Poster prepared by Kidanemariam D., Bigirimana D., Ndarubayemwo G., Niyonzima P., Abraham A., Holton T., Harvey J., Stomeo F., Dale J., James A. and Harding R., February 2016.
6 May 2021. Mycotoxin Control and Regulations
This webinar was organized to share and discuss the results from the survey on mycotoxin control and regulations in Africa sent out in mid-March 2021
Current and future animal vaccine research activities at ILRIILRI
This document provides an overview of current and future animal vaccine research activities at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). It discusses ILRI's facilities and priorities for developing vaccines for diseases that impact livestock in developing countries like Africa. These include African swine fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, East Coast fever, peste des petits ruminants, and Rift Valley fever. The document outlines ILRI's vaccine research and development pathway from basic research to proof-of-concept to clinical development partnerships. It also describes various vaccine and diagnostic technology platforms being used at ILRI to develop new and improved vaccines and tools.
Biosecurity issues impact on key crops and environmental values across NZ and Australia. A key outcome for the project team will be the ability of indigenous communities, and relevant regulatory authorities and industries, to better manage the social, environmental and economic impacts of biosecurity threats, and to participate in biosecurity strategies through improved bicultural engagement models that build empowerment and ownership in indigenous communities and their response to those threats. The teams have developed an engagement model adapted to the indigenous peoples and their communities of each country.
The known and the unknowns: A multipathogen survey to identify diseases in c...ILRI
Livestock farmers in Africa are facing important challenges on animal health. Diseases of cattle are reported by farmers as an important factor limiting productivity and income generation. Limited capacity and infrastructure of government services for disease identification and control. Lack of systematic disease surveillance – Ad hoc surveys give biased picture on priority diseases.
The African Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Network aims to establish a regional laboratory diagnostic network across 39 member states in Africa to support disease diagnosis and response. Through the FAO/IAEA VETLAB program, the network provides training, equipment, consumables and expertise to member laboratories to help farmers' livelihoods by ensuring healthy livestock through vaccine production and mobile disease diagnostics.
Developing management strategies for Napier stunt diseaseILRI
1. Napier Stunt Disease is caused by a phytoplasma transmitted by the leafhopper Maiestas banda. Developing effective management strategies requires fully understanding the disease biology and its vector.
2. There is a need to determine the epidemiology of the disease, identify other potential vectors, understand the vectors' distribution and ability to spread the phytoplasma, and consider human factors contributing to the disease's spread.
3. Developing resistant varieties and cultural controls, like removing refugia grasses, could help manage the disease, but more research is needed to understand resistance mechanisms and potential impacts on vectors and food security.
The document discusses developing improved diagnostics for fruit fly species, which are an economic threat but can be difficult to identify. It aims to create molecular markers and revise identification resources to distinguish over 500 fruit fly species, including exotic versus native species and pest versus non-pest species. This will help border protection and response efforts, benefiting horticultural industries. The research involves genomic analysis, training, and delivering updated identification guides and workshops to biosecurity groups and researchers.
This document summarizes a research project aiming to develop culturally appropriate models for engaging indigenous communities in biosecurity issues. The project is a collaboration between researchers in Australia and New Zealand. It establishes an Indigenous Reference Group and Industry Advisory Network to help guide the development of engagement models. The models will be tested and refined with the goal of enhancing indigenous communities' ability to manage biosecurity threats in culturally sensitive ways. One engagement model presented is based on traditional Aboriginal practices for detoxifying cycad nuts, using the process as a metaphor for relationship-building and knowledge-sharing. End users praise the research for centering indigenous perspectives to strengthen biosecurity protection of native plants.
6 May 2021. Mycotoxin Control and Regulations
This webinar was organized to share and discuss the results from the survey on mycotoxin control and regulations in Africa sent out in mid-March 2021
Current and future animal vaccine research activities at ILRIILRI
This document provides an overview of current and future animal vaccine research activities at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). It discusses ILRI's facilities and priorities for developing vaccines for diseases that impact livestock in developing countries like Africa. These include African swine fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, East Coast fever, peste des petits ruminants, and Rift Valley fever. The document outlines ILRI's vaccine research and development pathway from basic research to proof-of-concept to clinical development partnerships. It also describes various vaccine and diagnostic technology platforms being used at ILRI to develop new and improved vaccines and tools.
Biosecurity issues impact on key crops and environmental values across NZ and Australia. A key outcome for the project team will be the ability of indigenous communities, and relevant regulatory authorities and industries, to better manage the social, environmental and economic impacts of biosecurity threats, and to participate in biosecurity strategies through improved bicultural engagement models that build empowerment and ownership in indigenous communities and their response to those threats. The teams have developed an engagement model adapted to the indigenous peoples and their communities of each country.
The known and the unknowns: A multipathogen survey to identify diseases in c...ILRI
Livestock farmers in Africa are facing important challenges on animal health. Diseases of cattle are reported by farmers as an important factor limiting productivity and income generation. Limited capacity and infrastructure of government services for disease identification and control. Lack of systematic disease surveillance – Ad hoc surveys give biased picture on priority diseases.
The African Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Network aims to establish a regional laboratory diagnostic network across 39 member states in Africa to support disease diagnosis and response. Through the FAO/IAEA VETLAB program, the network provides training, equipment, consumables and expertise to member laboratories to help farmers' livelihoods by ensuring healthy livestock through vaccine production and mobile disease diagnostics.
Developing management strategies for Napier stunt diseaseILRI
1. Napier Stunt Disease is caused by a phytoplasma transmitted by the leafhopper Maiestas banda. Developing effective management strategies requires fully understanding the disease biology and its vector.
2. There is a need to determine the epidemiology of the disease, identify other potential vectors, understand the vectors' distribution and ability to spread the phytoplasma, and consider human factors contributing to the disease's spread.
3. Developing resistant varieties and cultural controls, like removing refugia grasses, could help manage the disease, but more research is needed to understand resistance mechanisms and potential impacts on vectors and food security.
The document discusses developing improved diagnostics for fruit fly species, which are an economic threat but can be difficult to identify. It aims to create molecular markers and revise identification resources to distinguish over 500 fruit fly species, including exotic versus native species and pest versus non-pest species. This will help border protection and response efforts, benefiting horticultural industries. The research involves genomic analysis, training, and delivering updated identification guides and workshops to biosecurity groups and researchers.
This document summarizes a research project aiming to develop culturally appropriate models for engaging indigenous communities in biosecurity issues. The project is a collaboration between researchers in Australia and New Zealand. It establishes an Indigenous Reference Group and Industry Advisory Network to help guide the development of engagement models. The models will be tested and refined with the goal of enhancing indigenous communities' ability to manage biosecurity threats in culturally sensitive ways. One engagement model presented is based on traditional Aboriginal practices for detoxifying cycad nuts, using the process as a metaphor for relationship-building and knowledge-sharing. End users praise the research for centering indigenous perspectives to strengthen biosecurity protection of native plants.
Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition: What Ro...ILRI
The document discusses the key roles of livestock in global agriculture and food systems, and makes recommendations to support sustainable agricultural development. It finds that livestock accounts for 1/3 of global agricultural production value and is a major user of land and water resources. By 2050, meat and milk production are projected to significantly increase to meet rising global demand. The document recommends context-specific strategies to integrate livestock sustainably, strengthen policy coherence, promote gender equality, improve disease surveillance, support smallholder mixed farms and pastoralism, and address challenges in intensive systems. The overall goal is to ensure food security and nutrition through more resource efficient, resilient and socially equitable livestock practices.
This document summarizes an upcoming workshop for a project to establish a Centre for Bee Diseases and Pests in Africa. The project aims to generate knowledge on bee diseases and pests across Africa in order to protect bee colonies, scale up honey production, and support pollination services for crop production. The workshop will bring together stakeholders from participating countries to discuss initial activities, including establishing research facilities in Kenya and four satellite stations in other countries, developing diagnostic tools and management modules, and strengthening capacities of farmers and institutions regarding bee health. The overall goal is to enhance awareness of bee health issues and create an enabling environment for improved control of diseases and pests in Africa.
Incidence and Impact of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in TanzaniaCIMMYT
Incidence and Impact of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Tanzania, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Partnering to outfox crop-infecting viruses in AfricaILRI
This document summarizes a research project that aims to protect bean crops in East Africa from viruses transmitted by aphids. There are three major viruses (Bean common mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus) that infect beans and reduce yields. The project is studying how viruses manipulate plant-aphid interactions and affect aphid behavior to enhance transmission. Researchers are identifying plant genes and semiochemicals involved in virus-mediated changes. They are also conducting field experiments using trap crops and virus/aphid-resistant plants to design protective crop layouts. The goals are to develop breeding and management strategies to increase bean productivity and improve smallholder farmer livelihoods in the region.
Napier grass smut and stunt resistance: Introducing the ProjectILRI
A presentation prepared by Janice Proud for the ASARECA/ILRI workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010
The Australia-Africa Plant Biosecurity Partnership has brought together plant biosecurity professionals in ten African countries and established linkages with Australian researchers, helping
to reduce pest and disease impacts in sub-Saharan Africa. At the outset of this initiative, diagnostic skills were identified as a priority area in connecting Australian expertise with Africa and improving surveillance capability, post-entry quarantine, early warning and phytosanitary certification. This presentation will briefly examine the application of improved diagnostic skills in African Plant Protection Organisations and the longer term relationships that have been established with Australian mentors.
The document discusses the development and deployment of genome-informed diagnostic protocols for plant pathogenic bacteria by the Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre (PBCRC). The PBCRC has developed and validated laboratory and field diagnostic protocols to discriminate bacteria at the pathovar level using genome sequencing and bioinformatics. It has also trained scientists in plant bacteriology and engaged end-users in field testing and validation of new diagnostic technologies and protocols.
This document summarizes research on the ecology of the tomato potato psyllid (TPP) and its bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) which causes significant economic losses to horticulture crops in New Zealand. The research found that non-crop plants from the Solanaceae family can host all life stages of TPP and CLso throughout the year, posing challenges for surveillance and management. Studies on the feeding behaviors and development of TPP on different host plants found that the bacterial infection status and host plant species can impact these behaviors. The research aims to provide knowledge and tools to benefit growers, biosecurity agencies, and researchers seeking to manage TPP and CLso.
The disruption to trade caused by quarantine pests and diseases is a significant issue for Australian and New Zealand horticulture. There is an urgent need to review and improve the current disinfestation methods to develop new export protocols that are effective, economic and safe to use.
The project team consisting of researchers from across Australia and New Zealand, has reviewed all the published and unpublished phytosanitary research conducted against these pests.
This document outlines the work packages of the AflaNet project, which aims to establish a scientific network between African and German partners to reduce aflatoxins in the food supply chain. The project involves 6 work packages: 1) conducting field surveys in Kenya; 2) evaluating rapid test kits for aflatoxin detection; 3) studying the relationship between aflatoxin B1 in feed and aflatoxin M1 in milk; 4) examining methods to inactivate aflatoxin biosynthesis; 5) building capacity through training Kenyan scientists in Germany; and 6) disseminating results and networking partners. The goal is to initiate long-term cooperation between research institutions to minimize aflatoxin risks in
This document discusses improving biosecurity for Australia's winter cereal industry. It summarizes that current post-entry quarantine regulations are inadequate and represent an unacceptable biosecurity risk. It has identified high priority exotic viruses as quarantinable risks based on national threat assessments. Diagnostic tests have been developed for 14 priority viruses that could be introduced through imported seed or other pathways. Recommendations include implementing improved post-entry quarantine protocols for cereals and adopting standard operating procedures for virus screening at the border.
Workshop on MLN Diagnostics and Managment in AfricaCIMMYT
Current Phytosanitary Policies to Control the incidence and spread of MLN in Nigeria and Africa, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Long distance natural (wind-assisted) dispersal of exotic plant pests and pathogens into Australia, is a very real and underestimated, biosecurity risk.
2.15_David Verner-Jeffreys_The UK FAO AMR Reference Centre, our work in Bangl...WorldFish
Presentation by David Verner-Jeffreys on 'The UK FAO AMR Reference Centre, our work in Bangladesh' at the One Health Approach workshop on Tuesday, 23 March 2021.
Pre-emptive control measures against MLN spread into West & Central AfricaCIMMYT
Pre-emptive control measures against MLN spread into West & Central Africa, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Invasive pests and pathogens can have devastating and unpredicted impacts on native ecosystems. The threat that Puccinia psidii (myrtle/eucalyptus/guava rust) posed to Australian industries was well recognised, but until its introduction in 2010, there was scant consideration of the impacts this disease may have on endemic Myrtaceous plant species and associated communities in native environments. Since its detection in Australia, the distribution and host range of P. psidii has rapidly expanded and entire species and plant communities are now under threat.
The research being undertaken into myrtle rust has enabled improved species selection for production and retail nurseries, and for urban tree planting.
Here we update on fundamental systematics research and the development of new potential molecular markers to improve on current diagnostic tools. We also link these molecular tools with physical specimens, documenting the range of morphological variation so as to greatly improve on available resources used to diagnose fruit flies in the field as part of surveillance programmes or at border interceptions.
Masiga - Enhanced Utilization of Biotechnology Research and Development Innov...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition: What Ro...ILRI
The document discusses the key roles of livestock in global agriculture and food systems, and makes recommendations to support sustainable agricultural development. It finds that livestock accounts for 1/3 of global agricultural production value and is a major user of land and water resources. By 2050, meat and milk production are projected to significantly increase to meet rising global demand. The document recommends context-specific strategies to integrate livestock sustainably, strengthen policy coherence, promote gender equality, improve disease surveillance, support smallholder mixed farms and pastoralism, and address challenges in intensive systems. The overall goal is to ensure food security and nutrition through more resource efficient, resilient and socially equitable livestock practices.
This document summarizes an upcoming workshop for a project to establish a Centre for Bee Diseases and Pests in Africa. The project aims to generate knowledge on bee diseases and pests across Africa in order to protect bee colonies, scale up honey production, and support pollination services for crop production. The workshop will bring together stakeholders from participating countries to discuss initial activities, including establishing research facilities in Kenya and four satellite stations in other countries, developing diagnostic tools and management modules, and strengthening capacities of farmers and institutions regarding bee health. The overall goal is to enhance awareness of bee health issues and create an enabling environment for improved control of diseases and pests in Africa.
Incidence and Impact of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in TanzaniaCIMMYT
Incidence and Impact of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Tanzania, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Partnering to outfox crop-infecting viruses in AfricaILRI
This document summarizes a research project that aims to protect bean crops in East Africa from viruses transmitted by aphids. There are three major viruses (Bean common mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus) that infect beans and reduce yields. The project is studying how viruses manipulate plant-aphid interactions and affect aphid behavior to enhance transmission. Researchers are identifying plant genes and semiochemicals involved in virus-mediated changes. They are also conducting field experiments using trap crops and virus/aphid-resistant plants to design protective crop layouts. The goals are to develop breeding and management strategies to increase bean productivity and improve smallholder farmer livelihoods in the region.
Napier grass smut and stunt resistance: Introducing the ProjectILRI
A presentation prepared by Janice Proud for the ASARECA/ILRI workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010
The Australia-Africa Plant Biosecurity Partnership has brought together plant biosecurity professionals in ten African countries and established linkages with Australian researchers, helping
to reduce pest and disease impacts in sub-Saharan Africa. At the outset of this initiative, diagnostic skills were identified as a priority area in connecting Australian expertise with Africa and improving surveillance capability, post-entry quarantine, early warning and phytosanitary certification. This presentation will briefly examine the application of improved diagnostic skills in African Plant Protection Organisations and the longer term relationships that have been established with Australian mentors.
The document discusses the development and deployment of genome-informed diagnostic protocols for plant pathogenic bacteria by the Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre (PBCRC). The PBCRC has developed and validated laboratory and field diagnostic protocols to discriminate bacteria at the pathovar level using genome sequencing and bioinformatics. It has also trained scientists in plant bacteriology and engaged end-users in field testing and validation of new diagnostic technologies and protocols.
This document summarizes research on the ecology of the tomato potato psyllid (TPP) and its bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) which causes significant economic losses to horticulture crops in New Zealand. The research found that non-crop plants from the Solanaceae family can host all life stages of TPP and CLso throughout the year, posing challenges for surveillance and management. Studies on the feeding behaviors and development of TPP on different host plants found that the bacterial infection status and host plant species can impact these behaviors. The research aims to provide knowledge and tools to benefit growers, biosecurity agencies, and researchers seeking to manage TPP and CLso.
The disruption to trade caused by quarantine pests and diseases is a significant issue for Australian and New Zealand horticulture. There is an urgent need to review and improve the current disinfestation methods to develop new export protocols that are effective, economic and safe to use.
The project team consisting of researchers from across Australia and New Zealand, has reviewed all the published and unpublished phytosanitary research conducted against these pests.
This document outlines the work packages of the AflaNet project, which aims to establish a scientific network between African and German partners to reduce aflatoxins in the food supply chain. The project involves 6 work packages: 1) conducting field surveys in Kenya; 2) evaluating rapid test kits for aflatoxin detection; 3) studying the relationship between aflatoxin B1 in feed and aflatoxin M1 in milk; 4) examining methods to inactivate aflatoxin biosynthesis; 5) building capacity through training Kenyan scientists in Germany; and 6) disseminating results and networking partners. The goal is to initiate long-term cooperation between research institutions to minimize aflatoxin risks in
This document discusses improving biosecurity for Australia's winter cereal industry. It summarizes that current post-entry quarantine regulations are inadequate and represent an unacceptable biosecurity risk. It has identified high priority exotic viruses as quarantinable risks based on national threat assessments. Diagnostic tests have been developed for 14 priority viruses that could be introduced through imported seed or other pathways. Recommendations include implementing improved post-entry quarantine protocols for cereals and adopting standard operating procedures for virus screening at the border.
Workshop on MLN Diagnostics and Managment in AfricaCIMMYT
Current Phytosanitary Policies to Control the incidence and spread of MLN in Nigeria and Africa, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Long distance natural (wind-assisted) dispersal of exotic plant pests and pathogens into Australia, is a very real and underestimated, biosecurity risk.
2.15_David Verner-Jeffreys_The UK FAO AMR Reference Centre, our work in Bangl...WorldFish
Presentation by David Verner-Jeffreys on 'The UK FAO AMR Reference Centre, our work in Bangladesh' at the One Health Approach workshop on Tuesday, 23 March 2021.
Pre-emptive control measures against MLN spread into West & Central AfricaCIMMYT
Pre-emptive control measures against MLN spread into West & Central Africa, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Invasive pests and pathogens can have devastating and unpredicted impacts on native ecosystems. The threat that Puccinia psidii (myrtle/eucalyptus/guava rust) posed to Australian industries was well recognised, but until its introduction in 2010, there was scant consideration of the impacts this disease may have on endemic Myrtaceous plant species and associated communities in native environments. Since its detection in Australia, the distribution and host range of P. psidii has rapidly expanded and entire species and plant communities are now under threat.
The research being undertaken into myrtle rust has enabled improved species selection for production and retail nurseries, and for urban tree planting.
Here we update on fundamental systematics research and the development of new potential molecular markers to improve on current diagnostic tools. We also link these molecular tools with physical specimens, documenting the range of morphological variation so as to greatly improve on available resources used to diagnose fruit flies in the field as part of surveillance programmes or at border interceptions.
Masiga - Enhanced Utilization of Biotechnology Research and Development Innov...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
The Cassava Weed Management Project is assessing sustainable weed management technologies for cassava farmers in Nigeria. The project is developing integrated weed management practices combining improved cassava varieties, planting dates, plant populations, and herbicides. The goal is to find solutions to the labor-intensive weeding currently performed by women and children and increase cassava productivity for 125,000 Nigerian families. The project is supported by a $7.7 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and involves research institutions and universities in Nigeria.
The document is the 2015 annual report of the BecA-ILRI Hub. It summarizes the Hub's activities over the past year, including strengthening the capacity of African scientists through partnerships between national agricultural research systems, international research institutions, and the Hub. Some of the key research highlighted includes developing strategies to control diseases affecting important crops like rice, beans and maize in Africa. The report also discusses the Hub's efforts to improve livestock productivity through research on alternative forage options and control of diseases like African swine fever. It provides an overview of the Hub's partnerships, capacity building activities, technology platforms, and financial resources in 2015.
This document provides information on the 19th Triennial Conference of the African Potato Association (APA) including the program details. The conference will be held from June 30 to July 3, 2013 at the Great Rift Valley Lodge in Kenya. It will bring together scientists, practitioners, and other stakeholders from Africa and around the world to discuss progress and challenges in potato and sweet potato research and development. The program includes keynote speeches on topics such as improving seed potato quality, moving local seed systems to scale, and disease management. It also features oral presentations, field trips to agricultural sites, and exhibits. The goal of the conference is to advance potato and sweet potato as crops that can contribute to food and nutrition security in Africa.
N2Africa project in strengthening the capacity of partners working within leg...ILRI
The document summarizes donations and capacity building efforts of the N2Africa project in Ethiopia. The project donated a laminar flow cabinet, four pickup trucks, and ten motorbikes to various universities and research institutions. It supported one PhD student and trained over 1100 specialists in topics like inoculant technology and gender mainstreaming. Finally, the project worked with over 25,000 smallholder farmers on improved legume production and reached 30 districts across 4 regions of Ethiopia.
Address by Her Excellency Dr. Amina Sani BelloESD UNU-IAS
Address by Her Excellency Dr. Amina Sani Bello
Her Excellency Dr. Amina Sani Bello, The Wife of the Executive Governor of Niger State and Chairperson of Association of Female Appointees & Wives of Niger State Officials (AFAWNSO) SENSA project
10th African Regional RCE Meeting
1 & 15 September, 2020
Safe maize for Africa: Capacity and Action for Aflatoxin Reduction in Eastern...ILRI
The document describes Phase I of the Capacity and Action for Aflatoxin Reduction in Eastern Africa (CAAREA) project. It established a shared mycotoxin and nutritional analysis research platform at the BecA-ILRI Hub in Kenya to: 1) Conduct aflatoxin diagnostic testing and analysis; 2) Characterize maize fungi from Kenya and Tanzania; 3) Identify maize germplasm resistant to aflatoxin accumulation through field trials in Kenya and Tanzania. The project is a multi-national, multi-disciplinary effort that has provided tools and insights for reducing aflatoxins in the region.
This document is a field attachment report submitted by Kwezi Mwaka Julius to the Department of Chemistry at Makerere University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Chemistry. The report summarizes Julius' activities during a field attachment at the Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute (NCRI) from June 10th to August 15th 2014. The report includes an overview of NCRI and describes Julius' work in the botany, chemistry, and pharmacology departments, including plant collection, extraction techniques, spectroscopic analysis of herbal extracts, and laboratory animal handling.
Researchers are exploring options to mechanically weed cassava farms in Africa to reduce labor demands and increase yields. They are studying existing motorized weeding equipment to understand its limitations for African farming and modify it for greater efficiency. The Cassava Weed Management Project aims to find sustainable weed control solutions through research on improved varieties, agronomic practices, herbicides, and mechanical weeding options. They are using social media to share knowledge on best practices with over 125,000 farm families.
High yielding and disease resistant chickpea varieties released in EthiopiaTropical Legumes III
Three new chickpea varieties with higher yields, disease resistance, and early maturity were released for production in high-altitude areas of Ethiopia. The varieties were developed through collaboration between ICARDA, EIAR, and ICRISAT. Breeding lines for the varieties came from ICRISAT and ICARDA. The varieties showed improved yields compared to standard and local varieties currently grown in the region. The new varieties are expected to improve food security and incomes for farmers in Ethiopia.
This document discusses genetic resources, including their definition as genetic material with actual or potential value. It describes genetic resources for food and agriculture as the raw materials relied on to improve crop and livestock productivity. The principles of conserving genetic resources according to the Convention on Biological Diversity and International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources are outlined. Commercial and non-commercial uses of genetic resources are examined, along with a case study of a bioprospecting program in Panama.
The 1st Ever All Africa Congress on Biotechnology was held in Nairobi, Kenya from September 22-26, 2008 with over 400 delegates from 39 countries discussing harnessing biotechnology for food security and development in Africa. [2] Key outcomes included the Nairobi Declaration supporting Africa's adoption of agricultural biotechnology, and recommendations to establish regional biotechnology programs and an African Biotechnology Trust Fund to coordinate efforts. [3] Future plans outlined convening another congress in 2-3 years and strengthening the Agricultural Biotechnology Network in Africa to advance biotechnology on the continent.
Participants witness the huge impact of improved agri-technologies on farmers...Tropical Legumes III
The document discusses a meeting of the ICRISAT Governing Board in Zimbabwe that focused on strengthening partnerships to address the drought crisis affecting smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. The meeting highlighted the need for science-based solutions and a country strategy from ICRISAT that promotes more drought-resistant and nutritious crops like sorghum, groundnuts, chickpeas and pigeonpeas. ICRISAT is pursuing new market opportunities and climate-resilient practices for small grains to improve food security and livelihoods in Zimbabwe.
CIAT’s Partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (...CIAT
IFAD and CIAT have a shared vision: a world without poverty and hunger, where natural resources are used economically and sustainability for the benefit of everyone, and where enough food is produced efficiently to sustain good nutrition and food security. Our success in South-South coordination, making markets work for smallholders, transforming subsistence farming systems into ecoefficient
hubs of change, and empowering poor rural women and men through improved incomes speaks for itself.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Taro for food and economic security in East Africa
1. s
• Both DNA and RNA viruses infecting
taro in Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Tanzania and Uganda were identified
and characterized
• The genomic organization of
economically important viruses was
determined
• Fungal isolates infecting taro in
Burundi were also identified
• Development of pathogen robust
molecular diagnostic tools is in
progress
• Virus-free planting materials were
produced through tissue culture
Taro for food and economic
security in East Africa
Taro is one of the staple food crops in sub-Saharan Africa with both the foliage and corms utilised for food. In most African
countries, taro is mainly cultivated by small-holder farmers and it plays an important economic, nutritional and cultural role.
The production of taro in the region is very low and has declined significantly over time due to the unavailability of improved
and clean planting materials and the occurrence of weeds, pests and diseases. Therefore, the aim of this project is to identify
the economically important pathogens infecting taro in the region, and to develop reliable diagnostic tools. The project will also
create a collaboration with both national and international research institutions to facilitate exchange of planting materials and
improve disease resistance and productivity of taro, leading to improved livelihoods of small-holder farmers in the region.
1. Holetta National Agricultural
Biotechnology Research Center,
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural
Research (EIAR)
2. University of Burundi (UoB)
3. Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du
Burundi (ISABU)
4. Department of Biotechnology, Addis
Ababa Science and Technology
University (AASTU).
5. Biosciences east central Africa -
International Livestock Research
institute hub (BecA-ILRI hub)
6. Centre for Tropical Crops and
Biocommodities, Queensland
University of Technology (CTCB-QUT)
Contact:
Dawit B. Kidanemariam
dawiteth@gmail.com
This document is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution –Non commercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License February 2016
Project summary
Partnerships
Outputs
Insuring a safe germplasm
exchange between institutes by
using the newly developed
diagnostic tools.
The usage of disease free planting
materials derived from tissue
culture will improves the
production of taro.
Contributes to economic and food
security and enhance livelihoods
of small-scale farmers.
Coordinated and enhanced
disease diagnostics capacity will be
established between NARS to
improve disease management.
Quick disease diagnostics and
management will be achieved by
plant quarantine offices in case of
disease out-break based on the
information generated.
Outcomes
Development of collaborative research project and community of
common practices between NARS in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda with
international research institutes working on taro is under its
establishment phase.
Disease resistant materials will be imported from other institutes for
adaptation and evaluation and potential scale-up of promising varieties
to farmers.
Several-fold increase in yield will be achieved from using of clean
planting materials.
Potential to scale-up
Kidanemariam D.1,5,6, Bigirimana D.2, Ndarubayemwo G.2, Niyonzima P.3,
Abraham A.4, Holton T., Harvey J.5, Stomeo F.5, Dale J.6, James A. 6,
Harding R. 6
A) Genome organization for RNA2 of a new Cucumber mosaic virus
infecting taro
B) Fusarium and Pythium spp identified from taro in Burundi
C) Taro farm in Areka Agricultural Research Center, South Ethiopia