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Agricultural inputs, plant protection, electricity and diesel

This document discusses the importance of agricultural inputs, particularly focusing on plant protection measures, pesticides, and the role of electricity and diesel in agriculture. It highlights India's position in the global pesticide market and underscores the need for effective distribution and marketing of agrochemicals to improve agricultural productivity. Additionally, it addresses government initiatives for subsidizing electricity and diesel for farmers while noting the challenges in the agricultural input mechanism that need to be addressed to enhance production.

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AGRICULTURAL INPUTS PLANT PROTECTION, ELECTRICITY AND DIESEL.
INTRODUCTION Agricultural inputs are the requirements to carry out the agricultural activity like fertilizers, pesticides, machineries, land, ideas, knowledge (HR) ect. Pesticides are the most important agricultural input required post and pre harvest in the agriculture.
WHY PLANT PROTECTION Efforts to increase the yields with the application of fertilizers, adoption of other techniques, provisions for irrigation may not bear fruits if the crops are exposed to the ravages of pests and diseases. If plant protection measures are adopted, the entire food deficit can be made good in due course of time. In view of the high yielding varieties programs, the plant protection program become more urgent and necessary as some of the varieties e more susceptible for diseases and pest the application of high doses of fertilizer promotes negative growth and increases the vulnerability to pest and diseases.
PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES. Against seed borne diseases through seed treatment before sowing. Against soil and surface insects through protective and curative spraying of pesticides through biological, cultural and other means. Against weed, through manual weeding and application of weedicides and herbicides. Against rodents and non-insects pest through mechanical and herbicides. Against snails and sugs by using moluscides.
CHEMICAL CONTROL Chemical Control are;- pesticides, fungicide: Chemical control consist of spraying and dusting the plant by chemicals and poisons or mixing these into soil to kill pests and diseases which inhibit the soil pest and diseases which inhibit the soil. The most used chemicals s, weedicides, rodenticides, and fumigants. Chemical production:
PRODUCTION Chemical production: pesticide are produced chemically after the formulation of the chemical. Pesticide industry is a subset of chemical industry which is in turn subset of hazardous industry. The global turnover of chemical industry is more than trillion US dollars. Indian chemical industry rank 12 by volume in the world production of chemical with the current size of approximately US 108 billion (about 3% ) of global industry . by 2017 Indian planning commission estimates that it could reach the size of 224 billion and 290 us billion about 65 of the global chemical industry and accounts for 7% of Indian GDP the share of industry in national export is i around 11%. In terms s of volume India rank 3rd in asia after china and japan. In value the size of the Indian pesticides alone stands 3.8 billion (us) in the year 2011 that produces even the chemical which are banned in developed countries.
EXPORT AND IMPORT OF PESTICIDES Key destination for Indian export markets of agrochemicals are USA, UK, France Netherland, BELgium Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Singapore. The export of pesticides from India has witnessed the exponential growth during the last few years. Globally India is the 13th largest exporter of pesticides in the world. Most of the exports are off patent products.
PROHIBITION OF IMPORT AND MANUFACTURING OF CERTAIN INSECTICIDES Any misbranded insecticides; Any insecticides the sale distribution or use of which is for the time being prohibited under section 27 Any insecticides except in accordance with the condition on which it was registered. Any insecticides in contravention of any other provision of this act or of any rule made there under.
CONT… . India rank 10th in world in pesticide consumption as its total consumption amounts to about 10 million tones. India is presently the largest manufacturer of basic pesticides among the south asian and African countries. Indian pesticides market is the 12th largest in the world. However the per hectare consumption iof pesticides in India is among the lowest in the world and currently stand at 0.6kg / hec against 5 to 7 kg /hectare in UK and and 13kg/hec in China, in order to increase yield and to build capacity to feed ever growing population agro chemical penetration is bound to go up.
MARKETING The Indian pesticides market is the 12th largest in the world. . However the industry has been plagued by problems arising out of the inefficiency of the supply chain and inadequate infrastructures which result in post harvest loses. The lack of an efficient distribution channels make it difficult to the agro chemical companies to reach to the farmers and educate them on usage and benefits. Companies are in a start up position on ICT use on marketing their product as an initiative to reach more farmers and cover more channels in the distribution network.
ELECTRICITY AGRI INPUT Electricity is one of the most indispensable agricultural input in modern agricultural practices. The use of electricity in developed countries have reached to such a position where in India electricity use in farm base activities is still to reach recognizable dimension. Use of electricity can supplement to the present agricultural labor crisis as many manual works can be performed by use of electricity power. Plowing of field, pumping of water, threshing, spraying of pesticides, spraying of fertilizers and many more work can be done by use of electricity.
DIESEL Diesel is the most commonly used commodity in agriculture. . Most of the mechanical operations are being carried out by diesel driven engines. Power tillers, tractor, threshers, reapers and other such mechanizations are made possible by use of diesel. Govt of India has come up with an idea to set up Kissan diesel pump stations to cater to the need of the farmers in rural areas. One such fuel station had been put up in Bajengdoba which is found to be helping farmers of that area immensely.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF ELECTRICITY AND DIESEL As we know the marketing and distribution of electricity and diesel is monopolistic in operations and no private suppliers can intervened in the system, the supply consistency depend on government policies and rules. Knowing the fact that these entities are inevitable for agricultural production and for the welfare of the nation’s economy, govt. has embarked some discount/ subsidies for the farmers.
PRICING OF ELECTRICITY AND DIESEL FOR AGRICULTURAL . Agriculture occupies the utmost importance in the economy and thus the Govt is taking all possible cares to encourage farmrs to increase their productions. One such step is by giving lower power tariff to the farmers. In Meghalaya Rs 50 is charged as fixed per kw per month just Rs 5 more than DLT which is 45/kw/month. Consumption charge is Rs. 2.25 per kwt where as they charged as high as Rs. 6.40 for other commercial purposes
ELECTRICITY SUBSIDY FOR FARMERS. Agricultural per hectare electricity subsidy to agriculture is the lowest in Meghalaya followed by Assam, Orissa and Arunachal. Agriculture consumed 23% electricity sold in India during 2012- 2013. Subsidized and sometimes free power to the farming sector has stimulated the agricultural growth and rural economy in India. Subsidy by government pays in varying proportion, for delivering benefit to the farmer’s end use inefficiency of the power utility and power diversion have created misunderstanding and confusions among the suppliers, consumers and goverment which hindrances the effective implementation of power subsidies to the farmers. Current system of power subsidy to the farmers delivering much less than intended benefit to them, is making financially unviable and unable to finance investment and putting a fiscal burden on states. High trust deficit between the suppliers, consumers, and the government have eluded mutual acceptable solutions. However Meghalaya is providing electricity to the farmers at lower tariff.
CONCLUSION The agricultural input mechanism need to be vitalized in order to enhance the agricultural production in the country. The inputs in physical form like fertilizer, pesticides, machines, power, labor and most importantly land constituted an important aspect of agriculture. The production largely depends on the quality of input one adopt on the field. The quality and proper application of these inputs directly proportionate to the quality and quantity of produces.
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