This document provides an overview of bed bug biology, monitoring, and management. It discusses bed bug life cycles, feeding behaviors, health effects, and spread. Integrated Pest Management approaches are recommended, including thorough inspections, sanitation, and targeted insecticide applications if needed. Bed bugs are a significant public health issue and their numbers can quickly increase without early detection and treatment. Proper identification is important to confirm infestations.
El documento presenta un cuadro que identifica factores que contribuyeron al expansionismo japonés en el siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. El cuadro incluye seis factores clave: el crecimiento del nacionalismo japonés en el siglo XIX, el deseo de igualdad con Occidente, el entusiasmo popular por el militarismo y el expansionismo, la creencia de liderar Asia, la necesidad de materias primas y mercados, y la necesidad de seguridad estratégica. El documento también identifica dos eventos que contribuyeron
- Fujifilm's new Flenex FW flexo platemaking process reduces total platemaking time to under 40 minutes, which is 300% faster than leading solvent systems and 1.5 times faster than current thermal and water technologies.
- Flenex FW delivers the highest flexo print quality at 200 lpi and 1% process dot, as well as longer press runs per plate compared to competitive options.
- The Flenex FW process eliminates costs associated with solvents and thermal technology by using standard, low-cost waterwash equipment and chemistry.
The document discusses how technological changes and globalization transformed the American economy in the late 20th century. It describes how the development of computers and new technologies like satellites and the internet revolutionized communication, business, and daily life. As a result, many jobs shifted to the service sector, multinational corporations emerged, and the global economy became more interconnected. Overall, technology and globalization brought both new opportunities and challenges to the U.S. economy and society.
This document provides an overview of bed bug biology, research, and management. It discusses bed bug life cycles, feeding habits, common hiding places, and the challenges they pose. Surveys of pest management professionals found bed bug reports increasing sharply in Ohio since 2005, especially in major urban areas. Effective control requires thorough inspections, sanitation, and multiple insecticide treatments targeting harborage sites. Newer products show promise but bed bugs are developing resistance. Public education on proper identification and non-chemical control methods is important to curb infestations.
Dr. Susan Jones in depth discussion on bed bugs
Acknowledgments:
Central Ohio Bed Bug Task Force
Joint Bed Bug Task Force
Camille Jones
Greg Kesterman
Courtney Darrington
Josh Bryant
Nina Bogart
Kara Baker
This document summarizes an OSU webinar on bed bugs presented by Dr. Susan C. Jones. It discusses the resurgence of bed bugs worldwide since the late 1990s, their biological characteristics and life cycle, common signs of infestation, integrated pest management strategies, and prevention tips. Data from Ohio statewide bed bug surveys in 2011 and 2016 show increasing numbers of bed bug treatments over time, especially in the most populated counties. Bed bugs are a significant public health issue and controlling infestations early is important.
This document provides information on bed bugs, including:
1) It discusses how state parks can prevent and treat bed bug infestations through staff training, inspection protocols, and following up on treated sites.
2) It provides background on bed bugs, including their origins in the US and theories for their resurgence in recent decades.
3) It covers bed bug biology, behavior, signs of infestation, and conventional and alternative treatment methods. The importance of consistent training and protocols across state park systems is emphasized.
Prevention and Management of Bed Bug InfestationFairfax County
This document provides information on bed bugs, including their biology and behavior, transportation and infestation, and steps to control and prevent bed bug infestations. It notes that bed bugs are increasing worldwide due to increased travel and transportation of items. Their small size allows them to hide in cracks and crevices. Professional heat treatments can kill all life stages, but do not prevent reinfestation if bugs are brought back into the home. Residents should inspect belongings, use encasements and interceptors, and call professionals for severe infestations.
El documento presenta un cuadro que identifica factores que contribuyeron al expansionismo japonés en el siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. El cuadro incluye seis factores clave: el crecimiento del nacionalismo japonés en el siglo XIX, el deseo de igualdad con Occidente, el entusiasmo popular por el militarismo y el expansionismo, la creencia de liderar Asia, la necesidad de materias primas y mercados, y la necesidad de seguridad estratégica. El documento también identifica dos eventos que contribuyeron
- Fujifilm's new Flenex FW flexo platemaking process reduces total platemaking time to under 40 minutes, which is 300% faster than leading solvent systems and 1.5 times faster than current thermal and water technologies.
- Flenex FW delivers the highest flexo print quality at 200 lpi and 1% process dot, as well as longer press runs per plate compared to competitive options.
- The Flenex FW process eliminates costs associated with solvents and thermal technology by using standard, low-cost waterwash equipment and chemistry.
The document discusses how technological changes and globalization transformed the American economy in the late 20th century. It describes how the development of computers and new technologies like satellites and the internet revolutionized communication, business, and daily life. As a result, many jobs shifted to the service sector, multinational corporations emerged, and the global economy became more interconnected. Overall, technology and globalization brought both new opportunities and challenges to the U.S. economy and society.
This document provides an overview of bed bug biology, research, and management. It discusses bed bug life cycles, feeding habits, common hiding places, and the challenges they pose. Surveys of pest management professionals found bed bug reports increasing sharply in Ohio since 2005, especially in major urban areas. Effective control requires thorough inspections, sanitation, and multiple insecticide treatments targeting harborage sites. Newer products show promise but bed bugs are developing resistance. Public education on proper identification and non-chemical control methods is important to curb infestations.
Dr. Susan Jones in depth discussion on bed bugs
Acknowledgments:
Central Ohio Bed Bug Task Force
Joint Bed Bug Task Force
Camille Jones
Greg Kesterman
Courtney Darrington
Josh Bryant
Nina Bogart
Kara Baker
This document summarizes an OSU webinar on bed bugs presented by Dr. Susan C. Jones. It discusses the resurgence of bed bugs worldwide since the late 1990s, their biological characteristics and life cycle, common signs of infestation, integrated pest management strategies, and prevention tips. Data from Ohio statewide bed bug surveys in 2011 and 2016 show increasing numbers of bed bug treatments over time, especially in the most populated counties. Bed bugs are a significant public health issue and controlling infestations early is important.
This document provides information on bed bugs, including:
1) It discusses how state parks can prevent and treat bed bug infestations through staff training, inspection protocols, and following up on treated sites.
2) It provides background on bed bugs, including their origins in the US and theories for their resurgence in recent decades.
3) It covers bed bug biology, behavior, signs of infestation, and conventional and alternative treatment methods. The importance of consistent training and protocols across state park systems is emphasized.
Prevention and Management of Bed Bug InfestationFairfax County
This document provides information on bed bugs, including their biology and behavior, transportation and infestation, and steps to control and prevent bed bug infestations. It notes that bed bugs are increasing worldwide due to increased travel and transportation of items. Their small size allows them to hide in cracks and crevices. Professional heat treatments can kill all life stages, but do not prevent reinfestation if bugs are brought back into the home. Residents should inspect belongings, use encasements and interceptors, and call professionals for severe infestations.
This document provides information about bed bugs, including their biology and behavior, research updates, and prevention tips. It notes that bed bug complaints have increased sharply in recent years due to factors like international travel, pesticide resistance, and housing with high tenant turnover. Bed bugs can survive for long periods without feeding and spread easily between apartments. Prevention recommendations include inspecting accommodations for signs of bed bugs when traveling and taking steps to avoid spreading them, such as storing luggage off furniture and changing clothes after being in an infested environment. Professional pest control treatment is usually needed to fully eliminate an infestation.
Bed bugs can be difficult to detect due to their small size and tendency to hide. This document provides guidance on inspecting for bed bugs in various locations like hotels, homes, and transportation. It outlines signs of infestation to look for, including rust-colored spots, fecal stains, shed skins, and a sweet odor. High-risk hiding places that should be thoroughly inspected include mattress and box spring seams, headboards, furniture, curtains, and any clutter around beds or sleeping areas. A complete inspection can take 1-2 hours.
This document provides guidance on detecting and treating bed bugs. It describes bed bugs as small, oval, reddish-brown insects that feed on blood. Signs of an infestation include spotting live or dead bugs, red stains from droppings, and eggs attached near beds. It recommends implementing regular inspection protocols, such as weekly checks of sheets and mattresses and quarterly examinations of furniture, to detect bed bugs early before they spread. If found, items should be sealed in bags and laundered or dried at high heat, and professional treatment may be necessary using heat or freezing to eradicate any infestation.
The document provides information about bed bugs, including their biology, identification, common locations, prevention, and treatment options. It discusses that bed bugs are true bugs that feed exclusively on blood and prefer humans. They can be found in many public and private places. Prevention tips include inspecting accommodations when traveling and sanitizing luggage. Signs of an infestation include black spots, skins, live bugs, and bites. Integrated Pest Management is recommended, using methods like vacuuming, laundering, and applying insecticides to targeted sites. Professional treatment may be necessary and usually requires multiple applications of different products.
This document provides information about bed bugs. It notes that bug bombs should not be used to treat bed bugs as they do not work and can cause the bugs to scatter, worsening the problem. Bed bugs typically hide during the day and feed on humans at night, leaving itchy welts. Their populations can grow rapidly if not treated. The document outlines prevention tips for travelers and the importance of hiring professional pest control to treat an infestation.
The document discusses bed bugs, lice, and scabies. It provides details on the biology, symptoms, and public health implications of each. While they do not transmit disease, bed bugs and scabies are considered public health issues due to factors like emotional distress from bites, potential for anemia from blood loss, and links to other health problems. Controlling and preventing the spread of these arthropods requires treatment and hygiene procedures.
The document provides information on bed bug biology, behavior, and research updates. It discusses the common bed bug, its life cycle, feeding habits, and ability to spread rapidly. Health effects of bed bug bites are outlined. Research studies summarized include ones evaluating various monitoring and detection tools, the efficacy of insecticides on resistant bed bugs, and natural pesticide products. The need for multiple treatments using different insecticide classes and formulations to control an infestation is emphasized.
This document provides an overview of bed bug testing facilities and methods. It discusses the growing issue of bed bugs and outlines various tests that can be conducted, including barrier tests to evaluate fabrics, repellency tests using environmental chambers, and quantification of bed bug removal from electrical appliances. The document also introduces Airmid Healthgroup as a testing facility with accredited laboratories and expertise in entomology that can perform specialized bed bug testing.
The document provides information about bed bugs including their biology, behavior, life cycle, identification, and methods for control and prevention. It discusses that bed bugs have resurged as a pest due to factors like international travel, pesticide resistance, and changes in pest control methods. The summary also notes that bed bugs can spread rapidly in multi-unit housing and offers tips for inspecting areas and preparing for treatment. Integrated pest management approaches including sanitation, non-chemical controls, and professional treatment are recommended over do-it-yourself methods.
Bed bugs are becoming a serious problem, with a 500% increase in reported cases since 2000 according to pest control experts. They live in beds and furniture and feed on human blood. While they don't transmit diseases, they are difficult to control and eradicate. Omaha has seen a large rise in bed bug infestations across many property types, and experts hold summits to address the growing issue. Knowing the signs of bed bug infestation and inspecting properly is important to detecting and treating any bugs.
This document from the CDC and EPA discusses the resurgence of bed bugs in the United States. Bed bugs cause physical and mental health issues and economic burden. While bed bugs do not transmit disease, their bites can lead to skin infections. Controlling bed bug infestations is challenging, especially in multi-unit housing, and improper pesticide use poses further risks. Effective control requires cooperation across many groups and additional research.
This document summarizes information about bed bugs, including:
1) It describes the life cycle and physical characteristics of bed bugs at different stages from egg to adult.
2) It discusses common hiding places for bed bugs and how they spread passively or actively between locations.
3) It outlines non-chemical and chemical treatment options for eliminating bed bug infestations and the importance of continual monitoring and quick action.
The document discusses bed bugs in schools, including identifying bed bug infestations, inspecting potentially infested areas, treating infested items through cleaning or pest control, and handling sensitive situations such as students with bed bugs at home in a discreet and supportive manner. It provides guidance on procedures and policies schools can implement to address bed bugs found on students or in classrooms.
The passage discusses the importance of summarization in an age of information overload. It notes that with the massive amount of online information available, being able to quickly understand the key points of documents is crucial. The ability to produce concise yet informative summaries can help people navigate large amounts of content and identify what is most relevant or important to their needs.
How to Sleep Tight and Not Let the Bed Bugs Bite!Jonathan Falk
Bed bugs have been companions with humans for a long time but were rarely seen from the 1940s until recently. Changes in pest control practices and increased travel have contributed to their resurgence as a pest. Bed bugs feed on human blood and hide in close proximity to where people sleep. Their bites can cause itchy welts but many people do not react. Public facilities like schools face challenges from students unintentionally transporting bed bugs from infested homes. Careful inspection of personal items and practical measures can help prevent bed bug introductions and transfers in public spaces.
Bed bugs are blood-sucking insects that feed on humans. They are found worldwide and live in close proximity to where humans sleep. The most common species found in homes is Cimex lectularius. Bed bugs feed mostly at night and hide in cracks and crevices during the day. They can survive for long periods without feeding. While their bites may cause skin reactions, bed bugs do not transmit diseases. Nonchemical control methods like vacuuming and heat treatment are recommended for managing bed bug infestations.
Technological advancements over the past 200 years have dramatically changed society. Recent innovations include advances in biotechnology that could enable biological weapons as well as reproductive technologies allowing women of virtually any age to have children. Scientists are also pursuing controversial technologies like cloning extinct species, genetically engineering animals, and developing implantable brain devices. As technologies continue to rapidly develop, they raise significant ethical questions around issues like genetic discrimination, environmental impacts, and who decides which traits are "problems." The future may bring even more sophisticated cloning, artificial intelligence that exceeds human control, and commercial space travel.
Evicting Bed Bugs: Strategies to Keep Bed Bugs off Your Tenant ListOrkin
Originally presented by Orkin Director of Technical Services Dr. Ron Harrison and IPM Institute of North America President Dr. Thomas Green at the 2010 National Apartment Association Education Conference, this presentation is designed for property managers and other apartment staff that want to know more about bed bugs in the multifamily space.
Preventing and Getting Rid of Bed Bugs SafelyFairfax County
This document provides information about preventing and safely eliminating bed bug infestations in 3 sentences or less:
It discusses identifying bed bugs, preventing infestations by inspecting secondhand furniture and luggage, and working with pest control professionals to treat infestations using integrated methods like vacuuming, laundering items, sealing cracks and applying targeted pesticide treatments under supervision. The guide stresses the importance of cooperation between tenants, landlords, and neighbors to properly control bed bugs through preparation, treatment, follow-up inspections and preventing reinfestation.
This document provides information about bed bugs for emergency medical services workers. It defines bed bugs, explains that they do not transmit diseases but can cause skin rashes from bites. Prolonged contact is required for bed bugs to infest clothing or equipment. While bed bugs may climb onto gear, the document explains they are unlikely to infest bags, ambulances, or stations. It provides guidance on handling patients and responding to potential bed bug contact to prevent transmission and infestation.
This document summarizes different treatment options for bed bugs, including manual, heat, and fumigation methods. It provides detailed checklists and guidelines for preparing a space for each treatment. For manual treatments, it describes removing and laundering belongings. For heat treatments, it lists heat-sensitive items to remove and tips for maximizing air circulation. Fumigation requires minimal preparation but vacating for 24-36 hours. The document compares advantages and disadvantages of each method and provides photos illustrating inspection, equipment setup, and the fumigation process.
The document discusses pesticide regulation in Ohio. It notes that pesticide labels must be followed and lists situations where pesticide applicators must be licensed, such as for applications made for hire, by public/private employees, or for rental properties with more than 4 units. It also states that applicators must provide information about applications to customers and residents upon request. Contact information is provided for questions.
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This document provides information about bed bugs, including their biology and behavior, research updates, and prevention tips. It notes that bed bug complaints have increased sharply in recent years due to factors like international travel, pesticide resistance, and housing with high tenant turnover. Bed bugs can survive for long periods without feeding and spread easily between apartments. Prevention recommendations include inspecting accommodations for signs of bed bugs when traveling and taking steps to avoid spreading them, such as storing luggage off furniture and changing clothes after being in an infested environment. Professional pest control treatment is usually needed to fully eliminate an infestation.
Bed bugs can be difficult to detect due to their small size and tendency to hide. This document provides guidance on inspecting for bed bugs in various locations like hotels, homes, and transportation. It outlines signs of infestation to look for, including rust-colored spots, fecal stains, shed skins, and a sweet odor. High-risk hiding places that should be thoroughly inspected include mattress and box spring seams, headboards, furniture, curtains, and any clutter around beds or sleeping areas. A complete inspection can take 1-2 hours.
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This document provides information about bed bugs. It notes that bug bombs should not be used to treat bed bugs as they do not work and can cause the bugs to scatter, worsening the problem. Bed bugs typically hide during the day and feed on humans at night, leaving itchy welts. Their populations can grow rapidly if not treated. The document outlines prevention tips for travelers and the importance of hiring professional pest control to treat an infestation.
The document discusses bed bugs, lice, and scabies. It provides details on the biology, symptoms, and public health implications of each. While they do not transmit disease, bed bugs and scabies are considered public health issues due to factors like emotional distress from bites, potential for anemia from blood loss, and links to other health problems. Controlling and preventing the spread of these arthropods requires treatment and hygiene procedures.
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Mr. Andrew Christman, The Ohio Exterminating Co.
Mr. Dale Hodgson, Rose Pest Solutions
Dr. Susan Jones, The Ohio State University
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From the 2014 Central Ohio Bed Bug Task Force Summit
Courtesy of:
Dr. Susan Jones, The Ohio State University
Andrew Christman, Ohio Exterminating
Steve Alcala, Pronto Pest Management
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Compliments of:
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Joe Maskovyak, Coalition of Homelessness and Housing in Ohio
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Compliments of:
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2. The Bed Bug
(Cimex lectularius)
Not caused by bad housekeeping!!
BED BUGS CAN HAPPEN TO ANYONE!
• Insects (true bugs)
• Typically feed at night
• Feed only on blood
• Prefer to feed on humans
• Alternate hosts:
rodents, bats, birds, pets
(cats, dogs, etc.)
• Cause significant economic,
physical, & mental distress
3. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(IPM) :
Correctly identify the pest
+
Conduct a thorough inspection
+
Use sanitation measures
+
Use non-chemical measures
+
Apply insecticides to targeted sites
4. --A pictorial guide for recognizing bed bugs and other household pests
--Information on integrated pest management (IPM) strategies
http://u.osu.edu/bedbugs
5. – easily mistaken for bed bugs
– multiple symptoms including itching
(pruritus) and rash-- groups of spots; or
red, inflamed skin with or without
blisters
– complaints of being bitten by something
causing an intense itching and rash
– in some people, irritation of respiratory
tract and eyes
Know your Pest:
Carpet Beetles
furniture carpet beetle
Anthrenus flavipes
larvae
adults
black carpet beetle
Attagenus unicolor
larva
adult
pestcontrol-products
.com/beetle_facts.htm
Larval hairs can cause
dermatitis in humans
6. • Larvae feed on animal materials
– woolens, carpets, furs, hides, feathers, horns,
bones, hair, silk, fish meal, insect pupae, dead insects
– cause surface damage, misc. holes, uneven areas
• Larvae also feed on plant materials
– rye meal, corn, red pepper, rice, flour, wheat
• Adults feed primarily on pollen & nectar (esp. Spiraea spp.
& crape myrtle); pollen is required for egg production
Carpet Beetles
Bridal wreath spirea Japanese spirea Crape myrtle
varied carpet beetle
Anthrenus verbasci
James Kalisch, UNL Entomology
adults
larvae
7. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(IPM) :
Correctly identify the pest
+
Conduct a thorough inspection
+
Use sanitation measures
+
Use non-chemical measures
+
Apply insecticides to targeted sites
8. It’s important to recognize the
telltale signs of bed bugs!
• Black fecal spots
• Shed skins & eggshells
• Live bed bugs (nymphs & adults)
• Blood stains from crushed bugs
• Welts on exposed skin
• Distinctive “buggy” odor
(in severe infestations)
10. Bed Bug-Sniffing Dogs
• Dog and handler should be
specially trained and certified
• Enable rapid inspections
• Useful for large-scale inspections
• Expensive
• Much variability among canine
detection firms (10–100%
accuracy; mean accuracy 44%;
15% false positives [Cooper et al.
2014 JEE 107:2171-2181])
--Active Monitoring Tool--
11. SenSci ActivVolcano
• Volcano can be used alone as a passive
monitoring device
• Volcano with the Activ lure is an active
monitoring device
• Lure mimics chemicals on the
surface of human skin to attract
bed bugs
• Lure inside packet and absorbed in
a towelette (~$3 for Activ lure)
• Volcano has clear underside for ease of
inspection (esp. when lure isn’t used)
• Low maintenance (no dust)
--Active Monitoring Device--
Volcano monitor
Photos courtesy of Jeffrey White (BedBug Central)
12. Sticky Trap
Ineffectiveness
“Failures to detect bed
bugs occurred most often
in apartments with the
BDS [sticky] monitor.” Bed
bugs were trapped by
significantly more of the
pitfall monitors (Black
Climbup and BlackOut)
compared with BDS.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Pitfall - Climbup
BG
Pitfall -
BlackOut
Sticky -
BDS
% Apartments Detected
88%
79%
39%
(A) ClimbUp Insect Interceptor BG,(B)
BlackOut BedBug Detector, and the
sticky passive monitor, Bedbug Detection
System (BDS), positioned in preparation
for (C) inspection and (D) installation.
13. August 2010
Bed bugs are a
pest of significant
public health
importance!
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/Publications/Bed_Bugs_CDC-EPA_Statement.htm
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/bedbugs/
CDC & EPA
Joint
Statement
14. Bed Bug Bites
• Skin reactions (avg = 7 of 10 people)
• Redness
• Welts
• Itching
• Resemble bites from other insects & arthropods
• Typically no red spot at the center (such as with
fleas and black flies)
• Typically occur on exposed skin
• Neck and face; shoulders and arms; back; etc.
• Rarely occur on the palms or soles (such as with
scabies mites)
• Often occur in rows or groups
• Confirmation based on finding bed bug evidence
15. Health Effects from Bed Bugs
• Skin reactions (7 of 10 people on avg.)
• Redness
• Welts
• Itching
• Secondary bacterial infections
• Anemia
• Asthma
• Anaphylactic shock
• Psychological effects
• Sleeplessness
• Agitation
• Anxiety
• Insecticide exposure
• …
16. Histamine, an essential part of the body’s immune system,
may be involved in immune system disorders & allergies.
Study Results:
• Bed bugs defecate lots of histamine (a component
of their aggregation pheromone).
• Bed bug-infested homes had much higher histamine
levels (~21x) in accumulated dust compared to un-
infested homes.
• High histamine levels persisted 3 months after bed
bug eradication.
• Bed bug-produced histamine near sleeping sites
may pose a serious health risk.
• Airborne histamine limits have yet to be defined.
17. • So far, no studies have shown that bed
bugs are able to spread human diseases.
• But cimicids (bed bug relatives) can
transmit disease to birds or bats.
• Certain human diseases can survive in
laboratory bed bugs—a worrying sign.
• Even without spreading disease, bed
bugs can cause many health problems.
19. OSU’s Ohio Statewide Bed Bug Surveys
(2011 and 2016)
Survey regarding bed bug-related issues
emailed or mailed to pest management
companies and individuals licensed
(category 10A) to treat for bed bugs in Ohio
– 2011 survey
• Response Rate = 225/632 = 35.6%
– 2016 survey
• Response Rate = 329/1041 = 31.6%
pest
management
professionals
(PMPs)
22. OSU Survey: Bed Bug Treatment Sites
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
2011
2016
Average % of Work Done at Site Types
(Gov.
Subsidized)
(Not
Subsidized)
Residences made up the largest share of bed bug work,
especially multi-unit residences.
23. Some Basics of Bed Bug
Management
• Early detection and treatment are
very important.
• Bed bug control typically is much
faster and less expensive when the
infestation is detected early.
24. bedbugfoundation.org
Unfed adults: ~1/4 to
3/8 inch long
0.2 inch
The Bed Bug Life Cycle
Total developmental
time (egg to adult):
21 days @ 86F
120 days @ 65F
25. Life History Characteristics Show
That Bed Bug Numbers Can Quickly
Skyrocket … (Early Detection and Treatment
are Very Important)
Eggs
Glued in place
1 – 12 eggs / day / female
A single female can produce ~150 eggs
Hatch in 6 – 17 days
Adults (males & females)
Require repeated blood meals
Can live 12 – 18 months
Can survive months of starvation
Nymphs (immature bugs)
Five nymphal stages
Require a blood meal in order to grow
26. BED BUG HABITS
• Cannot fly
• Can walk very fast
• Typically hide during the day in dark,
protected sites (esp. cracks & crevices)
• Prefer fabric, wood, and paper surfaces
• Can cling tightly to surfaces
• Typically avoid contact with human skin
(on-person infestations are uncommon
except in severe infestations,
wheelchairs, persons confined to bed)
27. •All stages of bed bugs moved extensively
within and between apts.
•Bugs moved from infested apts. to units on the
same floor, above floor, and below floor
•Bed bugs dispersed away from hosts and
toward hosts
•Female bugs appeared to be more active
dispersers than males
28. In multi-family housing, bed bugs readily
spread to units that are adjacent, below,
and above the infested unit.
29. •Bed bugs were internally self-marked by feeding
on a blood meal (rabbit or chicken blood)
•Protein marks persisted over time, through
molts, and when marked bugs fed on other
blood types
•Protein marking can eliminate or reduce
handling time for mark-release-recapture
technique using external markers
30. Bed bugs are very
good hitchhikers!
• luggage
• furniture
• bedding
• backpacks, purses, briefcases
• clothing
• …
Bed bugs can be moved from one place
to another by hiding in:
33. Bed Bugs In
Public Facilities
• Brought in by visitors, staff, etc.
• Brought in on clothing, coats, shoes, purses,
briefcases, wheelchairs, walkers, etc.
• Bugs then crawl into the facilities’ chairs,
carpeting, equipment, etc.
• A single bed bug does not warrant panic or
business closure!
– Early identification is very important
– Capture a bug for positive identification
34. Tips for Employees That Make
Home Visits
• Minimize items to be carried inside
• Don’t sit on beds, upholstered furniture,
or the floor
• Do a self-inspection immediately after
departing (thoroughly inspect shoes)
• Change into fresh clothing ASAP
(consider keeping a change of
clothes at work)
• Bag used items (seal the bag)
• Dissolvable laundry bags are an option
• Disinfect clothing by laundering & drying
Tyvek boot covers
Tyvek coveralls
35. Disinfect Items by
Laundering & Drying
(kills all bed bug life stages)
Launder clothing
• Wash in hot water (>120ºF)
• Keep dry items in drier on
medium-hot setting for >30 mins.
36. • Continuous freezing (for
small items) in chest
freezer or refrigerator-
freezer unit with disabled
“frost-free” setting
• ~19°F [-7°C] for 3 weeks
• ~5°F [-15°C] for 4 days)
There are limitations to using cold
temperatures for bed bugs:
37. Did you check for signs
of bed bugs in your
hotel/motel room when
you last traveled?
38. BED BUG PREVENTION
FOR TRAVELERS
Make it STANDARD PRACTICE to check
for bed bugs in hotel/motel rooms!
• Pull back the bedding and look for black fecal
spots on mattress & box springs (especially
seams)
• Carefully examine the underside of the bed skirt
• Look for bb signs along bed frame (especially
head board)
• Open nightstand drawers and look for bb signs
along inner and outer edges
• Look for bb signs along baseboards
DON’T STAY IN A ROOM THAT HAS BB SIGNS
39. BED BUG PREVENTION
FOR TRAVELERS
• Keep clothes in your zipped suitcase
• Don’t keep clothes in hotel chest-of-drawers
• OK to hang clothes in closet
• Don’t store your suitcase on the bed,
floor, or upholstered furniture
• Keep your suitcase on the luggage rack
(after first inspecting it for bb signs)
Reduce the chances of getting bed bugs
from hotel/motel rooms!
• The bathroom (tub) is the best place to
store your items!
40. *The Department of
Animal and Plant
Sciences, The
University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, UK
*
•Bed bugs were drawn to dirty clothing
rather than clean clothing.
•Dirty clothes in a hotel room may attract
resident bed bugs and thereby spread an
infestation to travelers.
41. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(IPM) :
Correctly identify the pest
+
Conduct a thorough inspection
+
Use sanitation measures
+
Use non-chemical measures
+
Apply insecticides to targeted sites
42. Here’s a VERY important
DIY measure:
Remove clutter!
• Clutter offers many hiding places
for bed bugs
• Clutter makes bed bugs difficult
to detect
• Clutter makes bed
bugs difficult to treat
43. • Clothes dryer (dry items kept for
30 min. @ >120ºF [49°C])
• Vacuuming (heavy-duty
vacuum)
• Steaming (hand-held steamer)
• Continuous freezing (small
items) in chest freezer or
refrigerator-freezer unit with
disabled “frost-free” setting
• ~19°F [-7°C] for 3 weeks
• ~5°F [-15°C] for 4 days)
DIY sanitation measures can help reduce
the number of bed bugs:
Jones and Boggs.
2001. OSU Fact
Sheet HYG-2158
45. Reasons why residents
should not dispose of
furniture, mattresses, etc.:
• Bed bugs will fall off the furniture as it is being
moved, hence spreading the problem.
• Infested furniture usually can be treated.
• Bed bugs can quickly infest replacement
furniture.
• Items placed in dumpsters often are picked up
and reused, thereby spreading bed bugs to
other households.
46. Encase mattresses & box springs!
• Be sure to encase both the mattress & box springs
• Specialized encasements trap bed bugs and eggs
• May take 1 year to “starve bugs out”
• Restricts any new bug activity to the exterior of the
encasement, where bugs can be more easily treated
• Be careful not to tear or damage encasements and
make sure the zipper stays closed
• Some exs: Clean Rest, Mattress Safe, National Allergy
Supply, Protect-A-Bed, …
Measures to help reduce the
number of bed bugs
47. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(IPM) :
Correctly identify the pest
+
Conduct a thorough inspection
+
Use sanitation measures
+
Use non-chemical measures
+
Apply insecticides to targeted sites
48. Bed Bug Treatment
Approaches
• Heat treatment (whole structure, container)
• Important to include
residual insecticide product(s)
• Insecticide treatment (dusts, liquids, aerosols)
• Residual insecticide products are essential
• Accompanied by non-chemical methods
• Fumigation (sulfuryl fluoride)
• Important to include
residual insecticide product(s)
49. Active Ingredient
(insecticide class)
Product Name(s)
Imidacloprid + ß-cyfluthrin
(neonicotinoid + pyrethroid)
Temprid®
SC
Acetamiprid + bifenthrin
(neonicotinoid + pyrethroid)
Transport®
Mikron
Transport®
GHP
Thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin
(neonicotinoid + pyrethroid)
Tandem®
Dinotefuran + diatomaceous earth
(neonicotinoid + silica dioxide)
Prescription Treatment
Alpine®
Dust
Alpine®
PI
Chlorfenapyr
(halogenated pyrrole)
Phantom®
SC
Phantom®
PI
Amorphous silica gel CimeXa™
Clothianidin + metofluthrin + PBO
(neonicotinoid + pyrethroid + synergist)
CrossFire®
Some newer insecticides for use against bed bugs:
50. Bed bugs are developing resistance to newer insecticides…
• Field collected bed bugs showed high
levels of resistance to 4 neonicotinoids:
•Acetamiprid (1 of 2 AIs in Transport)
•Imidacloprid (1 of 2 AIs in Temprid)
•Thiamethoxam (1 of 2 AIs in Tandem)
•Dinotefuran (1 of 2 AIs in Alpine)
• Pyrethroid-resistant populations can
quickly become resistant to
neonicotinoids
• Of 10 field strains, reduced susceptibility was detected in
3 strains exposed to chlorfenapyr (Phantom; a
halogenated pyrrole) and 5 strains exposed to bifenthrin
(Talstar; a pyrethroid).
• Susceptibility to chlorfenapyr and bifenthrin seems to be
correlated despite the different insecticide classes.
52. Aprehend™ fungal biopesticide
• http://www.aprehend.com/
• Spray-on formula based on an insect-
infecting fungus found in nature
• Fungus quickly spreads from infected
bed bugs to uninfected bed bug
Product
cost:
$150
Sprayer cost: $130
Charging the battery can be
challenging. Be sure to
follow the directions AND
carry an extension cord!
--Jeff White, Bed Bug Central
NOTE: OSU does
not endorse
specific products
or services.
53. Aprehend™ application
• Sprayed strategically in areas with
high bed bug traffic
• Need to use other products for
mattress, cracks, etc.
http://www.aprehend.com/
NOTE: OSU does
not endorse
specific products
or services.
54. Observations re. Aprehend
• After treatment, bed bugs
were noted in odd locations
• Bugs found in sink, dining
room
• Multiple companies reporting
this phenomenon
Slide courtesy of Jeff White, Bed Bug Central
56. Percent (mean ± SE) of moribund and dead
adult bed bugs at day 7 after having been
sprayed with various alcohol products.
You will not kill many bed bugs by
spraying alcohol products. (You may
drown some with a thorough soaking).
Amount of spray
57. OSU’s Bed Bug Field Guide
• Free mobile app
• Bed bug identification, biology, and IPM
strategies at your fingertips
Coming Soon…
Collaboration between:
• EduTechnologic
• OSU Urban Entomology team
Funding provided by:
• EPA Region 5
• Ohio Dept. Agriculture (ODA)
65. Acknowledgments
• Central Ohio Bed Bug Task Force
• Ohio Pest Management Association
• OSU Statistical Consulting Service
• Tae Lee
• Alden Siperstein
• Alex Tyrpak
• Sarah Casey
• Olimpia Ferguson