The document describes Phase I of the Capacity and Action for Aflatoxin Reduction in Eastern Africa (CAAREA) project. It established a shared mycotoxin and nutritional analysis research platform at the BecA-ILRI Hub in Kenya to: 1) Conduct aflatoxin diagnostic testing and analysis; 2) Characterize maize fungi from Kenya and Tanzania; 3) Identify maize germplasm resistant to aflatoxin accumulation through field trials in Kenya and Tanzania. The project is a multi-national, multi-disciplinary effort that has provided tools and insights for reducing aflatoxins in the region.
BecA-ILRI Hub: Mobilizing biosciences for Africa’s developmentILRI
1. The BecA-ILRI Hub was established through the Africa Biosciences Initiative to provide genomics and biotechnology research support across eastern and central African countries.
2. The Hub operates large-scale genomics and bioinformatics facilities and platforms to support agricultural research projects in areas such as food safety, nutrition, crop and livestock improvement, and disease diagnostics.
3. In addition to conducting its own research, the Hub provides sequencing, genotyping and other technology services to scientists across Africa and builds capacity through training workshops, research placements, and institutional partnerships.
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
The African Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Network aims to establish a regional laboratory diagnostic network across 39 member states in Africa to support disease diagnosis and response. Through the FAO/IAEA VETLAB program, the network provides training, equipment, consumables and expertise to member laboratories to help farmers' livelihoods by ensuring healthy livestock through vaccine production and mobile disease diagnostics.
Institutional Frameworks, Experience with CGIAR reform (PPT format)CGIAR
This concise presentation includes several diagrams explaining how the CGIAR is now organized. This graphic explanation of the institutional framework clearly highlights the benefits of the Consortium and the CGIAR Research Programs, as well illustrating the comparative advantages of the system. It provides an important overview.
Findings of the report on Mycotoxin Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Francois Stepman
Prof. David Miller (Carleton University, Canada)
Workshop on “Engaging the Health and Nutrition Sectors in Aflatoxin Control in Africa”
March 23 – 24, 2016
FANRPAN Policy Brief: Stemming Aflatoxin in the Groundnut Chain in Sub-Sahara...Francois Stepman
This policy brief has been specifically
prepared to highlight the importance of aflatoxins on human health and trade in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It
contextualizes, (i) the preharvest and post-harvest factors that influence the proliferation of molds and aflatoxin
contamination in groundnuts in the SSA region, (ii) discusses feasible prevention and management strategies and
(iii) presents recommendations .
MYCOTOXIN REDUCTION IN THE FOOD AND FEED CHAIN CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES IN...Francois Stepman
1) The document discusses challenges with mycotoxins in food and feed in sub-Saharan Africa. Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungi that can cause health issues.
2) Mycotoxin control in sub-Saharan Africa faces many challenges, including lack of awareness, stringent EU regulations, and expensive testing.
3) The MYTOX-SOUTH partnership aims to address mycotoxin problems in sub-Saharan Africa through research, training, building analytical capacity, and engaging with policymakers.
BecA-ILRI Hub: Mobilizing biosciences for Africa’s developmentILRI
1. The BecA-ILRI Hub was established through the Africa Biosciences Initiative to provide genomics and biotechnology research support across eastern and central African countries.
2. The Hub operates large-scale genomics and bioinformatics facilities and platforms to support agricultural research projects in areas such as food safety, nutrition, crop and livestock improvement, and disease diagnostics.
3. In addition to conducting its own research, the Hub provides sequencing, genotyping and other technology services to scientists across Africa and builds capacity through training workshops, research placements, and institutional partnerships.
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
The African Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Network aims to establish a regional laboratory diagnostic network across 39 member states in Africa to support disease diagnosis and response. Through the FAO/IAEA VETLAB program, the network provides training, equipment, consumables and expertise to member laboratories to help farmers' livelihoods by ensuring healthy livestock through vaccine production and mobile disease diagnostics.
Institutional Frameworks, Experience with CGIAR reform (PPT format)CGIAR
This concise presentation includes several diagrams explaining how the CGIAR is now organized. This graphic explanation of the institutional framework clearly highlights the benefits of the Consortium and the CGIAR Research Programs, as well illustrating the comparative advantages of the system. It provides an important overview.
Findings of the report on Mycotoxin Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Francois Stepman
Prof. David Miller (Carleton University, Canada)
Workshop on “Engaging the Health and Nutrition Sectors in Aflatoxin Control in Africa”
March 23 – 24, 2016
FANRPAN Policy Brief: Stemming Aflatoxin in the Groundnut Chain in Sub-Sahara...Francois Stepman
This policy brief has been specifically
prepared to highlight the importance of aflatoxins on human health and trade in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It
contextualizes, (i) the preharvest and post-harvest factors that influence the proliferation of molds and aflatoxin
contamination in groundnuts in the SSA region, (ii) discusses feasible prevention and management strategies and
(iii) presents recommendations .
MYCOTOXIN REDUCTION IN THE FOOD AND FEED CHAIN CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES IN...Francois Stepman
1) The document discusses challenges with mycotoxins in food and feed in sub-Saharan Africa. Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungi that can cause health issues.
2) Mycotoxin control in sub-Saharan Africa faces many challenges, including lack of awareness, stringent EU regulations, and expensive testing.
3) The MYTOX-SOUTH partnership aims to address mycotoxin problems in sub-Saharan Africa through research, training, building analytical capacity, and engaging with policymakers.
The document is the 2015 annual report of the BecA-ILRI Hub. It summarizes the Hub's activities over the past year, including strengthening the capacity of African scientists through partnerships between national agricultural research systems, international research institutions, and the Hub. Some of the key research highlighted includes developing strategies to control diseases affecting important crops like rice, beans and maize in Africa. The report also discusses the Hub's efforts to improve livestock productivity through research on alternative forage options and control of diseases like African swine fever. It provides an overview of the Hub's partnerships, capacity building activities, technology platforms, and financial resources in 2015.
The 1st Ever All Africa Congress on Biotechnology was held in Nairobi, Kenya from September 22-26, 2008 with over 400 delegates from 39 countries discussing harnessing biotechnology for food security and development in Africa. [2] Key outcomes included the Nairobi Declaration supporting Africa's adoption of agricultural biotechnology, and recommendations to establish regional biotechnology programs and an African Biotechnology Trust Fund to coordinate efforts. [3] Future plans outlined convening another congress in 2-3 years and strengthening the Agricultural Biotechnology Network in Africa to advance biotechnology on the continent.
N2Africa project in strengthening the capacity of partners working within leg...ILRI
The document summarizes donations and capacity building efforts of the N2Africa project in Ethiopia. The project donated a laminar flow cabinet, four pickup trucks, and ten motorbikes to various universities and research institutions. It supported one PhD student and trained over 1100 specialists in topics like inoculant technology and gender mainstreaming. Finally, the project worked with over 25,000 smallholder farmers on improved legume production and reached 30 districts across 4 regions of Ethiopia.
The Biosciences eastern and central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub and the John Innes Centre (JIC) have formed an alliance to strengthen their support of African agricultural research. By leveraging their respective expertise and resources, the alliance aims to empower African scientists and institutions to address key agricultural challenges through bioscience. Initial activities under the 2014 memorandum of understanding between BecA-ILRI and JIC include transferring synthetic biology platforms, staff exchanges, and jointly training students. The goal of the ongoing collaboration is to maximize the impact of their research on food security in Africa.
The Australia-Africa Plant Biosecurity Partnership has brought together plant biosecurity professionals in ten African countries and established linkages with Australian researchers, helping
to reduce pest and disease impacts in sub-Saharan Africa. At the outset of this initiative, diagnostic skills were identified as a priority area in connecting Australian expertise with Africa and improving surveillance capability, post-entry quarantine, early warning and phytosanitary certification. This presentation will briefly examine the application of improved diagnostic skills in African Plant Protection Organisations and the longer term relationships that have been established with Australian mentors.
The document summarizes the establishment and goals of the West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI) in Ghana. WACCI was established in 2007 with funding from the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) to train plant breeders through PhD programs to develop improved crop varieties and accelerate agricultural productivity in West and Central Africa. The program trains students from various countries through coursework, research, and partnerships with national agricultural institutions. So far it has enrolled 36 students and partners with 15 institutions across Africa. The goal is to establish a network of well-trained plant breeders working to develop new varieties that can boost food security and incomes through a Green Revolution.
The document discusses farmer field schools (FFS), an approach developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization to empower small-scale farmers through participatory and interactive learning. FFS involve focus groups of 25-35 farmers meeting weekly to conduct agro-ecological analysis, design comparative studies to test solutions, and disseminate information. The approach was tested in Kenya through 24 livestock FFS established in different agro-ecological zones to improve smallholder dairy production. The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) provided support to enable partners to adapt FFS methodology to local environments. Key questions are identified about evaluating and improving FFS sustainability and impacts on livelihoods.
Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern AfricaILRI
This document summarizes the COHESA project, which aims to strengthen One Health capacity and collaboration across Eastern and Southern Africa from 2022-2025. The project is led by a consortium including ILRI, CIRAD, and ISAAA AfriCentre, and will work in 11 countries. It seeks to build the One Health workforce through education and training, enhance cross-sectoral collaboration, and deliver solutions to national One Health challenges through in-country stakeholders. Baseline assessments will evaluate countries' One Health capacities and needs to help guide and later evaluate the project's impact.
Tenth bulletin of the quarterly publication of Tropical Legumes III (TL III) ...Tropical Legumes III
This edition highlights the progress made under Objective 3 of the project: To enhance cowpea productivity and production in drought-prone areas of sub-Saharan Africa and Objective
6: Sustainable and impact-oriented legume seed delivery systems for smallholders – Cowpea seed system
during 2 years of the project.
This document summarizes an upcoming workshop for a project to establish a Centre for Bee Diseases and Pests in Africa. The project aims to generate knowledge on bee diseases and pests across Africa in order to protect bee colonies, scale up honey production, and support pollination services for crop production. The workshop will bring together stakeholders from participating countries to discuss initial activities, including establishing research facilities in Kenya and four satellite stations in other countries, developing diagnostic tools and management modules, and strengthening capacities of farmers and institutions regarding bee health. The overall goal is to enhance awareness of bee health issues and create an enabling environment for improved control of diseases and pests in Africa.
This document summarizes a project that aims to improve taro production in East Africa by identifying pathogens infecting taro, developing diagnostic tools, and creating virus-free planting materials through tissue culture. The project brings together research institutions from Ethiopia, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Australia, and international organizations to characterize viruses and fungi infecting taro, determine the genomic organization of important pathogens, develop molecular diagnostics, and produce clean planting materials to improve yields and livelihoods of small-scale farmers in the region.
Taro for food and economic security in East AfricaILRI
Poster prepared by Kidanemariam D., Bigirimana D., Ndarubayemwo G., Niyonzima P., Abraham A., Holton T., Harvey J., Stomeo F., Dale J., James A. and Harding R., February 2016.
This document provides information on the 19th Triennial Conference of the African Potato Association (APA) including the program details. The conference will be held from June 30 to July 3, 2013 at the Great Rift Valley Lodge in Kenya. It will bring together scientists, practitioners, and other stakeholders from Africa and around the world to discuss progress and challenges in potato and sweet potato research and development. The program includes keynote speeches on topics such as improving seed potato quality, moving local seed systems to scale, and disease management. It also features oral presentations, field trips to agricultural sites, and exhibits. The goal of the conference is to advance potato and sweet potato as crops that can contribute to food and nutrition security in Africa.
What is the African BioGenome Project?
A coordinated pan-African effort to build capacity (and infrastructure) to generate, analyze and deploy genomics data for the improvement and sustainable use of biodiversity and agriculture across Africa. We refer to this coordinated pan-African effort as the African BioGenome Project (AfricaBP), and the community of networks to deliver on this agenda as Digital Innovations in Africa for a Sustainable Agri-Environment and Conservation (DAISEA).
Safe maize for Africa: Capacity and Action for Aflatoxin Reduction in Eastern...ILRI
A shared mycotoxin and nutritional analysis research platform has been established at the BecA-ILRI Hub in Kenya, with funding from the Australian Government and involvement of researchers from multiple countries. The multinational research team is conducting research to reduce aflatoxins in the region, including characterizing maize fungi and germplasm, testing models, and conducting field trials. They will pilot integrated intervention sets with smallholder farmers and value chain actors in the upcoming second phase to improve access to aflatoxin-safe maize. The platform has hosted almost 50 researchers and provides capacity building opportunities.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
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Similar to Safe maize for Africa: Capacity and Action for Aflatoxin Reduction in Eastern Africa (CAAREA)—BecA-CSIRO Partnership Flagship Project
The document is the 2015 annual report of the BecA-ILRI Hub. It summarizes the Hub's activities over the past year, including strengthening the capacity of African scientists through partnerships between national agricultural research systems, international research institutions, and the Hub. Some of the key research highlighted includes developing strategies to control diseases affecting important crops like rice, beans and maize in Africa. The report also discusses the Hub's efforts to improve livestock productivity through research on alternative forage options and control of diseases like African swine fever. It provides an overview of the Hub's partnerships, capacity building activities, technology platforms, and financial resources in 2015.
The 1st Ever All Africa Congress on Biotechnology was held in Nairobi, Kenya from September 22-26, 2008 with over 400 delegates from 39 countries discussing harnessing biotechnology for food security and development in Africa. [2] Key outcomes included the Nairobi Declaration supporting Africa's adoption of agricultural biotechnology, and recommendations to establish regional biotechnology programs and an African Biotechnology Trust Fund to coordinate efforts. [3] Future plans outlined convening another congress in 2-3 years and strengthening the Agricultural Biotechnology Network in Africa to advance biotechnology on the continent.
N2Africa project in strengthening the capacity of partners working within leg...ILRI
The document summarizes donations and capacity building efforts of the N2Africa project in Ethiopia. The project donated a laminar flow cabinet, four pickup trucks, and ten motorbikes to various universities and research institutions. It supported one PhD student and trained over 1100 specialists in topics like inoculant technology and gender mainstreaming. Finally, the project worked with over 25,000 smallholder farmers on improved legume production and reached 30 districts across 4 regions of Ethiopia.
The Biosciences eastern and central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub and the John Innes Centre (JIC) have formed an alliance to strengthen their support of African agricultural research. By leveraging their respective expertise and resources, the alliance aims to empower African scientists and institutions to address key agricultural challenges through bioscience. Initial activities under the 2014 memorandum of understanding between BecA-ILRI and JIC include transferring synthetic biology platforms, staff exchanges, and jointly training students. The goal of the ongoing collaboration is to maximize the impact of their research on food security in Africa.
The Australia-Africa Plant Biosecurity Partnership has brought together plant biosecurity professionals in ten African countries and established linkages with Australian researchers, helping
to reduce pest and disease impacts in sub-Saharan Africa. At the outset of this initiative, diagnostic skills were identified as a priority area in connecting Australian expertise with Africa and improving surveillance capability, post-entry quarantine, early warning and phytosanitary certification. This presentation will briefly examine the application of improved diagnostic skills in African Plant Protection Organisations and the longer term relationships that have been established with Australian mentors.
The document summarizes the establishment and goals of the West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI) in Ghana. WACCI was established in 2007 with funding from the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) to train plant breeders through PhD programs to develop improved crop varieties and accelerate agricultural productivity in West and Central Africa. The program trains students from various countries through coursework, research, and partnerships with national agricultural institutions. So far it has enrolled 36 students and partners with 15 institutions across Africa. The goal is to establish a network of well-trained plant breeders working to develop new varieties that can boost food security and incomes through a Green Revolution.
The document discusses farmer field schools (FFS), an approach developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization to empower small-scale farmers through participatory and interactive learning. FFS involve focus groups of 25-35 farmers meeting weekly to conduct agro-ecological analysis, design comparative studies to test solutions, and disseminate information. The approach was tested in Kenya through 24 livestock FFS established in different agro-ecological zones to improve smallholder dairy production. The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) provided support to enable partners to adapt FFS methodology to local environments. Key questions are identified about evaluating and improving FFS sustainability and impacts on livelihoods.
Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern AfricaILRI
This document summarizes the COHESA project, which aims to strengthen One Health capacity and collaboration across Eastern and Southern Africa from 2022-2025. The project is led by a consortium including ILRI, CIRAD, and ISAAA AfriCentre, and will work in 11 countries. It seeks to build the One Health workforce through education and training, enhance cross-sectoral collaboration, and deliver solutions to national One Health challenges through in-country stakeholders. Baseline assessments will evaluate countries' One Health capacities and needs to help guide and later evaluate the project's impact.
Tenth bulletin of the quarterly publication of Tropical Legumes III (TL III) ...Tropical Legumes III
This edition highlights the progress made under Objective 3 of the project: To enhance cowpea productivity and production in drought-prone areas of sub-Saharan Africa and Objective
6: Sustainable and impact-oriented legume seed delivery systems for smallholders – Cowpea seed system
during 2 years of the project.
This document summarizes an upcoming workshop for a project to establish a Centre for Bee Diseases and Pests in Africa. The project aims to generate knowledge on bee diseases and pests across Africa in order to protect bee colonies, scale up honey production, and support pollination services for crop production. The workshop will bring together stakeholders from participating countries to discuss initial activities, including establishing research facilities in Kenya and four satellite stations in other countries, developing diagnostic tools and management modules, and strengthening capacities of farmers and institutions regarding bee health. The overall goal is to enhance awareness of bee health issues and create an enabling environment for improved control of diseases and pests in Africa.
This document summarizes a project that aims to improve taro production in East Africa by identifying pathogens infecting taro, developing diagnostic tools, and creating virus-free planting materials through tissue culture. The project brings together research institutions from Ethiopia, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Australia, and international organizations to characterize viruses and fungi infecting taro, determine the genomic organization of important pathogens, develop molecular diagnostics, and produce clean planting materials to improve yields and livelihoods of small-scale farmers in the region.
Taro for food and economic security in East AfricaILRI
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This document provides information on the 19th Triennial Conference of the African Potato Association (APA) including the program details. The conference will be held from June 30 to July 3, 2013 at the Great Rift Valley Lodge in Kenya. It will bring together scientists, practitioners, and other stakeholders from Africa and around the world to discuss progress and challenges in potato and sweet potato research and development. The program includes keynote speeches on topics such as improving seed potato quality, moving local seed systems to scale, and disease management. It also features oral presentations, field trips to agricultural sites, and exhibits. The goal of the conference is to advance potato and sweet potato as crops that can contribute to food and nutrition security in Africa.
What is the African BioGenome Project?
A coordinated pan-African effort to build capacity (and infrastructure) to generate, analyze and deploy genomics data for the improvement and sustainable use of biodiversity and agriculture across Africa. We refer to this coordinated pan-African effort as the African BioGenome Project (AfricaBP), and the community of networks to deliver on this agenda as Digital Innovations in Africa for a Sustainable Agri-Environment and Conservation (DAISEA).
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Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coastsSérgio Sacani
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
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PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Safe maize for Africa: Capacity and Action for Aflatoxin Reduction in Eastern Africa (CAAREA)—BecA-CSIRO Partnership Flagship Project
1. Safe
maize
for
Africa:
Capacity
and
Ac4on
for
Aflatoxin
Reduc4on
in
Eastern
Africa
(CAAREA)
BecA-‐CSIRO
Partnership
Flagship
Project
Phase
I
(2011-‐)
Project:
Capacity
and
Ac4on
for
Aflatoxin
Reduc4on
in
Eastern
Africa
(CAAREA)
1. Establish
a
shared
mycotoxin/nutri4onal
analysis
research
plaKorm
at
the
BecA-‐ILRI
Hub,
including
gold
standard
and
novel
aflatoxin
diagnos?cs:
BSL2
mycology
lab,
milling
room,
cold
rooms;
LCMS/UPLC,
VICAM,
ELISA,
GCMS,
AAS,
UVVIS,
NIR.
Used
by
almost
50
researchers
since
2011,
mul?ple
hosted
projects,
open
for
NARS
researchers
and
their
partners.
2. Characterize
maize
fungi
from
around
Kenya
and
Tanzania:
informa?on,
biobank
and
inoculum
(see
3).
Hosted
NARS
projects
also
characterized
fungi
from
Burundi,
Cameroon,
Ethiopia,
Kenya,
Tanzania,
and
others,
using
same
analyses
–
comparable
for
regional
comparison.
3.
Iden4fy
maize
germplasm
resistant
to
aflatoxin
accumula4on
(G
x
E
x
M)
through
first
inoculated
field
trials
in
the
region
(led
by:
Kenya
–
KARI;
Tanzania
–
ARI-‐Uyole/Open
University
of
Tanzania):
a
total
of
14
field
trials
conducted
(at
7
loca?ons
over
3
years,
not
every
trial
at
every
site
each
year).
4. Test
modelling
as
a
poten?al
predic?ve
tool
and
to
contextualize
findings
regionally
(risk
maps,
process
models):
APSIM
model
to
predict
maize
aflatoxin
risk,
on
farm
survey
to
characterize
maize
cropping
systems
(management
prac?ces
–
plan?ng
to
consump?on,
maize
genotype
mapping
–
GBS,
mul?ple
mycotoxin
analysis
by
LCMS
at
BecA
and
QAAFI).
A
shared
mycotoxin
and
nutri?onal
analysis
research
and
capacity
building
plaaorm
has
been
established
at
the
BecA-‐ILRI
Hub
in
Kenya,
with
funding
from
the
Australian
Government
and
scien?fic
involvement
of
researchers
from
Kenya,
Tanzania,
Australia,
USA
and
South
Africa.
The
mul?na?onal,
mul?disciplinary
BecA-‐CSIRO
aflatoxin
project
team
is
conducing
research
that
has
provided
key
insights
and
tools
for
reducing
aflatoxins
in
the
region,
and
will
be
pilo?ng
integrated
sets
of
interven?ons
with
smallholder
farmers,
and
actors
along
the
formal
maize
value
chain
as
part
of
its
upcoming
second
phase.
Since
it
was
established
in
2010,
the
plaaorm
has
hosted
almost
50
researchers,
including
NARS
scien?sts
from
seven
countries,
researchers
from
Australia
and
the
USA,
and
a
number
of
interna?onal
research
centers.
The
Australian
Government
Department
of
Foreign
Affairs
and
Trade
is
con?nuing
funding
for
this
project
through
2018.
Project
Team
and
Partners
Phase
I
and
new
to
Phase
II
Funding:
Australian
Government,
Department
of
Foreign
Affairs
and
Trade
(DFAT)
–
formerly
Australian
Agency
for
Interna4onal
Development
(AusAID).
Tesfaye
Legesse,
Paul
Greener
and
others:
various
project
input
Project
Leader:
Jagger
Harvey,
Senior
Scien4st,
BecA-‐ILRI
Hub,
j.harvey@cgiar.org
BecA-‐ILRI
Hub:
Jagger
Harvey
(Project
Leader,
gene?cist);
Robert
Ngeno
(lab
manager,
analy?cal
chemist);
James
Wainaina,
Immaculate
Wanjuki,
Fredrick
Nganga,
Sundy
Akello,
Eric
Magembe
and
others
(research
assistants);
Benoit
Gnonlonfin
(postdoc,
mycologist);
Samuel
Mu?ga
(Cornell
PhD
student);
Warwick
Turner
(analy?cal
chemist,
also
QDAFF);
Boniface
Muganda
(database
systems);
Ethel
Makila
(communica?ons);
Jacquiline
Mayira,
Rachael
Mwangi,
Berine
Ada,
Rachel
Njunge,
Valerian
Aloo,
Josephine
Birungi,
Timothy
Kingori,
Agnes
Mburu
and
many
others
(administra?ve
and
logis?cal
support);
Appolinaire
Djikeng
(BecA
Director,
BecA-‐CSIRO
Partnership
Leader,
strategic
project
input).
Kenya
Kenya
Agricultural
and
Livestock
Research
Organiza4on
(KALRO;
formerly
KARI):
James
Karanja
(na?onal
maize
breeder),
Charles
Kariuki
(entomologist),
James
Gethi,
KARI
Katumani;
Anne
Gichangi
(agricultural
economist)
KARI
Njoro;
Festus
Murithi
(socioeconomist),
and
teams.
Tanzania
Agricultural
Research
Ins4tute
-‐
Uyole:
Arnold
Mushongi
(na?onal
maize
breeder)
and
team
Ministry
of
Agriculture
and
Food
Security:
Deogra?as
Lwezaura
(agricultural
economist)
and
team
Open
University
of
Tanzania:
Said
Massomo
(plant
pathologist),
Fabian
Manoza
(MSc
student),
and
others.
Nelson
Mandela
African
Ins5tute
of
Science
and
Technology
(NMAIST):
Mar%n
Kimanya
Australia
CSIRO:
Ross
Darnell
(biometrician,
Australia
project
coordinator);
Nai
Tran-‐Dinh
(mycologist);
Stephen
Trowell
and
Amalia
Berna
(biosensor
technology);
Larelle
Macmillan
(communica?ons);
Peter
Carberry
and
Bruce
Pengelly
(BecA-‐CSIRO
Partnership
Leader,
strategic
project
input
including
modelling);
Andrew
Hall
(innova%on
systems);
Mario
Herrero
(household
modelling)
CSIRO/HarvestChoice:
Darren
Kri?cos
(ecological
modeller)
University
of
Queensland/Queensland
Alliance
for
Agriculture
and
Food
Innova4ons
(QAAFI):
Mary
Fletcher
(natural
product
organic
chemist);
Glen
Fox
(NIR
expert);
Ti?layo
Falade
and
Ben
Temba
(PhD
students).
Queensland
Department
of
Agriculture,
Forestry
and
Fisheries
(QDAFF):
Yash
Chauhan
(APSIM
modelling);
Warwick
Turner
(analy?cal
chemist)
Diversity
Arrays
Technology
Pty
Ltd:
Andrzej
Kilian
(genomics)
USA
Cornell
University:
Rebecca
Nelson
(molecular
plant
pathologist);
Michael
Milgroom
(popula?on
biologist)
Helica
Biosystems
Inc:
Wondu
Wolde-‐Mariam
–
subsidized
rates
on
kits,
and
technical
advice.
HarvestChoice/University
of
Minnesota:
Phil
Pardey
(agricultural
economist),
Jason
Beddow
(postdoc,
applied
economics),
Noboru
Ota
(GIS
input).
South
Africa
University
of
Pretoria/HarvestChoice:
Frikkie
Liebenberg
(survey
coordina?on)
Development
Partners:
Farm
Input
Promo%ons
Africa
(FIPS):
David
Priest
and
team
Kenya
Cereal
Millers
Associa%on
(CMA):
Paloma
Fernandez
and
others;
engaged
in
Phase
I
Partnership
for
Aflatoxin
Control
in
Africa
(PACA):
Amare
Ayelew
and
team;
engaged
in
Phase
I.
Phase
II
(future
proposed)
Project:
Aflatoxin
Ac4on
Alliance
Purpose:
Researchers,
private
and
public
sector
actors,
women
and
men
farmers
and
civil
society
collabora?vely
develop
and
apply
new
knowledge
and
innova?ons
that
improve
the
accessa
nd
availability
of
aflatoxin-‐safe
maize.
Outcomes:
1) Farmers,
millers
and
others
have
improved
access
and
availability
of
aflatoxin-‐safe
maize.
2) Par?cipa?ng
scien?sts
and
ins?tu?ons
incorporate
adop?on
partners
and
pathways
in
bioscience
design
and
implementa?on.
Project
components:
1. Con?nue
development
and
improvement
of
aflatoxin
tools
and
informa?on
for
use
in
pilo?ng
aflatoxin
reduc?on
strategies
along
value
chains:
sampling
and
diagnos?cs,
decontamina?on
and
sor?ng,
modelling-‐based
decision
support
tools
(process
APSIM,
risk
mapping,
and
hybrid
sta?s?cal,
and
household
models
to
iden?fy
risk
factors,
model
their
poten?al
impact
on
aflatoxin
reduc?on).
2. Engagement
of
key
actors
in
small,
focused
innova?on
plaaorms
(Aflatoxin
Ac?on
Alliances)
to
consider
and
discuss
informa?on
and
new
findings/tools
and
their
use
for
reducing
aflatoxin
along
value
chains,
forming
new
ins?tu?onal
and
other
collabora?ons
to
address
key
agenda
issues.
3. Pilot
deployment
of
integrated
aflatoxin
interven?on
strategies
(informa?on,
prac?ces
and
tools)
with
subsistence
farmers.
Includes
matching
varie?es
to
environments
in
which
they
have
lower
risk
of
aflatoxin
accumula?on,
appropriate
pre-‐harvest
management,
drying
and
storage
prac?ces
and
tools,
and
on
farm/commercial
mill
tes?ng
and
decontamina?on.
Objec?ve:
pilot
interven?ons
with
at
least
30,000
farmers
in
high
risk
areas
in
Kenya
and
Tanzania.
4. Pilot
deployment
of
aflatoxin
interven?on
strategies
(informa?on,
tes?ng)
along
small,
pilot
formal
maize
value
chain.
Includes
characterizing
reduc?on
of
aflatoxins
in
the
food
supply,
and
behavioral
economics
to
assess
affect
of
interven?ons
with
different
actors
along
the
chain
to
devise
sustainable
and
effec?ve
approaches.
Project
team,
2013
Annual
Project
Workshop
Engaging
with
the
BecA
aflatoxin
plaKorm
Capacity
building:
The
BecA-‐ILRI
Hub
was
established
to
build
capacity
and
complement
the
strengths
of
African
scien?sts
working
on
key
constraints
to
African
agriculture.
The
aflatoxin
team
can
provide
advice,
contacts,
technical
protocols,
and
other
informa?on.
Hos4ng
research
projects:
The
mycotoxin,
nutri?onal
analysis
and
broader
BecA-‐ILRI
Hub
research
plaaorms
were
established
to
host
research
projects
focused
on
African
agricultural
improvement.
A
range
of
projects
have
already
been
hosted
at
the
mycotoxin-‐nutri?onal
analysis
plaaorm,
including
NARS
projects
from
seven
sub-‐Saharan
African
countries,
Australia,
USA,
and
a
number
of
interna?onal
research
ins?tutes.
Research
tools
and
informa4on:
Research
outputs
from
the
Australia-‐funded
aflatoxin
project
include
informa?on
on
sampling
and
tes?ng
procedures
suited
to
different
contexts,
on
farm
and
village
level
maize
mycotoxin
surveys,
Agriculture
Produc?on
Simula?on
(APSIM)
models
for
predic?ng
aflatoxin
risk
for
different
maize
varie?es,
and
others.
Funding
opportuni4es:
The
BecA
Africa
Biosciences
Challenge
Fund
(ABCF)
is
a
compe??ve
fund
available
to
African
researchers,
to
support
a
4-‐9
month
research
placement
in
our
laboratories.
We
receive
a
large
number
of
applica?ons
focused
on
mycotoxin
and
nutri?onal
analysis
research;
you
are
encouraged
to
apply,
and
to
be
as
specific
as
possible
in
your
objec?ves
and
experimental
workplan.
Policy
and
other
stakeholder
informa4on:
The
aflatoxin
team
has
published
a
policy
brief
and
will
con?nue
to
provide
dis?lled
informa?on
of
use
to
policymakers
and
other
key
stakeholders,
upon
whom
we
rely
for
transforma?ve
change
to
address
the
spectre
of
aflatoxins
in
the
region.
.
Garissa
Kakamega
Kisii
Kisumu
Kitale
Kiboko
Makindu
Lamu
Malindi
Mandera
Marsabit
Meru
Mombasa
Moyale
Nairobi
Nakuru
Narok
Nyeri
Lodwar
Voi
Wajir
Katumani
Aflatoxinriskindex
100
80
60
40
20
0
Aflatoxin
risk
for
variety
X
Farm
locality