The document discusses prospects for growing dry beans as a high-value crop. It provides an overview of dry bean production globally, including leading producers such as the United States, Canada, and Brazil. Dry beans were originally domesticated in Central and South America over 7,000 years ago. They have a relatively high price ranging from $12 to $20 per bushel. The document also discusses dry bean varieties, production, exports, and markets in various countries to argue that dry beans represent an opportunity for increased income for small farms in Ukraine.
Rising Food Prices and Small Farmers Access to SeedSeeds
1) The document discusses the impacts of high food prices on small farmers and proposes policy options to improve farmers' access to quality seed. It summarizes research conducted by IFPRI in India, Kenya, and Mali on how village grain markets serve as important sources of seed for crops grown in dry, risky environments.
2) The research found that local traders in grain markets help preserve valuable landrace varieties and provide farmers with well-adapted seed, even after poor harvests. This challenges the view that grain markets are unreliable seed sources.
3) The briefs propose policy options to improve seed availability, reduce costs, and increase information sharing to help farmers in semi-arid areas cope with food price rises
Agriculture involves deliberate land modification through plant cultivation and animal husbandry for food, profit, or both. There are two main types: subsistence agriculture, where food production is primarily for farm family consumption, and commercial agriculture, where food is primarily produced for sale. Issues for both include population growth pressures, need for intensification of practices, and pressures from international trade and cash cropping. Sustainable practices are important to avoid problems like overgrazing, soil degradation, and desertification.
Determinants of Teff Market Channel Choice in Abay Chomen District, Western E...Premier Publishers
This study analyzes the determinants of Teff market outlet choices in Abay chomen District of Ethiopia. Survey of one hundred eighty-four (184) household heads was conducted in three kebeles of the district in 2016. Multivariate Probit model was used to identify determinants of households’ teff market outlet choice decisions. Farm gate collectors, retailers and wholesaler marketing outlets were used by teff producing farmers in the study area. The model result revealed that age of the households significantly determined the probability of choosing farm gate, retailers and wholesalers market outlets. The study also revealed that sex, land size and quantity of teff produced in 2016 significantly affected the farm gate outlet choice of the smallholders. Additionally, the retailer outlet choice of farmers was significantly determined by quantity of teff produced. On the other hand, the wholesale market outlet choice of farmers was significantly determined by education level of the farmers. This implies that the need to invest on improving the education status of farmers; improving the production capacity of farmers that would help smallholder farmers to choose the more rewarding market outlet. Therefore, any policy attempting to benefit smallholder farmers to link with fair market outlets should focus on their educational status and their production capacity.
The maize mixed farming system: Highlights of characteristics, trends and dev...FMNR Hub
The presentation summarizes the characteristics, trends, and development priorities of the maize mixed farming system in Africa. It discusses key characteristics such as maize being the dominant crop while livelihoods also depend on other crops, livestock, and off-farm work. It also defines nine sub-systems within the maize mixed system and notes trends such as population growth, declining farm sizes, and soil fertility decline posing challenges. The presentation concludes by providing examples of strategic interventions needed across areas like natural resources management, energy, markets, and policies to improve the sustainability and resilience of the maize mixed farming system.
This document summarizes 12 sources that examine the relationship between agricultural commercialization, food security, and nutrition in the uplands of Laos. It identifies 24 key findings from the literature around how commercialization is transforming livelihoods and impacting different groups. The findings note that commercialization benefits some households but harms the most vulnerable with little land; access to land and forest foods is declining; and food security increasingly depends on wage labor, global markets, and ability to cope with risks like debt.
1) Dryland cereals like sorghum and millet are important staple crops for over 500 million people in Africa and Asia. They are drought tolerant and can be grown in harsh environments where other crops cannot.
2) Demand for these crops is increasing due to population growth and new markets. However, production is constrained by drought, degraded soils, pests, and lack of improved varieties.
3) The organization is working to develop more resilient varieties of sorghum and millet using modern breeding techniques like high-throughput phenotyping and genomic tools to integrate drought tolerance and other traits. This will help meet the projected 40% increase in demand for these crops by 2020.
Mixed farming refers to an agricultural system where a farmer grows crops and also raises livestock, such as dairy cows, poultry, or bees. This allows the farmer to fully utilize their land and labor throughout the year. Mixed farming provides advantages like increased nutrition, food security, and income from multiple sources. While production may be lower compared to specialized farming, mixed farming overall offers higher returns and makes use of animal manure as fertilizer. It is becoming more popular among Australian farmers.
Overview of Tropical Legumes Projects (TL I, TL II & TL III) - the Chickpea S...Tropical Legumes III
The projects helped increase chickpea production and productivity in Ethiopia in three key ways:
1) It contributed to the development and release of 7 new chickpea varieties that were higher yielding and more resistant to diseases and drought.
2) Over 100 improved breeding lines were introduced each year and evaluated, with farmers participating in selecting new preferred varieties.
3) Farmer seed producer associations were established and trained to address seed shortages, increasing certified seed production from under 700 tons to over 3000 tons over the course of the projects.
Rising Food Prices and Small Farmers Access to SeedSeeds
1) The document discusses the impacts of high food prices on small farmers and proposes policy options to improve farmers' access to quality seed. It summarizes research conducted by IFPRI in India, Kenya, and Mali on how village grain markets serve as important sources of seed for crops grown in dry, risky environments.
2) The research found that local traders in grain markets help preserve valuable landrace varieties and provide farmers with well-adapted seed, even after poor harvests. This challenges the view that grain markets are unreliable seed sources.
3) The briefs propose policy options to improve seed availability, reduce costs, and increase information sharing to help farmers in semi-arid areas cope with food price rises
Agriculture involves deliberate land modification through plant cultivation and animal husbandry for food, profit, or both. There are two main types: subsistence agriculture, where food production is primarily for farm family consumption, and commercial agriculture, where food is primarily produced for sale. Issues for both include population growth pressures, need for intensification of practices, and pressures from international trade and cash cropping. Sustainable practices are important to avoid problems like overgrazing, soil degradation, and desertification.
Determinants of Teff Market Channel Choice in Abay Chomen District, Western E...Premier Publishers
This study analyzes the determinants of Teff market outlet choices in Abay chomen District of Ethiopia. Survey of one hundred eighty-four (184) household heads was conducted in three kebeles of the district in 2016. Multivariate Probit model was used to identify determinants of households’ teff market outlet choice decisions. Farm gate collectors, retailers and wholesaler marketing outlets were used by teff producing farmers in the study area. The model result revealed that age of the households significantly determined the probability of choosing farm gate, retailers and wholesalers market outlets. The study also revealed that sex, land size and quantity of teff produced in 2016 significantly affected the farm gate outlet choice of the smallholders. Additionally, the retailer outlet choice of farmers was significantly determined by quantity of teff produced. On the other hand, the wholesale market outlet choice of farmers was significantly determined by education level of the farmers. This implies that the need to invest on improving the education status of farmers; improving the production capacity of farmers that would help smallholder farmers to choose the more rewarding market outlet. Therefore, any policy attempting to benefit smallholder farmers to link with fair market outlets should focus on their educational status and their production capacity.
The maize mixed farming system: Highlights of characteristics, trends and dev...FMNR Hub
The presentation summarizes the characteristics, trends, and development priorities of the maize mixed farming system in Africa. It discusses key characteristics such as maize being the dominant crop while livelihoods also depend on other crops, livestock, and off-farm work. It also defines nine sub-systems within the maize mixed system and notes trends such as population growth, declining farm sizes, and soil fertility decline posing challenges. The presentation concludes by providing examples of strategic interventions needed across areas like natural resources management, energy, markets, and policies to improve the sustainability and resilience of the maize mixed farming system.
This document summarizes 12 sources that examine the relationship between agricultural commercialization, food security, and nutrition in the uplands of Laos. It identifies 24 key findings from the literature around how commercialization is transforming livelihoods and impacting different groups. The findings note that commercialization benefits some households but harms the most vulnerable with little land; access to land and forest foods is declining; and food security increasingly depends on wage labor, global markets, and ability to cope with risks like debt.
1) Dryland cereals like sorghum and millet are important staple crops for over 500 million people in Africa and Asia. They are drought tolerant and can be grown in harsh environments where other crops cannot.
2) Demand for these crops is increasing due to population growth and new markets. However, production is constrained by drought, degraded soils, pests, and lack of improved varieties.
3) The organization is working to develop more resilient varieties of sorghum and millet using modern breeding techniques like high-throughput phenotyping and genomic tools to integrate drought tolerance and other traits. This will help meet the projected 40% increase in demand for these crops by 2020.
Mixed farming refers to an agricultural system where a farmer grows crops and also raises livestock, such as dairy cows, poultry, or bees. This allows the farmer to fully utilize their land and labor throughout the year. Mixed farming provides advantages like increased nutrition, food security, and income from multiple sources. While production may be lower compared to specialized farming, mixed farming overall offers higher returns and makes use of animal manure as fertilizer. It is becoming more popular among Australian farmers.
Overview of Tropical Legumes Projects (TL I, TL II & TL III) - the Chickpea S...Tropical Legumes III
The projects helped increase chickpea production and productivity in Ethiopia in three key ways:
1) It contributed to the development and release of 7 new chickpea varieties that were higher yielding and more resistant to diseases and drought.
2) Over 100 improved breeding lines were introduced each year and evaluated, with farmers participating in selecting new preferred varieties.
3) Farmer seed producer associations were established and trained to address seed shortages, increasing certified seed production from under 700 tons to over 3000 tons over the course of the projects.
This document provides notes on key topics for the Geography of Food. It begins by outlining the format for answering questions and providing tips for exams. It then defines various types of farming systems and provides examples. Trends in food consumption are summarized for MEDCs and LEDCs. Factors influencing food supply, production and distribution are defined. Models of the demographic transition and innovations like the Green and Blue revolutions are briefly introduced. The document concludes by mentioning Malthus vs. Boserup theories and various cutting-edge agricultural techniques.
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops by Pham Hung Cuong, Vietnamapaari
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops by Pham Hung Cuong, Vietnam - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
This document discusses factors that affect the intensity of food crop production. It begins by looking at changes in the food supply chain since the 1960s and increased productivity trends for rice and wheat. Some key challenges farmers face are discussed such as climate, soil conditions, land tenure systems, and land fragmentation. Economic factors like the purpose of farming (subsistence vs. commercial), demand, and trade are also reviewed. The role of government policy, including agricultural and food policy, in ensuring sufficient food supply is then examined. Finally, political cooperation through groups like ASEAN and the EU to jointly plan for food security contingencies is covered.
Determinants of commercial mixed farming on small farms in kenyaAlexander Decker
- The document discusses a study on the determinants of commercial mixed farming on small farms in Kenya. A survey of 388 small farms in Thika, Kenya was conducted.
- The results showed that farm size, gender of the farmer, availability of electricity and running water on the farm were the main determinants of engaging in commercial mixed farming.
- The study recommends policies to discourage subdivision of farmland into uneconomical sizes and intensifying rural electrification and farmer training programs to enable more commercial farming.
Innovative Chickpea Seed and Technology Delivery Systems in Eastern and South...Tropical Legumes III
Small scale chickpea farmers require complementary functional seed and product markets if sustainable seed production is to be achieved.
Selection of chickpea variety by farmers is largely influenced by consumer demand and market superiority.
Participatory variety selection enhances cost effective testing and increases chances of varietal adoption.
Market pull is key driver for success in Ethiopia which resulted in stakeholder participation and government’s policy support.
Involvement of policy makers is crucial for quick dissemination of proven technologies (eg, Ethiopia).
Realizing Rural and Agricultural Transformation in Ethiopia – Some Reflectionsessp2
The document discusses agriculture and rural transformation in Ethiopia. It analyzes the current state, progress made, drivers of progress, remaining vulnerabilities and bottlenecks. Key bottlenecks include inadequate seeds, small farm sizes, land degradation, and challenges with policy implementation capability. Priorities for accelerating transformation include promoting land rental markets, transforming opportunities for small farms, expanding seed research, enhancing policy capabilities, and developing a long-term program to transform dryland and degraded areas.
This document summarizes a study on vertical farming. It provides background on vertical farming, discusses potential pitfalls and market size. It also lists some market leaders in vertical farming technology and equipment, and examples of vertical farming operations in Canada. It covers topics like land tenure, government policies around agriculture, and investments in vertical farming startups.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in agricultural geography including:
- The three agricultural revolutions that industrialized farming practices.
- How traditional subsistence farming has given way to globalized industrial agriculture dominated by agribusiness.
- The environmental impacts of intensive farming methods such as soil degradation, deforestation, and global warming.
- Alternative food movements that aim to make agriculture more sustainable and local.
An overview of chickpea improvement program of ethiopia #TropicallegumesTropical Legumes III
The chickpea improvement program released 24 improved varieties (17 national and 7 regional)
The released/pipeline varieties have traits such as:
• large seed (64 g/100 seed weight)
• Disease resistance (Ascochyta blight/Fusarium wilt)
• Drought tolerance (MABC)
• Early maturing
• High yielding
• Machine harvestable
• Heat tolerant
The average yield gain due to these varieties is 2-3 fold over landrace varieties
Projects such as TL II have aggressively supported variety development, release and dissemination through integrated seed systems
Integration of the formal and informal seed production and distribution system has enhanced availability
With the uptake of these varieties and associated production packages, the national productivity has been on steady increase.
For the past half century, potato production has grown slowly in the Andean region of South America, where the potato originated and has long been a major staple food. The exception is Peru, where potato production has surged in recent years. Based on a review of official Peruvian statistics, this Innovation Brief documents trends in Peruvian potato production over the past half century, estimates production and marketing of native and improved potato varieties over the past decade, and identifies factors that have influenced these trends. The recent growth in Peru’s potato production reflects changes in both supply and demand. On the supply side, the rapid expansion of Peru’s road network, the increasing number and size of trucks, and the spread of cellphones have dramatically improved the links between highland farmers and dynamic urban markets and have reduced marketing costs. On the demand side, the image of the potato has changed from one of a “poor man’s food” to one of an under-exploited national treasure and source of pride. The Project for Potato Innovation and Competitiveness in Peru (INCOPA Project) has promoted the cultivation and use of native potatoes through public-private alliances that pursue: innovations in production and marketing, policy changes, and public awareness. This initiative appears to have stimulated demand for native and improved potatoes and it has also contributed to the supply of new production technology. Many small farmers, including those who cultivate native potatoes, have benefitted from the recent increases in potato production, sales, and farm-gate prices. The main benefits of market chain innovation and increased market demand for potatoes have accrued to early innovators characterized by higher levels of education, larger land holdings, better access to credit and input supplies and to markets for their products, and superior endowments of financial and social capital and entrepreneurial capabilities.
This study examines the role of the private sector in climate-smart agriculture practices among small-scale farmers in Lushoto District, Tanzania. It finds that the local private sector is mostly informal, with agricultural trade dominated by independent traders from Lushoto. Traders play an important role in connecting farmers to markets but also face risks from factors like market oversupply and crop losses. The study also analyzes the seed systems, input supply chains, and challenges around maintaining crop diversity and reducing pesticide use in the region. It concludes with recommendations like developing ICT platforms to help traders, supporting farmer managed seed systems, and prioritizing integrated pest management.
The document discusses research findings on agriculture for food and nutrition security. It notes that while smallholder farmers produce much of the world's food, their work and knowledge remain understudied and under-supported by policies. Effective approaches focus on integrating smallholders into markets while strengthening rural employment and including smallholders in development. However, agricultural innovation often overlooks indigenous knowledge and focuses only on technology and productivity. The role of smallholder farmers in food production requires more research funding and a new paradigm that values their knowledge and sees them as part of the solution to food insecurity.
Policies for Pulses production, trade and programmesFAO
http://www.fao.org/pulses-2016/en/ International Year of Pulses - Global Dialogue - IYP Thematic Presentations - Boubaker Ben Belhassen, Director Trade and Markets Division, FAO
This document provides an overview of fruit culture in Afghanistan. It discusses the country's climate and environment, the importance of horticulture to its economy, and production of various fruits. Afghanistan has a generally dry climate with cold winters and hot summers suitable for growing fruits like grapes, almonds, pistachios, and citrus. Horticulture provides food security, income, and an alternative to poppy production. The document outlines efforts to improve fruit cultivation through better varieties, irrigation, soil management, and support for farmers.
The impact of improved seed development: The success story of the Quncho teff...essp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). Conference on "Towards what works in Rural Development in Ethiopia: Evidence on the Impact of Investments and Policies". December 13, 2013. Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa.
Agricultural inputs, plant protection, electricity and dieselAjit Majumder
Agricultural inputs are the requirements to carry out the agricultural activity like fertilizers, pesticides, machineries, land, ideas, knowledge, ect.
Pesticides are the most important agricultural input required post and pre harvest in the agriculture.
Chemical Control are;- pesticides, fungicide: Chemical control consist of spraying and dusting the plant by chemicals and poisons or mixing these into soil to kill pests and diseases which inhibit the soil pest and diseases which inhibit the soil. The most used chemicals s, weedicides, rodenticides, and fumigants.
Chemical Control are;- pesticides, fungicide: Chemical control consist of spraying and dusting the plant by chemicals and poisons or mixing these into soil to kill pests and diseases which inhibit the soil pest and diseases which inhibit the soil. The most used chemicals s, weedicides, rodenticides, and fumigants.
Electricity is one of the most indispensable agricultural input in modern agricultural practices.
The use of electricity in developed countries have reached to such a position where in India electricity use in farm base activities is still to reach recognizable dimension.
Use of electricity can supplement to the present agricultural labor crisis as many manual works can be performed by use of electricity power.
Plowing of field, pumping of water, threshing, spraying of pesticides, spraying of fertilizers and many more work can be done by use of electricity.
“Dynamics of gender equity and household food security in rice-based farming systems” presented by Kamala Gurung, IRRI-Bangladesh at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
India has significant potential to boost agricultural productivity and reduce poverty. While India is the second largest producer of rice, its yields are only about half of those in China and other countries like Indonesia and Vietnam. Improving farming techniques and adopting practices from high-yielding countries could allow India to produce an additional 100 million tons of rice annually. However, Indian agriculture faces challenges like population pressure, small land holdings, inadequate irrigation, depleted soils, lack of storage, and poor farm implements. Steps like incentivizing states to reform agricultural markets, increasing private sector extension, and targeting foreign buyers of Indian foods could help realize India's agricultural potential.
Potential yields and yield gaps in wheat: the bases of wheat yield progressCIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Tony Fischer (CSIRO, Australia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Agriculture is crucial for Afghanistan's economy, accounting for 25% of GDP and employing the majority of the workforce. However, agricultural productivity and incomes remain low due to a lack of irrigation, rural infrastructure, skills, and support services. Most farmers practice subsistence farming on small landholdings with rain-fed crops. Expanding irrigation, improving crop varieties, and linking farmers to markets could boost yields, incomes, and jobs. A two-pillar strategy focusing on both irrigated commercial farming and rain-fed subsistence areas could help reduce Afghanistan's high poverty and unemployment rates.
WHEAT: The Vital Grain of Civilization and Food SecurityCIMMYT
Wheat is a vital staple crop that is grown on 215 million hectares worldwide, an area equivalent to the size of Greenland. Nearly $50 billion worth of wheat is traded globally each year. Wheat provides a key source of protein for many developing countries, and is the dominant staple crop in North Africa and Central Asia, providing up to half of daily calories. Meeting rising global demand for wheat by 2050 will require growing 60% more wheat than today. While improved varieties and practices have increased wheat production since the 1960s, extreme weather and market instability have caused price spikes that harm poor consumers. Continued development of new wheat technologies and policies can help meet accelerating global demand in a sustainable way.
This document provides notes on key topics for the Geography of Food. It begins by outlining the format for answering questions and providing tips for exams. It then defines various types of farming systems and provides examples. Trends in food consumption are summarized for MEDCs and LEDCs. Factors influencing food supply, production and distribution are defined. Models of the demographic transition and innovations like the Green and Blue revolutions are briefly introduced. The document concludes by mentioning Malthus vs. Boserup theories and various cutting-edge agricultural techniques.
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops by Pham Hung Cuong, Vietnamapaari
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops by Pham Hung Cuong, Vietnam - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
This document discusses factors that affect the intensity of food crop production. It begins by looking at changes in the food supply chain since the 1960s and increased productivity trends for rice and wheat. Some key challenges farmers face are discussed such as climate, soil conditions, land tenure systems, and land fragmentation. Economic factors like the purpose of farming (subsistence vs. commercial), demand, and trade are also reviewed. The role of government policy, including agricultural and food policy, in ensuring sufficient food supply is then examined. Finally, political cooperation through groups like ASEAN and the EU to jointly plan for food security contingencies is covered.
Determinants of commercial mixed farming on small farms in kenyaAlexander Decker
- The document discusses a study on the determinants of commercial mixed farming on small farms in Kenya. A survey of 388 small farms in Thika, Kenya was conducted.
- The results showed that farm size, gender of the farmer, availability of electricity and running water on the farm were the main determinants of engaging in commercial mixed farming.
- The study recommends policies to discourage subdivision of farmland into uneconomical sizes and intensifying rural electrification and farmer training programs to enable more commercial farming.
Innovative Chickpea Seed and Technology Delivery Systems in Eastern and South...Tropical Legumes III
Small scale chickpea farmers require complementary functional seed and product markets if sustainable seed production is to be achieved.
Selection of chickpea variety by farmers is largely influenced by consumer demand and market superiority.
Participatory variety selection enhances cost effective testing and increases chances of varietal adoption.
Market pull is key driver for success in Ethiopia which resulted in stakeholder participation and government’s policy support.
Involvement of policy makers is crucial for quick dissemination of proven technologies (eg, Ethiopia).
Realizing Rural and Agricultural Transformation in Ethiopia – Some Reflectionsessp2
The document discusses agriculture and rural transformation in Ethiopia. It analyzes the current state, progress made, drivers of progress, remaining vulnerabilities and bottlenecks. Key bottlenecks include inadequate seeds, small farm sizes, land degradation, and challenges with policy implementation capability. Priorities for accelerating transformation include promoting land rental markets, transforming opportunities for small farms, expanding seed research, enhancing policy capabilities, and developing a long-term program to transform dryland and degraded areas.
This document summarizes a study on vertical farming. It provides background on vertical farming, discusses potential pitfalls and market size. It also lists some market leaders in vertical farming technology and equipment, and examples of vertical farming operations in Canada. It covers topics like land tenure, government policies around agriculture, and investments in vertical farming startups.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in agricultural geography including:
- The three agricultural revolutions that industrialized farming practices.
- How traditional subsistence farming has given way to globalized industrial agriculture dominated by agribusiness.
- The environmental impacts of intensive farming methods such as soil degradation, deforestation, and global warming.
- Alternative food movements that aim to make agriculture more sustainable and local.
An overview of chickpea improvement program of ethiopia #TropicallegumesTropical Legumes III
The chickpea improvement program released 24 improved varieties (17 national and 7 regional)
The released/pipeline varieties have traits such as:
• large seed (64 g/100 seed weight)
• Disease resistance (Ascochyta blight/Fusarium wilt)
• Drought tolerance (MABC)
• Early maturing
• High yielding
• Machine harvestable
• Heat tolerant
The average yield gain due to these varieties is 2-3 fold over landrace varieties
Projects such as TL II have aggressively supported variety development, release and dissemination through integrated seed systems
Integration of the formal and informal seed production and distribution system has enhanced availability
With the uptake of these varieties and associated production packages, the national productivity has been on steady increase.
For the past half century, potato production has grown slowly in the Andean region of South America, where the potato originated and has long been a major staple food. The exception is Peru, where potato production has surged in recent years. Based on a review of official Peruvian statistics, this Innovation Brief documents trends in Peruvian potato production over the past half century, estimates production and marketing of native and improved potato varieties over the past decade, and identifies factors that have influenced these trends. The recent growth in Peru’s potato production reflects changes in both supply and demand. On the supply side, the rapid expansion of Peru’s road network, the increasing number and size of trucks, and the spread of cellphones have dramatically improved the links between highland farmers and dynamic urban markets and have reduced marketing costs. On the demand side, the image of the potato has changed from one of a “poor man’s food” to one of an under-exploited national treasure and source of pride. The Project for Potato Innovation and Competitiveness in Peru (INCOPA Project) has promoted the cultivation and use of native potatoes through public-private alliances that pursue: innovations in production and marketing, policy changes, and public awareness. This initiative appears to have stimulated demand for native and improved potatoes and it has also contributed to the supply of new production technology. Many small farmers, including those who cultivate native potatoes, have benefitted from the recent increases in potato production, sales, and farm-gate prices. The main benefits of market chain innovation and increased market demand for potatoes have accrued to early innovators characterized by higher levels of education, larger land holdings, better access to credit and input supplies and to markets for their products, and superior endowments of financial and social capital and entrepreneurial capabilities.
This study examines the role of the private sector in climate-smart agriculture practices among small-scale farmers in Lushoto District, Tanzania. It finds that the local private sector is mostly informal, with agricultural trade dominated by independent traders from Lushoto. Traders play an important role in connecting farmers to markets but also face risks from factors like market oversupply and crop losses. The study also analyzes the seed systems, input supply chains, and challenges around maintaining crop diversity and reducing pesticide use in the region. It concludes with recommendations like developing ICT platforms to help traders, supporting farmer managed seed systems, and prioritizing integrated pest management.
The document discusses research findings on agriculture for food and nutrition security. It notes that while smallholder farmers produce much of the world's food, their work and knowledge remain understudied and under-supported by policies. Effective approaches focus on integrating smallholders into markets while strengthening rural employment and including smallholders in development. However, agricultural innovation often overlooks indigenous knowledge and focuses only on technology and productivity. The role of smallholder farmers in food production requires more research funding and a new paradigm that values their knowledge and sees them as part of the solution to food insecurity.
Policies for Pulses production, trade and programmesFAO
http://www.fao.org/pulses-2016/en/ International Year of Pulses - Global Dialogue - IYP Thematic Presentations - Boubaker Ben Belhassen, Director Trade and Markets Division, FAO
This document provides an overview of fruit culture in Afghanistan. It discusses the country's climate and environment, the importance of horticulture to its economy, and production of various fruits. Afghanistan has a generally dry climate with cold winters and hot summers suitable for growing fruits like grapes, almonds, pistachios, and citrus. Horticulture provides food security, income, and an alternative to poppy production. The document outlines efforts to improve fruit cultivation through better varieties, irrigation, soil management, and support for farmers.
The impact of improved seed development: The success story of the Quncho teff...essp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). Conference on "Towards what works in Rural Development in Ethiopia: Evidence on the Impact of Investments and Policies". December 13, 2013. Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa.
Agricultural inputs, plant protection, electricity and dieselAjit Majumder
Agricultural inputs are the requirements to carry out the agricultural activity like fertilizers, pesticides, machineries, land, ideas, knowledge, ect.
Pesticides are the most important agricultural input required post and pre harvest in the agriculture.
Chemical Control are;- pesticides, fungicide: Chemical control consist of spraying and dusting the plant by chemicals and poisons or mixing these into soil to kill pests and diseases which inhibit the soil pest and diseases which inhibit the soil. The most used chemicals s, weedicides, rodenticides, and fumigants.
Chemical Control are;- pesticides, fungicide: Chemical control consist of spraying and dusting the plant by chemicals and poisons or mixing these into soil to kill pests and diseases which inhibit the soil pest and diseases which inhibit the soil. The most used chemicals s, weedicides, rodenticides, and fumigants.
Electricity is one of the most indispensable agricultural input in modern agricultural practices.
The use of electricity in developed countries have reached to such a position where in India electricity use in farm base activities is still to reach recognizable dimension.
Use of electricity can supplement to the present agricultural labor crisis as many manual works can be performed by use of electricity power.
Plowing of field, pumping of water, threshing, spraying of pesticides, spraying of fertilizers and many more work can be done by use of electricity.
“Dynamics of gender equity and household food security in rice-based farming systems” presented by Kamala Gurung, IRRI-Bangladesh at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
India has significant potential to boost agricultural productivity and reduce poverty. While India is the second largest producer of rice, its yields are only about half of those in China and other countries like Indonesia and Vietnam. Improving farming techniques and adopting practices from high-yielding countries could allow India to produce an additional 100 million tons of rice annually. However, Indian agriculture faces challenges like population pressure, small land holdings, inadequate irrigation, depleted soils, lack of storage, and poor farm implements. Steps like incentivizing states to reform agricultural markets, increasing private sector extension, and targeting foreign buyers of Indian foods could help realize India's agricultural potential.
Potential yields and yield gaps in wheat: the bases of wheat yield progressCIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Tony Fischer (CSIRO, Australia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
Agriculture is crucial for Afghanistan's economy, accounting for 25% of GDP and employing the majority of the workforce. However, agricultural productivity and incomes remain low due to a lack of irrigation, rural infrastructure, skills, and support services. Most farmers practice subsistence farming on small landholdings with rain-fed crops. Expanding irrigation, improving crop varieties, and linking farmers to markets could boost yields, incomes, and jobs. A two-pillar strategy focusing on both irrigated commercial farming and rain-fed subsistence areas could help reduce Afghanistan's high poverty and unemployment rates.
WHEAT: The Vital Grain of Civilization and Food SecurityCIMMYT
Wheat is a vital staple crop that is grown on 215 million hectares worldwide, an area equivalent to the size of Greenland. Nearly $50 billion worth of wheat is traded globally each year. Wheat provides a key source of protein for many developing countries, and is the dominant staple crop in North Africa and Central Asia, providing up to half of daily calories. Meeting rising global demand for wheat by 2050 will require growing 60% more wheat than today. While improved varieties and practices have increased wheat production since the 1960s, extreme weather and market instability have caused price spikes that harm poor consumers. Continued development of new wheat technologies and policies can help meet accelerating global demand in a sustainable way.
The document summarizes opportunities for agricultural investment and business development in Georgia. It outlines that Georgia has excellent climate and soil conditions for agriculture but small plot sizes, lack of training, outdated equipment, and poor infrastructure currently limit productivity. There are opportunities to introduce modern farming techniques and technology, improve seed quality, introduce irrigation, upgrade storage facilities, and improve animal husbandry to substantially increase yields. Successful agricultural investment and development could capitalize on Georgia's trade agreements and local/regional demand while solving problems currently faced by farmers.
The official concern for food productivity stagnation calls for a Second Green Revolution involving new hybrid rice and transgenic rice varieties. However, traditional rice landraces prove to be fine tuned to local soil and climatic conditions. Traditional farmer landraces can yield significantly greater in marginal environmental conditions than any modern hybrid variety. Traditional agoecological knowledge and farmer innovations are the best bet to address the food security issue.
Mushroom cultivation a home business By Dr Munir AUP PeshawarMr.Allah Dad Khan
Mushroom cultivation can provide opportunities for self-employment and income generation for small landless farmers, unemployed youth, and women. It requires little land and resources to start, with short harvest cycles. Mushroom production utilizes vertical space intensely and is more productive per unit area than traditional agriculture. It can improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods while supporting sustainable use of agricultural waste for substrate.
1. The document discusses the potential for Latin America to become a major global supplier of rice, the world's most important staple crop, to help meet rising global demand.
2. For Latin America to realize this potential, yields would need to increase to 7 tons per hectare and costs of production would need to lower to $1,000 per hectare to compete globally.
3. Significant investments in agricultural research and development as well as stable trade policies would be required for Latin America to capitalize on its land and water resources and become a future "rice bowl" region.
Grain legumes are an important source of protein and income for 600 million vulnerable people globally. However, production is declining due to competition from cereals and challenges in seed production and access. This document outlines an integrated research approach to increase grain legume productivity and production. It involves: 1) Using modern breeding techniques like genome sequencing to develop drought-tolerant and disease-resistant varieties. 2) Creating insect-resistant varieties using transgenic and wild-species approaches. 3) Harnessing doubled haploid and hybrid techniques. The goal is to meet rising demand and ensure current and future generations benefit from more productive and sustainable grain legume farming.
A lecture in Quantitative Sustainability
It is often claimed that agricultural productivity needs to be increased in order to feed a growing world population. Food security depends on several factors besides the productivity, including waste/efficiency, energy crops, meat consumption, and global justice and equity. This lecture explores the issue of food security in its many dimensions and teaches how to use a high-level systems approach in sustainability science.
This document summarizes the progress being made towards increasing food production in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses how cereal yields have risen 50% between 2005-2013 after stagnating for decades below 1 metric tonne per hectare. Interventions across the agricultural value chain, including improved seeds and fertilizers, extension services, storage, processing, markets and financing, have contributed to this rise. Continued efforts to address inputs, production practices, and market access could help lift yields to 3 metric tonnes per hectare across the region and eventually to 5 metric tonnes, though significant challenges remain.
This document discusses trends, opportunities and challenges in the vegetable sector in Africa. It notes that vegetables are important for nutrition but consumption is below recommended levels. The vegetable sector faces challenges including lack of improved varieties, weak value chains and markets, and sustainability issues. However, there are also opportunities to improve smallholder livelihoods and address malnutrition through increased vegetable production and consumption. Urbanization is increasing the importance of urban and peri-urban vegetable systems in Africa.
This document discusses conservation agriculture and its potential benefits for increasing food production in Africa. It notes that Africa's population is projected to increase substantially by 2050 while food production has been declining. Conservation agriculture principles of minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations can help build soil health and increase yields while making agriculture more sustainable. The document questions whether high external inputs alone are a sufficient solution given issues of access and risk for smallholder farmers. It highlights some lessons from other agricultural development programs and the need for diversification beyond a focus on crop yields. Examples from other regions show conservation agriculture being adopted at large scales, and there is potential for it to be scaled up appropriately in Africa.
At 179.9 million hectares, India holds the second largest agricultural land in the world. A majority of the Indian population relies on agriculture for employment and livelihood. Steady investments in technology development, irrigation infrastructure, emphasis on modern agricultural practices and provision of agricultural credit and subsidies are the major factors contributing to agriculture growth.
The country has today emerged as a major player in the global agriculture market. Agriculture accounts for 14 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) and about 11 per cent of India’s total exports; it is also an essential link in the supply chain of the manufacturing sector and at the same time constitutes a big market for industrial products. Currently, India is the world's largest rice exporter and second in terms of wheat exports. Horticulture exports have also seen good growth. India's agro exports during 2013–14 touched US$ 45 billion as against US$ 25 billion in 2011–12.
The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under the Ministry of Agriculture is the nodal organisation responsible for development of the agriculture sector in India. The organisation is responsible for formulation and implementation of national policies and programmes aimed at achieving rapid agricultural growth through optimum utilisation of land, water, soil and plant resources of the country.
Coffee Banana Intercropping: An Intimate Relationship with Triple WinsDennis Ochola
Coffee-Banana Intercropping is a climate-smart agricultural practice based on indigenous knowledge. It increases farmer incomes, improves resilience to climatic impacts, and sequesters higher amounts of carbon as opposed to monocropping systems. The practice also has positive effects for rural women and household nutrition.
CIMMYT's mission is to increase the productivity of maize and wheat systems to ensure global food security and reduce poverty. It has worked towards this mission for over 70 years through agricultural research and partnerships. Maize, wheat and rice remain critically important staple crops, providing over 40% of the world's food and a major source of calories and protein for billions in developing countries. CIMMYT's research on improving yields, nutrition, and climate resilience of these cereals through partnerships has been integral to global food security and poverty reduction.
Advances in transportation and food storage have transformed global agriculture. Containerization of shipping freight and refrigerated containers allow for long-distance transportation of perishable goods. This globalizes food supply chains and shifts production to optimal growing regions. Food can be produced in different parts of the world and shipped internationally year-round. Cooler containers also extend the storage life of products. Together these innovations drastically reduce waste and give consumers access to diverse, out-of-season foods.
Advances in transportation and food storage have transformed global agriculture. Containerization of shipping freight and refrigerated containers allow for long-distance transportation of perishable goods. This enables regions to specialize in certain crops based on climate and trade globally. Food can be transported greater distances and stored longer before reaching consumers. Overall these changes have led to more international specialization in agriculture and year-round availability of many crops worldwide.
This document summarizes a seminar on the green revolution and the need for a second green revolution. The seminar covered the history and introduction of the original green revolution, including the development of high-yielding varieties, expansion of irrigation, and use of fertilizers and pesticides. Constraints on current agricultural practices and the need for changes were also discussed. The second green revolution would focus on issues like poor irrigation infrastructure, stagnating yields, and rising population through techniques like drought-tolerant crops developed using biotechnology.
National rice development strategy of ghanaFatimata Kone
This document presents Ghana's National Rice Development Strategy (NRDS) from 2008 to 2018. It aims to double rice production in Ghana to address food security and import reliance. Currently, Ghana's rice production only meets 24% of domestic demand but consumption is rising. The strategy was developed by national experts based on constraints like inadequate land, seeds, fertilizer, and machinery. It proposes increasing production in rain-fed upland, lowland and irrigated areas. If implemented successfully, the strategy could increase per capita rice consumption to 63kg by 2018 and reduce the country's reliance on rice imports.
Ukraine f&v vc and changing nature of workPotapov Sergii
Challenges for the Ukrainian horticultural market in the coming year & and their connection with the new nature of work (for the training course "The Future of Work: Preparing for Disruption"
Green Team is a vertically integrated fresh produce company in Ukraine that grows, stores, processes, packages and distributes vegetables. It has a 50,000 ton state-of-the-art storage facility and farms over 1,200 hectares using international best practices. Green Team offers onions, cabbages, carrots and other vegetables to retail and wholesale markets in Ukraine and is expanding into exports and an onion peeling facility. It aims to be a reliable partner offering high quality vegetables and flexible packaging options to customers.
03122015 MOLDOVA report about business tripPotapov Sergii
This document summarizes Vladimir Ternovskyi and Sergiy Potapov's business trip to Moldova from December 1-3, 2015 as part of the Ukrainian Horticultural Business Development Project (UHBDP). It includes their meeting schedules, descriptions of organizations visited including the National Agency for Rural Development (ACSA) and its rural extension service network, as well as an overview of the Moldova Agriculture Competitiveness Project (MAC-P) which is focused on enhancing food safety, market access, and sustainable land management in Moldova's agriculture sector.
- MEDA aims to establish 10,000-15,000 small private farmers in clusters and achieve 50,000 metric tons of consolidated horticulture sales valued at $40 million annually by the end of the UHBDP project. This is one of the project's objectives.
- Aggregation involves merging equal sets of production parameters from farmers to create raw materials, which are then processed and moved to end consumers. For horticulture, having a source to form cultivation specifications and aggregate raw materials like fruits and vegetables is important.
- The UHBDP matching grants program provides investment awards on a competitive basis to help qualified SMEs implement business plans, with a focus on lead farmers, niche/experimental high-
Saffron is a highly valuable spice that is laboriously produced from the Crocus sativus plant. It grows from corms planted in well-draining soil in full sun. Its vivid red pistils are picked by hand from flowers that bloom in October and dried to produce the expensive spice. Saffron is easy to grow with little chemical intervention needed but yields are very low, requiring hundreds of worker hours to produce just one kilogram. Its high value makes it a profitable crop despite the intensive labor. Saffron has many culinary and medicinal uses and its market price remains high due to limited global production.
Green Team is a vertically integrated vegetable producer and distributor in Ukraine with over $40 million invested. They operate their own farm and work with selected growers in the Kherson region. Green Team has developed a 50,000 ton state-of-the-art vegetable storage facility and invested in high standard processing and packaging equipment. Their current product offerings include onions, cabbages, beets, and carrots for both domestic retail and wholesale markets. Their goal is to be a reliable partner and help develop fresh vegetable distribution in Ukraine.
the balance of exports and imports onions, scenario prices for the first half...Potapov Sergii
1. The document analyzes onion import and export data from 2007-2012 for several countries including the Netherlands, India, China, Canada, South Korea, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine.
2. It finds that the Netherlands, India, and China are typically net exporters of onions, while Canada and South Korea are typically net importers. Poland has transitioned from a net exporter to Russia and Ukraine to a net importer in recent years.
3. Russia has also transitioned from a net importer to a more balanced trade, as investments in domestic onion production have increased, and it may become a net exporter to Ukraine in the near future. Ukraine's trade patterns are less clear but it aims to better predict
1. UHBDP
Український проект бізнес-розвитку плодоовочівництва
Kakhovka, Ukraine September 14, 2015
Dry Beans.
Prospects for the product that generates high added value.
2. Overview
UHBDP
• Dry edible beans, or field beans, come in a wide variety of market classes, including kidney
bean, navy bean, pinto bean, and black bean. These beans, although differing in the size and
coloring of the seed, are all just different types of a single species, Phaseolus vulgaris L.
• Originally domesticated in Central and South America over 7000 years ago, dry beans
moved their way northward through Mexico and spread across most of the continental U.S.
• Although grown on a much smaller acreage than soybeans, dry beans are still an important
food crop in the U.S. The leading states in dry bean production are North Dakota, Michigan,
Nebraska, Colorado, California, and Idaho (The same climate of South Ukraine).
• However, the advantage of dry beans as an alternative is their relatively high price, ranging
from $12 to $20 per bushel (0,88-1,46 USD/kg).
ttps://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/articles/ji-beans.html
3. Overview
UHBDP
• According to the 2007 Census of Agriculture, 6,236 U.S. farms produced dry edible beans (excluding
dry lima beans) on 1.46 million acres, 24 percent of which was under irrigation. More than a fourth of
that irrigated land was in Nebraska. North Dakota produced the most dry beans, 38 percent of the
national output, in 2006-08. Michigan (14 percent), Nebraska (11 percent), Minnesota (10 percent),
and Idaho (7 percent) were among the top five States. The average farm value of the dry bean crop
was $759 million in 2006-08, with about $2 billion in estimated consumer sales
http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/vegetables-pulses/dry-beans.aspx
Exports
• The United States shipped more than 8.9 million cwt of dry beans, a slight increase from the previous
year, to 102 nations in 2010. Mexico, Canada and the United Kingdom (UK) remained the top
three destinations, accounting for 50 percent of dry bean exports. The volume shipped to Canada
rose by double digits (38%) while the volume shipped to Mexico and to the UK dropped by double
digits (-23% and -10% respectively). (ERS 2011)
http://www.agmrc.org/commodities__products/grains__oilseeds/dry-edible-bean-profile
5. Overview
UHBDP
• The mature pods prior to harvest. Modern varieties of the crop stand erect with
most of the pods high up the stem where they can be easily harvested. Typically
beans contain twice the protein content of cereal crops like wheat - a factor that has
contributed to their continued use in the UK over the last 3000 years.
• Harvesting beans The national bean crop typically covers between 110 and 170,000
hectares each year. Average yields for the UK crop are around 3.75 tonnes per
hectare with typical values between £70 - £90 per tonne.
• Most of the bean crop is grown for stock feed and is used as a locally grown GM
free alternative to protein crops like soya.
• The major human consumption market for beans is the Middle East where
beans are used prior to the Ramadan fasting period.
http://www.ukagriculture.com/crops/field_beans_uk.cfm
6. Overview
UHBDP
Canada's Dry Bean Industry
• There are several types of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) produced in Canada including white
pea beans (navy beans), red kidney beans, great northern, black, small red, pink, pinto and
cranberry (Romano) beans. A warm-season crop, sensitive to frost, dry bean quality is
evaluated on the basis of three main criteria: size, shape and colour. Dry beans are a
leguminous crop and are able to fix their own nitrogen. Crop rotation with cereals grains or
corn is recommended to reduce disease, improve soil fertility, and help in overall weed control.
http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/industry-markets-and-trade/statistics-and-market-information/by-product-sector/crops/pulses-and-special-crops-
canadian-industry/dry-bean/dry-bean-statistics/?id=1174506503179
7. Overview
UHBDP
Canadian Bean Acres, Production, Exports Up (Sep 14,
2012)
• According to Statistics Canada’s survey of farmers, dry bean
acres have rebounded from last year. Statistic can estimates
white dry bean acreage at 100,000, up from 55,000 last year,
an 82 percent increase. Acres of colored beans are pegged
at 182,000, up 58 percent from the 115,000 acres planted in
2011.
• As a result, total Canadian dry bean production and supply
are expected to rise, especially for the larger classes of dry
beans such as white pea and pinto types. Exports are
forecast to increase due to the increased supply and carry-
out stocks are expected to rise. The US and the EU-27 are
forecast to remain the main markets for Canadian dry beans,
with smaller volumes going to Japan and countries in Africa.
• Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada pegs total Canadian dry
bean area at 291,000 acres, up 71 percent from 2011.
Production is expected to jump 59 percent from last year, to
230 million tons. Exports are estimated to rise 20 percent
from the previous marketing year, and the average dry bean
price is projected to decline 12 to 13 percent.
http://www.farms.com/news/canadian-bean-acres-production-exports-up-55224.aspx
8. Overview
UHBDP
• Over 12 million tons of dry beans are produced annually world-wide, with a total
production value of US million $5717.
• Of this production, 81 percentage occurs in tropical countries.
• Today, Brazil remains the most important country for production and consumption of
beans in the world (13), followed by Mexico. These two countries are nearly self-
sufficient in the crop, but bean imports can be essential to supplement periodic
production shortfalls.
The United States has lost its position as top world exporter to China.
Unlike rice and wheat, fundamental to the Chinese diet, dried beans are not
government controlled in China. Farmers have a valuable cash crop with
production almost wholly for export. This has made China the fastest growing
supply source in the world although quality control is lacking.
http://www.fao.org/3/a-av015e.pdf
10. • Beans - traditional culture for Ukraine. Unfortunately, in recent
decades, the area under this crop was small, it mainly grown in
home gardens. According to the State Statistics Service of
Ukraine, on the basis of bean production in 2014 amounted to
43.3 kT, which is almost 20% higher than the previous year and
reached record levels (2014). Over the last five years, production
of beans varied from 28.8 to 43.3 kT.
• The main factors that influence the production include cultivation
area and yield of crops. Thus, last year the beans were grown on
an area of 28.7 kHa, more than the previous year by 13%.
• Thus in recent years the area under the crop was less than last
year. The actual yield of beans in all categories Ukraine
significantly inferior biological.
• If potential yield varieties of beans exceed 2 t/Ha, in fact located
within 1,7 t/Ha. In addition, in some years did not exceed 1 t/Ha.
• http://www.agro-business.com.ua/ekonomichnyi-gektar/3047-pryvablyvist-kvasoli.html
Overview.
Dynamics of production beans in Ukraine
UHBDP
11. UHBDP
Український проект бізнес-розвитку плодоовочівництва
Kakhovka, Ukraine, October 7, 2015
«BEANS WAY»
FIRST phases
Sustainable development of
small farms in Southern Ukraine
Creating a Service Cooperative as a collective of like-minded
12. Main objectives for the Project UHBDP
• The Project UHBDP should create the opportunity to
develop the greatest possible number of small farms
(SHF&MHF, from 2 to 50 hectares) to get more income
every new year in particular region.
• The Project UHBDP helps to create and rooting new for
the region efficient forms cooperation small producers
of fresh fruits and vegetables - a new generation of
Service Cooperatives.
• The Project UHBDP creates a successful example of
small growers, followed by multiple repetition of the
experience for other regions and other crops.
• The Project UHBDP creates the preconditions for the
development of financial instruments for the
development of both small growers and Service
Cooperatives.
• The project should make an attempt to find new
avenues for sales (export other direction, except for
Russia and Europe) products with High Added Value.
UHBDP
13. Main objectives for small growers (SHF&MHF)
• Small growers (SHF&MHF) are eager to find a crop
that allows them to stable every year get added value
and not lose money.
• Small growers (SHF&MHF) looking for a culture that
would be involved in the crop rotation and created
ideal conditions for the cultivation of vegetables after
harvesting of this crop.
• Small growers (SHF&MHF) looking for additional
sources of funding (financial instruments) for use as
working capital for agro inputs.
• Small growers (SHF&MHF) trying to find a permanent
and stable markets for their products and be able to
plan their family budget or their company.
• Small growers (SHF&MHF) looking to stay in a
comfortable and easy to understand for themselves
zone - growing area, not distracted by trade
processes.
UHBDP
14. Assumptions for FIRST phases (climate & farming community):
• Kakhovka region has become vegetable growing epicenter of
Ukraine.
• Over 50% of all open field vegetable drip irrigation is used in Kherson
region where of Kakhovka is the pioneering growth driver
• Dry climate (average annual rainfall less than 400 mm), ideal soil
types for vegetables and sustainable water availability for irrigation
are exists
• The region has scaled in vegetable growing the past 10 years 8 times
which 2010 represents an utilization of 24% of irrigated land
availability
• Solid base of reliable farmers that are keen to develop ( «Chumak»
15 year experience, «Green Team» 5 year experience).
• All major agriculture input suppliers have their main offices in
Kakhovka region which is proving strategic viability.
• The population of Kherson region (TOTAL) on 1 July 2015 amounted
to 1065.0 thousand people, including in urban areas - 651.7 thousand
people, rural - 413.3 thousand people.
• Approximate number of small farms in the Kherson region, the main
source of income is the cultivation of vegetables
is estimated 60 000 households (SHF).
UHBDP
15. Assumptions for FIRST phases (climate in relation to the cost):
UHBDP
Northern regions Southern regions
Yield less 2,2 MT/Ha
• Enough rain. No drip irrigation.
• You can not make additional fertilizer
and anti-stress agents directly
to the plant.
• The unstable weather during
the harvest creates additional risks,
and reduces the quality for storage.
• The fungicidal agents can be added
only by leaf, and the main
problems accumulate inside.
• Insufficient rainfall,
drip irrigation needs
• Fertilizers, plant protection
products (fungicides) and the
anti-stress agent may be delivered
directly to each plant.
• Dry weather during the harvest
allows you to get the beans with
the required humidity value.
• Bean pod needs further treatment
to avoid the early disclosure.
cost price up
cost price down cost price up
cost price up
cost price up
cost price down
cost price down
cost price up
16. Assumptions for FIRST phases (growers):
• grow crops, which each year produces high
added value and provided the requirements of
the export specification leaves the country. This
culture does not generate a crisis of
overproduction because of the need the high
cost of manual labor and relatively low yields
(unattractive to large farmers and agricultural
holdings).
• gets an ideal precursor for vegetable crops,
which restores the balance of nitrogen in the
soil.
• at relatively low investment in the cultivation
generates income to grow steadily the
household in general.
UHBDP
With the ability to sell the beans to the export market
small farmers gain:
17. Assumptions for FIRST phases (product):
• Beans - traditional crop for Ukraine.
• Small growers (SHF&MHF) do not feel fear for a new culture
and do not engage in cultivation due to lack of a market strategy
(e.g. export deliveries).
• At this point in time the culture of growing uniform product to
create export consignments is not widely used.
• The increase of Muslims among the European population (eg
refugees from Syria) form additional opportunities for the
development of exports of dry beans.
• Low investment in the cultivation of one hectare – at level 28
000 UAH (1120 USD)/per 1 Ha make this product available for
growing small farmers (SHF&MHF) without much financial
assistance.
• If the expected yield (worst case of drip irrigation) to 5 tons per
hectare cost of beans in the rolls will be within 5.6 UAHkg
(`0.22 USD).
• Difficulties in harvesting and (important!!!) threshing -
creating an opportunity for the creation of cooperatives
(service cooperatives of the new generation).
• Beans refer to products with a high protein content at a low
cost to the poor and is widely used for food in developing
countries.
UHBDP
20. Assumptions for beans for the export market
UHBDP
Ø soybeans (100g = 600-800 pcs)
Max 2,5 Ø soybeans Min 2,5 - Max 6,5 Ø soybeanshigh export opportunities
100g = 600-400 pcs 100g = 350-150 pcs
21. The real situation with the harvest of beans for small farmers
UHBDPLabour productivity is 100 kg of dry beans after winnowing (shift - 4 men who have threshing)
Women to harvest beans in rolls (run-up) Men prepare rolls for threshing
Men threshed beans rolls Gathering beans in the bucket before winnowing
https://youtu.be/pczYaQ3db7U https://youtu.be/vvhZjvXbm8E
https://youtu.be/upi7l5Wa0Rk https://youtu.be/S4vsTxpwcb8
22. Assumptions for two ways of harvesting & threshing dry beans
UHBDP
Ø soybeansMax 2,5 Ø soybeans Min 2,5 - Max 12 Ø soybeans
Yield less 2,2 MT/Ha Yield more 2,2 MT/Ha
Mechanical harvesting with harvester directly into the hopper
mechanical sorting (loss of 5-11%) mechanical sorting (loss of 2-3%)
product with
high added value
Picking of rolls in the trailer Thrashing roll on a special
threshing drum
of less than 300 rpm
23. Assumptions for fixed assets owned by the cooperative
UHBDP
http://store.farmstart.ca/blogs/farmerreviews/12062361-growing-grains-dried-beans-on-small-farms-5-tools-to-buy-if-
you-can-t-buy-everything-by-simon-jacques
pick-up rollers thresher for dry beans
devices for treatment against pests grain storage for dry beans (optional)
24. Assumptions for Coop triggers for creating (by Alexandra Garmash)
UHBDP
https://meda.sharepoint.com/Contracts/1064/_layouts/15/Lightbox.aspx?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmeda.sharepoint.com%2FContracts%2F10
64%2FShared%2520Documents%2FCoop%2520triggers%2520for%2520creating.png
26. Assumptions for FIRST phases
(commercial, for a trial period):
• for the first year of production,
we can not fully appreciate the
yield and costs level.
• for small farms, using their own
labor and traditional fertilizer, we
can not fully calculate the costs
• value GM 40% for SHF is
sufficiently high, but requires
additional knowledge of this
product
UHBDP
0,226 $
0,15 $
0,10 $
0,224 $
cost
of
Growing
(yield 4 or 8 MT)
added
Value
SHF
1 kg
gross income
Cooperative
gross income
Aggregator
average price
for export (split)
- 700 $/MT EXW
basic model
see Appendix
27. Assumptions for FIRST phases
(EXPECTED RESULT):
UHBDP
1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 year 6 year
Participating SHF number 60 150 300 1000 3000 2500
Average size of beans plot Ha 1.5 2 2 1.3 1 2
The total beans area Ha 90 300 600 1300 3000 5000
Cost of growing 1 ha of beans USDHa 900 900 900 900 900 900
Yield (plan) MTHa 4 5 6 6 7 6
Expected sale price for the farmer USDMT 376 400 400 420 420 400
Gross yield MT 360 1500 3600 7800 21000 30000
Gross turnover SHF kUSD 135.36 600 1440 3276 8820 12000
Gross income SHF kUSD 54.36 330 900 2106 6120 7500
Gross margin % 40% 55% 63% 64% 69% 63%
28. 40%
55%
63% 64%
69%
63%
1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 year 6 year
%
Assumptions for FIRST phases
(EXPECTED RESULT):
UHBDP
60 150 300
1000
3000
2500
1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 YEAR 6 YEAR
ParticipatingSHF
Development Project "Beans". First phase .
Numbers of SHF
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 year 6 year
kUSD
Development Project "Beans". First phase
Gross turnover SHF & Gross income SHF
Gross turnover SHF Gross income SHF Linear (Gross income SHF)
29. UHBDP
Український проект бізнес-розвитку плодоовочівництва
Kakhovka, Ukraine October 26, 2015
Creating a Service Cooperative as a collective of like-minded
«BEANS WAY»
SECOND phases
Sustainable development of small farms in
Southern Ukraine
Lima Beans (unshelled)
30. Assumptions for SECOND phases :
• Fresh beans - a more attractive product for export.
• Sale price at the conditions EXW could reach more than $ 4 per 1
kg with a relatively small change in the cost of growing and
harvesting.
• This stage requires a higher level of preparation infrastructure.
• Requirements for products can be found at the link
http://www.oecd.org/tad/code/46591391.pdf
UHBDP