The document discusses the use and efficacy of insect growth regulators (IGRs) in controlling bed bug populations, specifically focusing on juvenile hormones and chitin synthesis inhibitors. It reviews the interactions of key genes involved in bed bug metamorphosis and reproduction, as well as the effectiveness of various IGRs, such as methoprene and hydroprene, against both susceptible and resistant strains. Additionally, it highlights the development of metabolic synergists designed to combat resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in bed bugs.

1. By Franklin Hernandez
Bed Bug Control With IGR Insect Growth Regulators
www.pestgeekpodcast.com/bed-bug/bed-bug-control-with-igr-insect-growth-regulators/
Bed Bug Control With IGR Insect Growth Regulators Juvenile
Hormones and chitin synthesis inhibitor.
What works, what dosnt work and what shows promise.
Krüppel homolog 1 and E93 mediate Juvenile hormone methoprene regulation of
metamorphosis in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius
We studied the regulation of molting and metamorphosis in bed bugs with a goal to identify
key players involved.
Methoprene induced Kr-h1 and suppressed E93 and induced formation of the supernumerary
nymph.
These data show interactions between Kr-h1, E93 and JH in the regulation of metamorphosis
in the bed bugs.
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep26092?WT.feed_name=subjects_zoology
The Occurrence of the Holometabolous Pupal Stage Requires the Interaction
between E93, Krüppel-Homolog 1 and Broad-Complex
http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1006020
Efficacy of (S)-methoprene against Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).
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2. A dose of 30 mg/m2 has been shown to interrupt the development of susceptible bed bugs in
laboratory experiments. The efficacy of (S)-methoprene was assessed against both a
laboratory susceptible strain and a field strain resistant to pyrethroid and carbamate
insecticides.
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20133307487
Effects of juvenile hormone analog formulations on development and reproduction
in the bed bug Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
RESULTS: At 1× and 2× the label rate, Precor® [active ingredient (S)-methoprene] had no
significant effect on the development or the ability to produce an abundance of offspring or
new growth; of bed bugs. At 2× the label rate, confinement to residues of Gentrol® [active
ingredient (S)-hydroprene] had no significant effect, but residues at 3× and 10× the label rate
caused a reduction in fecundity and impaired development.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.3376/full
Locomotion Inhibition of Cimex lectularius L. Following Topical, Sublethal Dose
Application of the Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor Lufenuron.
The chitin synthesis inhibitor lufenuron had a significant effect on the ecdysis of fifth instar
bed bugs to adult. The effective dose that resulted in 50% malformations and mortality
(ED50)
There is no product labeled for bed bug use it’s the active ingredient in the dog chew in the
veterinary flea control medication.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5620714/
Juvenile hormone regulation of female reproduction in the common bed bug,
Cimex lectularius
To begin studies on reproduction in common bed bug we identified 3 genes coding for a
protein required for the reproductive success of insects and studied their hormonal regulation.
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep35546?WT.feed_name=subjects_rnai
Genome assembly and geospatial phylogenomics of the bed bug Cimex
lectularius
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10164?WT.ec_id=NCOMMS-20160203&message-
global=remove&spJobID=860336606&spMailingID=50613647&spReportId=ODYwMzM2NjA2S
0&spUserID=ODkwMTM2NjQyNgS2
Development of multifunctional metabolic synergists to suppress the evolution of
resistance against pyrethroids in insects that blood feed on humans 3-
Phenoxybenzyl hexanoate (PBH) was synthesized as a multifunctional pyrethroid
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3. synergist.
The addition of PBH to permethrin-treated females of the ISOP450 strain of Culex pipiens
quinquefasciatus resulted in a threefold increase in synergism, as judged by the synergistic
ratio. Similarly, PBH synergized the action of deltamethrin sixfold on females of the common
bed bug, Cimex lectularius, and was 2.8-fold more synergistic than piperonyl butoxide (PBO).
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.3856/full
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