe all phenomena in the world of sport, including communication,
industry, behavior and interpersonal patterns. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative
method. Another qualitative research tool in this study is data collection through observation and research
on the subject. Reality shows that today's global social changes cause changes in values and goals in
sports. Sport has changed from just a physical activity to become an integral part of modern life in today's
society. Changes in sport content and goals lead to a growing relationship with the creative process, which
encourages greater integration between the creative fields and sport.
Sports as an_activity_my_favorite_from_barunBarun Sharma
Sports can be an easy way to start communication and build connections with others. It provides a common talking point and can act as an icebreaker. Sports also promote team bonding and integrating people from different nations by creating a friendly environment. Participating in sports teaches valuable life lessons like teamwork that stay with you long after you've played. Sports also provide significant social, health, and economic benefits by promoting social ties, employment, and community engagement. Corporate social responsibility events that use sports can effectively raise awareness and funds for important social issues on a global scale.
This document discusses how sports can be used to promote peace. It notes that sports have the power to unite people around a collective cause and foster hope and trust. The UN Deputy Secretary-General believes sports can help build a better future for all. The International Day of Sport for Development and Peace recognizes how sports and physical activity can strengthen communities. Sports have the power to promote sustainable development, peace, solidarity and respect between all people. The document also discusses how the relationship between sports and climate change must be better understood so sports can help communicate and take action to reverse climate impacts.
This document discusses how sport for development and peace initiatives can benefit from a more structured global and multi-disciplinary approach. It notes that there is growing interest from various sectors in using sport as a tool for development goals and humanitarian efforts. However, current approaches tend to be practical with less connection to academia. There is a need for more research, monitoring, and evaluation of initiatives to demonstrate their impact and effectiveness in reaching development objectives. Stronger collaboration between practitioners, academics, and other experts from different fields could help create more sustainable and funded programs.
This document is a report on the International Year of Sport and Physical Education in 2005. It begins with introductory messages from Kofi Annan and Adolf Ogi on the importance and goals of the year. It then provides a table of contents outlining the various sections and chapters of the report, which cover topics like the role of sport in education, health, development, and peace. The report also recognizes activities from different world regions and outlines partner organizations involved in the year's efforts.
This document discusses the role of sports in achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It analyzes how specific SDG targets relate to sports and outlines the health, social, economic, and environmental benefits of participating in sports. The document also discusses strategies for using sports to promote gender equality, combat discrimination, improve urban planning, and align sports and public health policies to more effectively achieve the SDGs.
Building Peace among Youth through Training-A Proposal for Programing by muna...Munas Kalden
This project aims to promote social cohesion among youth in four villages in Ampara District, Sri Lanka through skill development training. Over an 8 month period, unemployed youth from the villages, including Tamils, Muslims, and Sinhalese, will participate in driving lessons and other joint activities to strengthen relationships across ethnic lines. The project aims to reduce tensions by providing opportunities for meaningful interaction among youth and empowering them with skills for employment. A pilot intervention is budgeted at LKR 1,467,900 to test this community-driven approach to building social ties and trust between communities.
Breaking down the best practices for the planning and operation of legacy sit...Daniel Eyde
A review of operational issues for legacy mine sites, and the use of natural zeolite ion exchange and sorbent medias as part of an effective water treatment system. Typical problems addressed are acid mine drainage, contamination by organics, heavy metals and radionuclides.
Teaching for Peace, Renewing the Spirit - TESOL 2014Cheryl Woelk
Educators can be re-energized through innovating new meaning and purpose by working with a team to integrate research in peacebuilding and English language teaching. This presentation describes a small group of Christian language educators who were renewed through collective reflective practice and research on infusing peacebuilding theory and practice into their teaching. A conceptual framework and practical suggestions for encouraging educators interested in integrating peacebuilding into their work as language teachers will be provided.
The document provides guidance on creating a business plan, outlining its key components: an executive summary, business description, product/service description, market and competitive analyses, and three financial statements (income statement, cash flow statement, and balance sheet). The executive summary introduces the business and its goals. Subsequent sections describe the industry, product, customers, sales strategy, and finances to evaluate viability. Financial statements project profit/loss, cash needs, and assets/liabilities over time. The planning process establishes a path for business success.
This document discusses engaging teachers in peacebuilding efforts in post-conflict contexts. It outlines that the 2015-2030 global education agenda will focus on quality education and teachers. Teachers are seen as key agents that can help rebuild societies after crises and conflicts through their roles in classrooms and communities. The document proposes researching how education interventions focused on teachers can promote peace, reduce violence, and make peacebuilding programs more effective in conflict-affected areas. It identifies several dimensions this research could analyze, such as teacher training, governance, and curriculum.
The document discusses school climate and culture. It defines school culture as the shared values and beliefs that give a school its identity and influence student behavior. School climate reflects the physical and psychological aspects of the school environment and how conducive it is to teaching and learning. The key components that shape both culture and climate include the physical environment, social interactions, leadership, and relationships within the community. Maintaining a positive school culture and climate can benefit students academically and with their mental health and behavior.
Obstacles and opportunities for effective life-of-mine (closure) _ AusIMM Bul...Bruce McCarthy
The document discusses obstacles and opportunities for effective life-of-mine closure planning. It notes that current practices often do not adequately plan or budget for closure outcomes. It advocates starting closure planning at the feasibility stage to determine true project viability and mitigate legacy risks. The "Domains Concept" developed at Red Dome Gold Mine divided a mine site into spatial units to facilitate detailed and costed closure planning within a life-of-mine business plan. Incorporating robust closure cost estimates into reserve statements could help determine real project viability and lead to more sustainable mining outcomes.
Presented at the SME Annual Conference, February 16 2015. Over the past few decades, mines have increasingly included closure early in the planning process. Environmental goals may be reasonably clear, even prescriptive. Sites that came into operation before the modern era, though, don’t have the benefit of early planning for closure. Goals often aren’t set until late in the mine life, perhaps decades after operations cease in many cases. What are the acceptable goals for those sites? What can we achieve, then sustain over the long term? Answers to these questions form very site-specific goals for closure at each legacy site.
The document discusses rehabilitation of open pit mines in the Philippines. It covers the adverse environmental and social impacts of open pit mining, Philippine policies requiring rehabilitation, state-of-the-art rehabilitation practices, and challenges for Philippine mines. The key challenges are ensuring open pits and pit lakes do not become long-term liabilities and developing them for beneficial end uses through collaborative government-industry efforts.
The document discusses different domains of learning including cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. It also mentions the roles of counselor, teacher, and facilitator in motivating and assisting learners. To be effective, teachers should lead by example and motivate students to listen, participate, and understand lessons.
This document is a report from the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development and Peace. The report analyzes how sport can contribute to achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals. It provides an overview of how UN programs are increasingly using sport as a tool for development and peace. The report finds that well-designed sport initiatives are practical and cost-effective tools to achieve development and peace objectives. It recommends that sport be better integrated into the development agenda and that UN agencies incorporate sport-based programs where appropriate.
Sport as a tool for development and peace towards achieving the un mdgDr Lendy Spires
This document is a report from the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on using sport to promote development and peace. It finds that sport can effectively support achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals through impacts on health, education, sustainable development, peace, communication, and partnerships. The report recommends mainstreaming and increasing support for sport programs within UN agencies and among governments. It emphasizes partnerships as the most effective way to implement sport for development and peace initiatives.
This document discusses how sports can promote peace. It outlines how sports build community and friendship, develop important life skills, encourage healthy lifestyles, and serve as a platform to advocate for important issues. The document also explains how the Universal Peace Federation supports using sports to bring people together and promote international cooperation and development.
The document discusses the use of sports in reconciliation efforts after post-election violence in Kenya in 2008. It describes different approaches used, including single events, sport leagues, and incorporating sports into wider projects. An evaluation found that a sports-based child protection project helped youth heal from trauma and improve social integration. The document recommends best practices for using sports to transform conflicts and rebuild relationships, such as understanding local contexts and promoting inclusion and fair play.
Sociology, Sports Sociology and Human Resource DevelopmentIOSR Journals
This document discusses sociology, sports sociology, and how sports can be used for human resource development. It begins by defining sociology as the study of human social behavior and interaction. Sports sociology is described as a sub-discipline that examines the relationship between sports and society. The document then argues that sports play an important role in human resource development by building capabilities like health, knowledge, and community participation. It provides examples of skills and values learned through sports like cooperation, fairness, respect, and problem solving. In conclusion, the document states that sports can communicate important messages of peace while bringing people together across divisions.
STUDY OF SPORTS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRYectijjournal
The emergence of the sports phenomenon is closely related to the process of communication. Sport is a
social phenomenon that accomplishes a variety of tasks. The integrity and popularity of sport guide the
birth and development of the sports industry which unites all human activities. The sports industry changes
with changing social and technological developments. The aim is to meet the needs of society at various
levels (personal, group, social, national and international). Sport helps solve personal growth tasks.
Analysis of the basic elements of sport and the sports industry makes it possible to assess their importance
and determine the stages of development of the sports industry. Sport phenomena and related fields require
in-depth research, including seemingly unrelated fields (e.g. education, physiology, psychology, law,
economics, culture, technology), sport. Visualization in this case is used as a variable that is represented
by various screens including; Observe all phenomena in the world of sport, including communication,
industry, behavior and interpersonal patterns. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative
method. Another qualitative research tool in this study is data collection through observation and research
on the subject. Reality shows that today's global social changes cause changes in values and goals in
sports. Sport has changed from just a physical activity to become an integral part of modern life in today's
society. Changes in sport content and goals lead to a growing relationship with the creative process, which
encourages greater integration between the creative fields and sport.
Sports as an_activity_my_favorite_from_barunBarun Sharma
Sports can be an easy way to start communication and build connections with others. It provides a common talking point and can act as an icebreaker. Sports also promote team bonding and integrating people from different nations by creating a friendly environment. Participating in sports teaches valuable life lessons like teamwork that stay with you long after you've played. Sports also provide significant social, health, and economic benefits by promoting social ties, employment, and community engagement. Corporate social responsibility events that use sports can effectively raise awareness and funds for important social issues on a global scale.
This document discusses how sports can be used to promote peace. It notes that sports have the power to unite people around a collective cause and foster hope and trust. The UN Deputy Secretary-General believes sports can help build a better future for all. The International Day of Sport for Development and Peace recognizes how sports and physical activity can strengthen communities. Sports have the power to promote sustainable development, peace, solidarity and respect between all people. The document also discusses how the relationship between sports and climate change must be better understood so sports can help communicate and take action to reverse climate impacts.
This document discusses how sport for development and peace initiatives can benefit from a more structured global and multi-disciplinary approach. It notes that there is growing interest from various sectors in using sport as a tool for development goals and humanitarian efforts. However, current approaches tend to be practical with less connection to academia. There is a need for more research, monitoring, and evaluation of initiatives to demonstrate their impact and effectiveness in reaching development objectives. Stronger collaboration between practitioners, academics, and other experts from different fields could help create more sustainable and funded programs.
This document is a report on the International Year of Sport and Physical Education in 2005. It begins with introductory messages from Kofi Annan and Adolf Ogi on the importance and goals of the year. It then provides a table of contents outlining the various sections and chapters of the report, which cover topics like the role of sport in education, health, development, and peace. The report also recognizes activities from different world regions and outlines partner organizations involved in the year's efforts.
This document discusses the role of sports in achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It analyzes how specific SDG targets relate to sports and outlines the health, social, economic, and environmental benefits of participating in sports. The document also discusses strategies for using sports to promote gender equality, combat discrimination, improve urban planning, and align sports and public health policies to more effectively achieve the SDGs.
3 Role of coops in social development.pptxjo bitonio
The document discusses the role of cooperatives in social development. It defines social development as improvements in living conditions and quality of life for society through empowering marginalized groups. Cooperatives can engage in activities that promote education, community development, enterprise development, health, advocacy, and sustainable development. They adhere to principles of democracy, equality, and solidarity that promote social justice and responsibilities by providing opportunity, protection, and empowerment for members. Cooperatives also allocate funds for community development projects that benefit the areas where they operate.
3 Role of Coops in Social Development.pptxjo bitonio
Cooperatives play an important role in social development by engaging in activities that promote education, community development, enterprise development, health, advocacy, and sustainable development. They adhere to principles of democracy, equality, equity and solidarity which help uplift marginalized groups from poverty and social exclusion. Cooperatives also have responsibilities to pursue social justice by ensuring equal opportunities and participation in development for all members of society. They do this through community development funds and social development programs that benefit communities.
Sport has become a major social phenomenon over the last century. It provides physical, mental, educational, and social benefits but can also cause problems if misused. The document discusses how sport is understood in modern society, how it has become institutionalized through governing bodies, and the relationship between organized competitive sport and popular recreational sport. It notes the growth of sports participation in Spain in recent decades and aims to promote physical activity as a lifestyle.
Sport is good for your physical and mental health. They also help develop leadership skills and equip them with the ability to set goals and build character. Participating in sports can lead to higher self-esteem and better social interaction. It also helps students have a positive outlook on life & don't be afraid to lose because “The only way to prove that you’re good at sports is to lose.” —Ernie Banks. Be fearless and start participating in sports for various of reasons mentioned in the pdf .
The document defines sustainable development as maintaining a balance between meeting human needs and preserving natural resources for future generations. It discusses several models that visualize the relationship between the economy, environment, and society, including the three pillar model, the egg of sustainability model, and the prism of sustainability model. It also examines indicators used to measure progress toward sustainable development, such as the Gross National Happiness Index, Human Development Index, Ecological Footprint, and Happy Planet Index. Finally, it outlines several international commitments that aim to promote sustainable development globally.
Peace and Sport sponsorship gulf news article - 25 april 2013Grégory Bolle
Through increased corporate social responsibility and the use of sport as a universal language, companies and organizations are playing a larger role in promoting peace and social cohesion globally. The Peace and Sport organization advocates for using sport locally in communities affected by conflicts or lack of social cohesion to foster reconciliation and dialogue. Major companies in Dubai like Emaar and Majid Al Futtaim Group have supported Peace and Sport's message by hosting sports activities that engaged citizens of various backgrounds.
Knowledge management a practical inquiry into knowledge gap, local practice ...Munas Kalden
The knowledge management is an integral part of sustainability process. It becomes pivotal in any community based development project. The knowledge society contributes to quality inputs and cascades the benefits to the next generations. It is an intellectual heritage; it ought to be owned and translated into development activities by the beneficiary community.
1) The document discusses knowledge management as an integral part of sustainability in community development projects. It argues that knowledge gained from projects is often not institutionalized, resulting in the loss of technical knowledge when projects end.
2) It proposes a framework for integrating knowledge management into projects that includes promoting community practices, managing community knowledge, and translating community memory into institutional practices.
3) Key challenges identified include personal mobility versus institutionalization of knowledge, lack of links between community activities and research, and limited networking and sharing of best practices.
Munas kalden presentation 19th wcdm risk communication and governanceMunas Kalden
Measuring the sustainability of Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRM) and of assessing multi-hazard early warning system (EWS) requires interdisciplinary frameworks. It also proposes qualitative measures for community preparedness and assessing micro level EWSs using composite concepts of efficiency, effectiveness, equity, legitimacy and sustainability. This is mostly linked with governance element and aspect.
The document defines early recovery as restoring the capacity of institutions and communities to recover from conflict or natural disaster. It distinguishes early recovery from humanitarian and development activities. Early recovery bridges humanitarian assistance and development by applying development principles in humanitarian situations. It aims to generate nationally-owned recovery processes and address the underlying causes of crises through restoring basic services and livelihoods.
Making difference measuring change by munas kalden Munas Kalden
The document summarizes a training on education in emergencies that was conducted in Lesotho. It discusses the national capacity development strategy in Eastern and Southern Africa to build sustainable emergency preparedness and response capacity in education. It then describes a training of trainers that was conducted in Lesotho to cascade knowledge on education in emergencies to local stakeholders. The training aimed to assess changes in capacity using a participatory assessment tool before and after the training. The document concludes with lessons learned from the training and outcomes achieved in building capacity for education in emergencies in Lesotho.
Institutionalizing school based mine risk education by munas kaldenMunas Kalden
The document discusses institutionalizing mine risk education (MRE) in schools in Sri Lanka. It outlines a vision to transition MRE from awareness creation to being a formal part of the curriculum. This would involve a 4 step process: 1) initiation through awareness events, 2) strengthening MRE through teacher training and creating school safety teams, 3) solidifying MRE by implementing curriculum and training partners, and 4) ensuring sustainability and exit from direct programming. Key aspects are establishing school safety teams, developing school disaster safety plans over 6 months, and transitioning MRE to the education system.
Integrating disaster risk reduction into curriculum in Lesotho by munas kaldenMunas Kalden
This document discusses integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) into school curriculums in Lesotho. It notes that disasters have a major impact on development and interrupt education. Integrating DRR helps build resilience and awareness in communities. Children are vulnerable to disasters but can also be influential communicators. Learning about DRR in school helps children protect their communities during disasters. Making DRR a core part of education helps achieve development goals and equips children with skills for complex environments.
Monitoring and evaluation for peacebuilding making differnce by munas kaldenMunas Kalden
This document outlines tools and steps for evaluating the reduction of negative stereotypes among students from different ethnic groups in Sri Lanka participating in twinning school programs. It describes drawing and storytelling exercises to express students' views both before and after the programs, as well as drama and reflection activities. The goal is to measure decreases in associations between ethnic groups and negative images through student artwork and narratives.
Institutionalizing school based mine risk education in sri lanka a vision by ...Munas Kalden
The document discusses institutionalizing mine risk education (MRE) in schools in Sri Lanka. It outlines a vision to transition MRE from awareness creation to being a formal part of the education system. A 4-step process is proposed: 1) initiation through awareness campaigns, 2) strengthening MRE teams, 3) solidifying MRE in the curriculum by implementing partnerships, and 4) ensuring sustainability through exit strategies. Specific recommendations include establishing school safety teams, providing MRE training to teachers and students, and creating school disaster plans within a 6 month timeframe. The goal is to fully institutionalize MRE for long-term safety of school communities.
MRE in Sri lanka a field reflection by munas kaldenoct 2010Munas Kalden
The document summarizes Munas Kalden's field visit to assess school oriented mine risk education (MRE) in northern province of Oddusudan. The objectives of the visit were to introduce the UNICEF team, establish liaisons with educational authorities, discuss preparations for MRE Day, and assess MRE learning activities. Key reflections were that the MRE corner approach was well-received by students but teachers' involvement in MRE was limited due to focus on exams and proximity. Authorities expressed enthusiasm for MRE activities but hurdles like teacher engagement needed addressing. The document outlines next steps like developing child-specific learning strategies and operational indicators for monitoring and evaluation.
Integrating social cohesion in community housing in transitional recovery set...Munas Kalden
The document discusses integrating social cohesion into community housing in transitional recovery settings. It provides social cohesion profiles of two villages, Manikkamadu and Nallathanniali. For Manikkamadu, it notes that the Hindu Tamil-speaking residents have faced harassment from security forces and lived under Muslim and Sinhalese administration. It identifies absent planning, visionary individuals, and community structures as barriers to social cohesion. It recommends stabilization measures like effective communication between communities and services providers, and confidence building through meeting community needs for security, livelihoods, and infrastructure.
Incorporating Social Cohesion into Transition and Development Programme-Check...Munas Kalden
The document provides a checklist for incorporating social cohesion into development programs. It outlines four key components: 1) Good governance and social cohesion, 2) Peacebuilding and social cohesion, 3) Conflict transformation skills, and 4) Local economic development and social cohesion. Each component includes aims and specific items to check that programs are building participation, transparency, equality, responsiveness, and networking among community groups to promote social transformation and peacebuilding.
Participatory context and needs analysis in transitional recovery by munas ka...Munas Kalden
This document summarizes a participatory capacity and needs analysis conducted in Central Camp-01 and 02 villages
in Navithanveli, Sri Lanka. The analysis utilized participatory tools to understand community dynamics, social relations,
livelihoods, infrastructure needs and priorities. Key findings included social tensions between groups, lack of transparency
in NGO project selection, and needs for livelihood opportunities, infrastructure upgrades, and programs to promote social
cohesion and address gender issues. The analysis aims to inform future development interventions to strengthen the
community's capacity in a conflict-sensitive manner.
Community mediation-an application in the field by munas kaldenMunas Kalden
The document outlines the 7 stages of community mediation: 1) Initial contact with the first party; 2) Initial contact with the second party; 3) Preparing to work on the dispute; 4) Setting the scene and hearing the issues; 5) Exploring the issues; 6) Building agreements; 7) Closure and follow-up. It describes the roles and skills of mediators at each stage, including establishing rapport, ensuring confidentiality, facilitating face-to-face meetings between parties, and helping parties shift from positions to interests to reach agreements. The goal is a win-win outcome through this structured mediation process.
Non violent communication increasing compassionMunas Kalden
This document discusses Nonviolent Communication (NVC) and its benefits. It notes that the objective is to understand the importance of NVC in community mobilization and to differentiate between violent and nonviolent communication. It outlines the components of NVC, including observations, feelings, needs, and requests. It then lists several life-changing benefits of NVC, such as conflict resolution, personal relationships, parenting/families, education, personal growth/healing, organizational effectiveness, anger management, and business relationships. The document encourages understanding needs behind actions and connecting through shared humanity.
Munas kalden conflict transformation- an introductionMunas Kalden
The document discusses conflict transformation as envisioning conflicts as opportunities for positive change. It defines conflict transformation as reducing violence, increasing justice, and addressing real problems in human relationships. It uses the metaphor of the human body to explain key aspects of conflict transformation, with the head representing conceptual approaches, the heart representing human relationships and life opportunities, the hands representing constructive practices, and the legs/feet representing actions that translate thought into response and change. The document also compares the perspectives of conflict resolution versus conflict transformation.
How To Change Your Name On American Airlines Aadvantage.pptxedqour001namechange
American Airlines permits passengers to change/correct names on their AAdvantage account. Also, you can request a name change both online via a web portal and offline over the phone. For further information on how to change your name on American Airlines Advantage, get in touch with the airline’s customer service. Also, you can reach out to a consolidation desk at +1-866-738-0741 for quick assistance.
Best Places to Stay in New Brunswick, Canada.Mahogany Manor
New Brunswick, a picturesque province in eastern Canada, offers a plethora of unique and charming places to stay for every kind of traveler. From the historic allure of Fredericton and the vibrant culture of Saint John to the natural beauty of Fundy National Park and the serene coastal towns like St. Andrews by-the-Sea, there's something for everyone. Whether you prefer luxury resorts, cozy inns, rustic lodges, or budget-friendly options, the best places to stay in New Brunswick ensure a memorable stay, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the province's rich history, stunning landscapes, and warm hospitality.
https://www.mmanor.ca/blog/best-5-bed-and-breakfast-new-brunswick-canada
Un viaje a Buenos Aires y sus alrededoresJudy Hochberg
A travelogue of my recent trip to Argentina, most to Buenos Aires, but including excursion to Iguazú waterfalls, Tigre, and Colonia del Sacramento in Uruguay
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Wayanad, nestled in Kerala's Western Ghats, is a lush paradise renowned for its scenic landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural heritage. From trekking Chembra Peak to exploring ancient Edakkal Caves, Wayanad offers thrilling adventures and serene experiences. Its vibrant economy, driven by agriculture and tourism, highlights a harmonious blend of nature, tradition, and modernity.
You can easily change/correct a name on your flight ticket under the American Airlines name change policy. The airline provides multiple online and offline modes to place a name change request. To learn more about how to change a name on American Airlines ticket, you can directly approach the airline’s customer support. Moreover, you can connect with a flight expert at +1-866-738-0741 for quick assistance.
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Assessing the Influence of Transportation on the Tourism Industry in Nigeriagsochially
This research dissertation investigates the complex interplay between transportation and the tourism industry in Nigeria, aiming to unravel critical insights that contribute to the enhancement of the overall tourist experience. The study employs a multi-faceted approach, literature review establishes a robust theoretical framework, incorporating The Service Quality and Satisfaction Theory to guide the research questions and hypotheses.
The methodology involves the distribution of a structured questionnaire, ensuring a representative sample and facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the gathered data.
Key findings include the nuanced perceptions of transportation infrastructure adequacy, safety and security concerns, financial influences on travel decisions, and the cultural and ecological impacts of transportation choices. These findings culminate in a comprehensive set of recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in the Nigerian tourism industry. The findings contribute to the existing literature by providing actionable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers in the Nigerian tourism sector.
The recommendations encompass gender-sensitive planning, infrastructure enhancements, safety measures, and strategic interventions to address financial constraints, ensuring a holistic and sustainable development of the tourism industry in Nigeria.
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3. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
Table of Contents
1.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2. Defining Sport in the Development Context: .......................................................................... 9
1.3. Adding Value by Including Peace into Development: ......................................................... 10
References: ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 1: Young Girls from Tamils and Sinhalese are interacting in Amparai, Sri Lanka. The project was
facilitated by UNDP ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2: Tamil Students from Jaffna, Sri Lanka Empowered for Learning amidst War. The
project funded by UNICEF. ..................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 3: Development plus Sport and Sport plus Development ...................................................... 15
3
4. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
Being and Bringing Together
Sport and play are deeply-rooted human needs. Through sport, children are able to test
themselves in peaceful competition against opponents, to learn how to deal with victory
and defeat, to accept rules, to discover the limits of their bodies or to integrate as a
member of a team. Sport also lets children learn and practice fundamental social skills
combining fun and play – skills by the way which go far beyond sport in their
importance. They are crucial for peaceful co-existence in every society and for a life of
self-determination of every individual.
Therefore, sport is not a luxury in a society. On the contrary, sport is an important
investment in the present and the future – particularly in the countries that are
recovering from conflict. Sport has a proven positive impact on social cohesion,
reconciliation and community coexistence on the one hand, and on physical and mental
health on the other as well as a superlative ability to bring people together across
borders of all kinds.
These unique qualities make sport an ideal motor for peacebuilding and development
processes at the individual and social levels. Sport is not a new topic in development
cooperation, but after many years during which its potential was not specifically and
systematically used, there exists today a rapidly growing consensus that sport and play
can make an important contribution to recover from conflict, build peace and achieving
4
5. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
national development goals and peacebuilding objectives, including the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs).
A symbol of this realisation is the resolution by the UN General Assembly making 2005
the International Year of Sport and Physical Education. It aims to make the benefits of
sport for peace, development, education and health available to all – in conflict and post
conflict countries.
Two things in particular are needed to make this succeed: one, a stronger awareness
by all actors – UN agencies, international organisations, governments, sports
associations, the private sector, aid groups, the peacebuilding practitioners and
development community and the media – of the considerable potential of sport, and
two, greater cooperation between all actors.
I have prepared this booklet during my work with UNDP, Sri Lanka in its transition
recovery programme. I have contributed, during 2009-2010, to sport for peace and
development initiatives. Primarily, it was prepared to build the capacity of staff,
implementing partners and sport coach. This is an updated version.
Munas Kalden
munas.kalden@gmail.com
5
6. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
Sport for Development
and Peacebuilding
1.1. Introduction
What does sport have to do with peace and development? Only a few
years ago this question would have had many experts scratching their
heads in puzzlement. A lot has changed in the meantime. Sport now
occupies a firm place on the development policy agenda and even
skeptics admit that contribution of sport to peace and development has
considerable potential.
Sport has the power to change the world. It has the power to inspire. It
has the power to unite the people in a way that little else does. It
speaks to youth in a language they understand. Sport can create hope
where once there was only despair. It is more powerful than
governments. It brings down racial barriers.
-Nelson Mandela (at the ‘Laureus World Sports Awards’ in Abu Dhabi
on March 10, 2010)
People in every nation love sport. Its use their talents to the fullest, learn the
values are universal. And when young ideals of teamwork and tolerance, and
people participate in sports or have be drawn away from the dangers of
access to physical education, they can drugs and crime. -Kofi Annan
build up their health and self-esteem, (UNESCO, 2009, p. 22)
6
7. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
approaches, and stages needed to
Sport for Development and Peace refers transform conflict toward more
to the intentional use of sport, physical sustainable, peaceful relationships. The
activity and play to attain specific term thus involves a wide range of
development and peace objectives, activities that both precede and follow
including, most notably, the Millennium formal peace accords. Metaphorically,
Development Goals (MDGs). United peace is seen not merely as a stage in
Nations General Assembly recalled its time or a condition. It is a dynamic social
decision to include sport for peace and construct." Lederach speaks of conflict
development (UN, 2003). It encourages transformation as a holistic and multi-
Governments and United Nations faceted approach to managing violent
System to seek new and innovative conflict in all its phases. The term
ways to use sport for communication signifies an ongoing process of change
and social mobilization, particularly at from negative to positive relations;
the national, regional and local levels, behavior, attitudes and structures.
engaging civil society through active The integrated approach to
participation and ensuring that target peacebuilding must take into account
audiences are reached. And, sport plays the complex and multi-dimensional
a vital role in sustaining peaceful nature of the human experience and rely
relationship and changing from negative on broad social participation. "A
to positive relations, behavior, attitudes sustainable transformative approach
and structures. John Paul Lederach suggests that the key lies in the
(1997) refers this as peacebuilding. relationship of the involved parties, with
all that the term encompasses at the
Peacebuilding, according to him, "is psychological, spiritual, social,
more than post-accord reconstruction" economic, political and military levels."
and "is understood as a comprehensive Cultivating an "infrastructure for
concept that encompasses, generates, peacebuilding" means that "we are not
and sustains the full array of processes, merely interested in 'ending' something
7
8. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
that is not desired. We are oriented - including persons with disability
toward the building of relationships that and
in their totality form new patterns,
- preventing conflict and building
processes, and structures."
peace (Sports for Development
and Peace International Working
It has been recognized as the means to
Group, 2008).
“bridge social, religious, racial and
gender divides, hence contributing to
At the end of 2003, the UN General
lasting peace” (Beutler, 2008: 365).
Assembly adopted a resolution on the
While sport has already been fair-well
role of sport as a means to promote
established as a tool in development
health, education, development and
schemes, especially the “last decade
peace. It proclaimed 2005 as the
has seen a substantial increase in the
International Year for Sport and Physical
use of sport to assist specific
Education, stating that “the United
development programs” (Levermore,
Nations is turning to the world of sport
2008: 56), resulting in an ongoing
for help in the work for peace and the
popping up of sport-in-development
effort to achieve the Millennium
projects (Van Eekeren, 2006). National
Development Goals.” Since then, sport
governments, international
has also been reconfirmed as a tool to
organizations, NGOs and locally based
accelerate the achievement of the
community organizations (CBOs) put
Millennium Development Goals and to
great efforts on them and are convinced
promote peace. The MDGs were
of their benefits, in terms of
established by the UN and were
- promoting health and preventing
originally supposed to be reached by the
disease,
end of 2015. Their major aim was to
- promoting child and youth focus world attention and resources on
development, the eradication of global poverty (cp.
Beutler, 2008; UNOSDP, 2010a;
- promoting gender equality and
UNOSDP, 2010b).
empowering girls and women,
8
9. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
paucity of evidence that justifies the use
Sport is increasingly recognized as an of sport in these roles” (Kay, 2009:
important tool in helping the United 1177). Theory-guided research,
Nations achieve its objectives, in evaluation and monitoring are still
particular the Millennium Development limited, and empirical evidence to test
Goals (MDGs). By including sport in the effects of interventions is rare
development and peace programmes in (Levermore & Beacom, 2009). In
a more systematic way, the United addition, and in order to achieve the
Nations can make full use of this cost- objective of development and peace,
efficient tool to help us create a better there is a need to redesign the image,
world. Ban Ki-Moon (UNESCO, 2009: and understanding, of the term “sport”
22). (UNESCO, 2009: 7) in development
Sport is acknowledged as having the setting and peacebuilding context.
unique power to reach developmental
objectives (Gschwend & Selvaraju, 1.2. Defining Sport in the
2006) - but can sport really live up to its Development Context:
expectations? Does sport actually make
Definitions of the term “sport” vary. In a
a contribution to those people for whose
development context, the definition of
benefits the sport-in-development
sport usually includes a broad and
projects are set up? How much is truly
inclusive spectrum of activities suitable
known about the effects of such
to people of all ages and abilities, with
projects? Do their claims endure in
an emphasis on the positive values of
reality?
sport. In 2003, the UN Inter-Agency
Task Force on Sport for Development
While many of the stakeholders take
and Peace defined sport, for the
sport-in-development-projects outcomes
purposes of development, as “all forms
for granted, some project leaders and
of physical activity that contribute to
organizations have been more critical,
physical fitness, mental well-being and
“posing searching questions about the
social interaction, such as play,
9
10. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
recreation, organized or competitive as „ill-defined interventions with hard-to-
sport, and indigenous sports and follow outcomes‟ (quoted in Coalter,
games” (UN, 2003). This definition has 2007: 31), could be viewed as especially
been accepted by many proponents of relevant to much policy rhetoric in sport-
Sport for Development and Peace and for-development. Sport has consistently
is the working definition of sport for the been regarded as „character building‟ –
purposes of this study. not only developing certain personal and
social skills, but also moral personality
traits such as discipline, honesty,
integrity, generosity and trustworthiness
(President‟s Council on Physical Fitness
and Sports, 2006). Further, the
supposed efficacy of sport has been
strengthened by being regarded as a
„neutral‟ social space where all citizens,
Figure 1: Young Girls from Tamils and Sinhalese are or so-called „sports people‟, met as
interacting in Amparai, Sri Lanka. The project was
facilitated by UNDP
equals in an environment regarded as
an „unambiguously wholesome and
healthy activity in both a physical and
In the case of „sport-for- moral sense‟ (Smith and Waddington,
development‟, which Kruse (2006: 8) 2004: 281).
refers to as „intriguingly vague and open
for several interpretations‟, these 1.3. Adding Value by Including
outcomes range from changed Peace into Development:
individual sexual behaviour via
In recent years, various organisations
community level social cohesion, to the
and coalitions have grown up around
achievement of „peace‟ at regional or
the use of sport and sport in particular
national level. Pawson‟s (2004) more
for social development and
general comment that much social
peacebuilding – Homeless World Cup,
policy intervention can be characterized
10
11. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
streetfootballword, Football for model of SDP project often uses sport
Development and Right to Play, as well for no other end than as a means of
as the International Platform for Sport getting people together to practise sport
and Development (Sportanddev.org) – and develop their skills; social cohesion
and Giulianotti (2009, 2010, 2011) has is built on the field of contest, or through
done extensive work to map out the rise interacting together as part of the
of the sector. Where the international procedures of a tournament.
platform – sportanddev.org – terms the
sector S&D (Sport and Development), Some examples in the dialogical model
Giulianotti calls it SDP (Sport, at least offer the possibility of changing
Development and Peace). The sector is the rules to facilitate the ends – e.g. a
in the process of gathering existing goal scored by a girl counts double or
information and establishing no goals count until a girl scores would
communication and networks, at the be a rule-change that would facilitate
same time as moving to improve equality of gender or offer a space for
monitoring and evaluation. It is young gender questions to be asked. Where
and vigorous, while appearing slightly the technical model might offer coaching
lightweight in academic terms in a sport sponsored by a global drinks
(Naughton, 2011: 17). manufacturer, the dialogical model is
more likely to offer coaching to coaches,
Giulianotti (2011) defines three models who can cascade the learning into their
of SDP project: technical, dialogical and communities, along with any add-ons
critical. The first and second are the particular to the social issue being
most commonly found at the moment, addressed - eg gender imbalance, or
where they are largely directed from the ethnic or religious tension.
outside by international NGOs or
institutions or are even as part of The critical model is the least
corporate social responsibility projects developed, according to Giulianotti
of transnational giants. The technical (2011), but offers most transformational
11
12. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
possibilities, being based in and directed concern. For example, the
from the grassroots, as well as having Norwegian Olympic Committee and
less emphasis on the sport‟s own ends Confederation of Sports (NIF) started
as an end of the project – i.e. merely supporting sport for-all projects in
creating a team so that it will win, or Tanzania in 1984; Olympic Solidarity
coaching players only so they will distributes resources from the
improve in that sport. However, the television rights of the Olympic
critical model seems to be vague in Games to national Olympic
detail of real examples, and although Committees; the Dutch FA (KNVB)
written from the point of view of supports the development of football
inclusion, seem to still be based on in countries with which it has historic
intervention by northern or at least links; Commonwealth Games
external agencies. Canada supports the Canadian
Caribbean Coaching Certification
Program. However, while all contain
an element of altruism, such
initiatives are often undertaken for
clear diplomatic purposes (see Kidd,
2008).
Humanitarian assistance in which
fund-raising in sport is used to
Figure 2: Tamil Students from Jaffna, Sri Lanka provide forms of aid assistance,
Empowered for Learning amidst War. The project
funded by UNICEF. frequently for refugees. This is
Kidd (2008) suggests that there are exemplified by the early work of
three broad, overlapping, approaches: Olympic Aid, some of the
Traditional sports development in subsequent work of Right to Play,
which the provision of basic sports the work of the British charity Sport
coaching, equipment and Relief, and the partnership between
infrastructure are the central
12
13. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
UNICEF and Barcelona FC to Coalter (2007) suggests that another
highlight issues and raise funds. approach to classification can be based
The rather grandiosely named „sport- on the relative emphasis given to sport
for-development-and-peace to achieve certain objectives:
movement‟, which covers a wide Traditional forms of provision for
variety of organizations and loose sport, with an implicit assumption or
coalitions (Kidd, 2008). It is probably explicit affirmation that such sport
the case that most organizations and has inherent developmental
projects tend to be more concerned properties for participants.
with individual and community Sport plus, in which sports are
development, rather than the rather adapted and often augmented with
amorphous and ill-defined goal of parallel programmes in order to
„peace‟. maximize their potential to achieve
developmental objectives.
Levermore (2008) proposes an Plus sport, in which sport‟s
alternative classification based on a popularity is used as a type of „fly
more disaggregated approach to the paper‟ to attract young people to
desired outcomes of sport-for- programmes of education and
development organizations: conflict training (a widespread approach for
resolution and inter-cultural HIV/AIDS prevention programmes),
understanding; building physical, social with the systematic development of
and community infrastructure; raising sport rarely a strategic aim.
awareness, particularly through
education; empowerment; direct impact
“Sport and Development” thus appears
on physical and psychological health
as a dynamic social sphere in which
and general welfare; economic
different thrusts, actors and themes
development and poverty alleviation.
come together. So far there exist hardly
any models which have a conceptual
grasp of this fact. The graphic below
13
14. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
(SDC, 2005: 19) is an attempt at an development organisations,
integrated model which expresses this governments and NGOs. They use sport
multi-dimensionality. It is intended as a as an instrument to achieve specific
contribution to the formulation of an development goals such as the fight
analytical framework. against HIV/AIDS and the reintegration
of street children. Ideally, these projects
are integrated into broader development
In reality the boundaries are frequently
programmes.
fluid. Depending on the emphasis and
intensity of the development dimension,
Sport plus development: Typically, these
projects may shift left or right on the
projects are initiated by governments
continuum. Similar behavior can be
and actors from the world of sport. They
observed regarding themes: The
aim to promote sport and sport
overlapping nature of sport enables it to
education in schools and consider sport
be used as a cross-cutting instrument
as a value in itself. Deliberately or not
for several themes.
they can contribute to development
through the formation of community
The two thrusts can be characterised as
structures, the promotion of income and
follows:
the provision of infrastructures.
Development plus sport: The starting
point for these projects is mostly
14
15. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
Figure 3: Development plus Sport and Sport plus Development
Of course, there is a continuum of sport for the achievement of certain outcomes
plus and plus sport programmes and (Coalter, 2007).
differences are not always clear-cut,
with outcomes being pursued via However, some of the critics also
varying mixtures of organizational acknowledge that their analyses are
values, ethics and practices, symbolic complicated by the longstanding
games and more formal didactic presence of a number of indigenous
approaches. In such circumstances sport-for-development organizations that
sport is mostly a vitally important are based on the local identification of
necessary, but not sufficient condition needs, and act as vehicles for local
initiative and development. For example,
15
16. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
the sport plus Mathare Youth Sport consolidated via the first International
Association (MYSA), currently the Conference on Sport and Development
largest youth soccer programme in in Magglingen, Switzerland in 2003. The
Africa including 11 members of the scale of this recently emerged
Kenyan international football squad, was „movement‟ (Kidd, 2008) is indicated by
established in Nairobi in 1987 (Atkins, the fact that 166 organizations are listed
n.d.; Brady and Kahn, 2002; Coalter, in the International Platform on Sport
2007; Hognestad and Tollisen, 2004; and Development. Kidd (2008: 371)
Munro, 2005; Willis, 2000). Sports argues that this „movement‟ is
Coaches‟ Outreach (SCORE) was qualitatively and quantitatively different
established in South Africa in 1991, with from previous, rather fragmented and ad
its origins in foreign volunteers providing hoc interventions:
sports opportunities for disadvantaged
school children. Although volunteers The current manifestation is different in
remain important, SCORE has the rapid explosion of agencies and
increasingly emphasized the importance organisations that are involved, the
of local capacity building, community tremendous appeal that it has for youth
development and local sustainability volunteering, the financial support it
(Coalter, 2010). enjoys from the powerful international
sports federations and the extent to
However, the rapid development of the which it has been championed by the
broad-based sport-for-development United Nations, its agencies and
movement occurred in the late 1990s significant partners.
along with the establishment of
organizations such as Edusport In 2003, Olympic Aid re-branded itself
Foundation, Zambia (1999), Magic Bus, as Right to Play and extended its direct
Mumbai (1999) and EMIMA, Tanzania delivery remit (Darnell, 2007; Kidd,
(2001) and the Kicking Aids Out network 2008), becoming more specifically a
in 2001. These initiatives were „sport-for-development-and-peace‟
16
17. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
organization and a major player in the by a gradual acceptance of sport as a
new burgeoning „movement‟. So the human right, but by broader changes
question is, where did this „movement‟ that enabled sport to argue for its
come from and why? (Coalter, 2010: utilitarian contributions to aspects of a
299). new aid paradigm (Renard, 2006).
The sport-for- development and
peacebuilding has been looked at
through human right framework. Such a
broad framework of human rights‟
declarations and humanitarian actions
provided a legitimating framework for a
loose coalition of sporting organizations
to lobby for investment to widen sporting
opportunities (Coalter, 2010). It laid the
basis for a certain degree of influence in
the international organizations that had
issued these declarations, especially the
United Nations and its various agencies,
such as UNICEF and UNDP.
However, is seems undeniable that the
great step, if not leap, forward for sport-
for-development is to be explained not
17
18. Being and Bringing Together: A Brief Introduction to Sport for Development and Peacebuilding
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