Download to read offline
More Related Content
Similar to Be 4750 final presentation final
Be 4750 final presentation final
- 1. Santee Experimental Forest WetlandRestoration Cecilia Eargle, Ashton Guest, Ramona Kahler, Aaron Reeser, and Madison Socha Clemson, SC December 3, 2019
- 2. Outline ● Introduction ○ Background ○Rationale ○ Objectives ○ Approaches ● Literature Review ● Materials and Methods ● Results ○ Flooding ○ Erosion ● Take Home Message ● Acknowledgements
- 3.
- 4. Background ● USDA issuedproject proposal ● Francis Marion National Forest ● 18th and 19th century irrigation canals and watering cattle ● 20th and 21st century timber and ecological research
- 5. Our Watershed Monitored Watersheds usedfor Reference
- 7. Rationale ● Degraded hydrology ○Channelization drained watershed ○ Bottomland hardwood forest ○ Hardwood flat ● Loss of natural habitat ○ Disrupted ecosystem ○ Destroyed habitat of native species
- 8. Objectives The objectives ofthis project are to (1) develop engineering systems for soil and water management to restore wetlands of the Francis Marion National Forest, (2) design hydraulic structures for open channel flow, and (3) evaluate designs based on their effectiveness, cost, and environmental impacts in order to recommend a final design that meets the standards for the best management practices outlined by the US Army Corps of Engineers
- 9. Approaches Task 1. Conducta preliminary site survey in order to determine the project boundaries and take measurements of the channel Task 2. Collect and analyze soil samples for soil physical and chemical characterizations Task 3. Perform hydraulic and hydrologic measurements for surface and groundwater characterizations Task 4. Determine U.S. Army Corps of Engineers proposed action guidelines Task 5. Model hydrology of the area to identify the best course of action for channels and wetlands Task 6. Evaluate cost analysis and environmental impacts for proposed solutions
- 10.
- 11.
- 12. Wetland Restoration Wetland restorationinvolves returning one or more of these three characteristics to a degraded site: ● Hydrology ● Hydric soil ● Wetland vegetation Restoration project sites can vary due to: ● Ditched, tiled and leveed areas for agricultural purposes ● Degradation from excessive logging ● Uncontrolled cattle grazing ● Unrestricted off-road vehicle use
- 13. Bottom Contouring ● Cutand fill method ● Modified by removal (cut) or addition (fill) ● Surface sediment ● Sediment fill can raise the water table in flat wetlands that have: ○ Channels ○ Ditches ○ Streams ● Equal cut and fill ○ No export or import of sediment
- 14. Cut and FillCase Study ● Location: Kissimmee River ○ Central Florida ● Problem: River became compartmentalized ○ Altered hydrology of surrounding areas ● Solution: Cut and fill ○ Increased the water table ○ Restored wetland habitats for native species
- 15. Water Control Structures ●Bring water into the wetland, and maintain a desired water level ● Inlet and Outlet Structures ○ Water will arrive to the wetland by gravity from surface streams ○ Outlet structures are designed to be the primary control on water level and maintain flow distribution ● Ease of operation and ability to set the desired water level. ○ Outlets devices should have enough capacity to accommodate for peak storm events within the design range
- 16. Weirs ● A structurebuilt across a river or stream and provides a constriction that regulates flow and raises the level of water upstream ● Can become blocked by ice or floating debris ● In small wetlands, flashboards or adjustable weir gates are common ○ Flashboard structures are made from stacked dimensioned lumber and water level is adjusted through the addition or removal of logs
- 17. Low Water Crossings ●Stable roadway used to cross streams ● Allows for the natural passage of water and sediment over a road with little to no maintenance ● Constructed of crushed aggregate, concrete, concrete planks and/or brick tiles ● Vented or Unvented
- 18. Vented Low WaterCrossing Case Study ● Location: Indian Creek ○ North Carolina ● Problem: Recreational fishing and high flow rate ● Solution: Vented Low Water Crossing ○ Easy access for fish ○ Protects crossing from damage Vents
- 19. Unvented Low WaterCrossing Case Study ● Location: Cienega Creek ○ Arizona ● Problem: Need for natural passage of flow because of seasonal flooding ● Solution: Unvented Low Water Crossing ○ Traffic passes with or without seasonal flooding
- 20. Berms ● Earthen embankmentsconstructed to contain water ● Require maintenance ● Sometimes created through scrapes ● Conjunction with water control structures
- 21. Ditch Plugs ● Thefilling of a section of a drainage path with an earthen wall ● Slow flow through a drainage path and increasing water retention ● Emergency spillways can protect the structure from damage. An orifice may be used to allow flow through the ditch plug
- 22. Ditch Plugs CaseStudy ● Location: Seney, MI ● Problem: Need to restore land back to its original environment, a wetland ○ 2002 USDA began restoration project ● Solution: Ditch Plugs ○ 9 Plugs ○ Colonization of wetland species and rise of water table Ditch Plug
- 23. Tile Breaks ● Removalor breaking of an underground clay or perforated plastic drain tile ● Buried at a depth of two to six feet, drain tile is often removed by a contractor ● Tile breaks restore wetland hydrology, vegetation and wildlife back to its original ecosystem
- 24. Tile Breaks CaseStudy ● Location: Ozaukee County ○ Wisconsin ● Problem: Drain tiles dried out the soil ○ Agricultural fields had been made out of wetlands ○ 1989 USDA proposed wetland restoration ● Solution: Tile Breaks ○ water table levels began to rise and wetland vegetation was making a come back
- 25. Venturi Flumes ● Channelthat transports water through the use of gravity ● A constriction in a standard flume forces the flow upstream of the constriction to be subcritical, and downstream to become supercritical ● Flumes allow unimpaired passage through the structure, however, do not form a stilling basin upstream ● Examples of constricted flumes are the H- Type and the Parshall flume
- 26. Vegetation Establishment ● Restoredwetlands place considerable emphasis on vegetative diversity ● Competitive die-out continuously changes plant communities ● Assisted Natural Selection ● Altering the water table, the top layer of the zone of saturation, can have a impact on the prosperity of certain plant species in an area
- 27.
- 28. Our Project Site ●Our site: ○ Hardwood Flat ○ A 1500 ft section of Nicholson Creek Watershed, most of which has been channelized ○ The watershed is approximately 500 ac ○ Surface elevations varying from 3.5 to 6.5 ft ○ Less than 1 % slope Stream restoration sites ---- Project site
- 29. Hardwood flat dendrology (6) Dwarfpalmetto Sabal minor (7) Swamp chestnut oak Quercus michauxii Bottomland hardwood forest dendrology (1) American holly Ilex opaca (2) American beech Fagus grandifolia Dendrology found in both (3) Loblolly pine Pinus taeda (4) American sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua (5) Red maple Acer rubrum (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
- 30. Soil Conditions ● Hydricsoil is soil that is permanently or temporarily saturated with water. Soil can take years to reach hydric conditions ● An indicator of hydric mineral soil is called gleying ○ Gleying is a lack of oxygen in soil which turns the soil a blue or grey ● The sediment beneath the topsoil of this project area is grey supporting that the watershed already contains appropriate soil for wetland restoration to be viable without the need for hydric soil conditions to develop or the import of hydric soil
- 31. Climate Conditions ● Thisproject site experiences 44-49 in of rainfall per year ● During the fall it experiences less than 2 in of rainfall per month ● In the summer the area experiences 6-8 in per month due to intense hurricanes and thunderstorms ● These rainfall periods can cause inundation of the watershed during this time of the year ● This gives us an adequate amount of water to raise the water table with the proper wetland restoration technique
- 32. Topographic Surveying ● DigitalElevation Model (DEM) map ○ 1 meter resolution ○ Provides specific topographic data such as flood bank levels
- 33. Channel Survey ● FloodBank Level ○ Channel dimensions ○ Total station ● Channel ○ Open channel cross-section found with range finder ○ Control structure dimensions
- 34. Soil Collection andAnalyses ● Soil was collected at several key points along and in the channel using a manual auger ○ Soil analyses ○ Soil type ○ Soil physico-chemical properties
- 35. Groundwater Monitoring ● Awell was installed in the channel to monitor the water table height in 15 minute intervals since implementation ● allows for a comparison with watershed 80 which has historical flow and climate data
- 36. Bottom Contouring ● Usethe soil that is currently on the channel banks to fill in the bottom of the channel ● Large horizontal:vertical side slope increases wetted perimeter, decreasing flowrate
- 37. Culvert Removal ● Twoculverts at intersection of main channel and Tanner Road ● This site is a potential location for a low water crossing ● Stormwater flow does not currently rise to a high enough elevation to overflow the road ● Removing this culvert reduces flow in the drainage channel
- 38. ● Auto ComputerAided Design version 2018 ○ Modeled channel dimensions to show cut and fill ■ Design equal cut and fill ○ Model a weir addition ○ Model the creation of a low water crossing Modeling Channel Dimensions and Hydraulic Structures with AutoCAD
- 39. Flow Modeling ● HydrologicEngineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) ● Inputs ○ geometry of site ○ Manning’s numbers (n) ○ Rainfall and Climate Data ○ Historic data, DHEC Stormwater Management Handbook ○ Site specific rainfall and climate data compiled by USDA FS
- 40. HEC-RAS Flow Model ●Uses the one-dimensional energy equation (1) to solve for flow ● Manning’s equation (2): used to find velocity ● Gives an output of flow area at each cross sectional area of the channel (1) (2)
- 41. Soil Modeling Inputs: ● Geometryof the site ○ Same variables as those used in flooding calculations ● Quasi-Unsteady Flow of the channel ○ Flow of the channel over time ○ Temperature of the area during the simulation time ● Sediment ○ Create a bed gradation: state the composition of the soil as percentiles of soil textures ○ Fall velocity- how the sediment types fall in the stream beds ○ Maximum depth
- 42. ● HEC-RAS usesthe Exner continuity equation to state that the difference between sediment entering and leaving an area must be either stored or removed from storage HEC-RAS Soil Model Sediment entering - sediment leaving = change in storage in the control volume (between cross-sections) (by erosion / deposition of sediment) Active layer porosity Transported sediment load Channel elevation
- 43.
- 44. Soil Data: SoilTexture ● Soil samples were collected along the channel and analyzed for their soil type and grain size ○ The results showed the composition included an average of 71.88% sand, 15.86% silt and 12.26% clay
- 45. Soil Data: ChemicalComposition ● Further analysis identified the chemical qualities of the soil ○ Including and average pH of 5.97, average Buffer pH of 7.68, and key nutrients in pounds per acre ○ These results provide a basis for analyzing what plant species are able to thrive in the soil Sample ID Soil pH Buffer pH P lbs/A K lbs/A Ca lbs/A Mg lbs/A Zn lbs/A Mn lbs/A Cu lbs/A B lbs/A Na lbs/A SS1 5.3 7.4 9 60 2038 172 1.4 25 0.2 0.8 21 SS2 6.4 7.95 61 27 1085 48 2.7 11 0.4 0.2 21 SSwell 6.2 7.70 458 78 3775 185 0.8 66 0.5 0.5 50
- 46. Rainfall and correspondingwater table ● Records the groundwater table height with respect to the bottom of the channel ● Shows the reaction of the water table from rainfall in 15 minute intervals since implementation ● If the channel bed is raised, the water table change would also be monitored
- 47. About Water –Groundwater Data ●Need to have Groundwater data
- 48.
- 49. Pre-Development – FloodingCross Sections ● HEC-RAS output flooding channel channel
- 50. Legend Floodplain Channel Banks Water Tanner Road Pre-DevelopmentFlooding Conditions
- 51. Pre-Development – FloodingData Predevelopment Velocity (ft/s) Cross sectional area (ft2) top width (ft) Average Upstream 0.33 11.24 73.17 Average downstream 0.43 10.75 66.02 Overall Average 0.41 10.86 67.51 Velocity ● A high water velocity could damage any present water control structure ● Keeping the velocity low allows for structure to withstand more intense flooding conditions Cross Sectional Area ● This is the area of the cross sections that is below water when running the simulation ● A higher cross sectional area means a greater water depth Top Width ● The top width is the width of the water’s surface ● The wider the water's surface, the higher the storage area for flooding
- 52. Pre-Development – Soilerosion conditions ● HEC-RAS soil transfer simulations are able to show soil build up across the different reaches of a river ● The build up is most easily identified when observing the Profile plot which shows a difference between the channel bed and the build up of soils
- 53. Post-Development – ChannelFilling ● Channel in AutoCAD Legend Area To Be Filled Area To Be Cut
- 54. Channel Filling FloodModeling Predevelopment
- 55. Channel Filling CrossSection Original Cross Section Adjusted Cross Section
- 56. Channel Filling Analysis WithChannel Filling Velocity (ft/s) Cross Sectional Area (ft2) Top Width (ft) Average Upstream 0.02 136.60 92.56 Average Downstream 0.38 10.99 64.38 Overall Average 0.31 37.16 70.25 Predevelopment Velocity (ft/s) Cross Sectional Area (ft2) Top Width (ft) Average Upstream 0.33 11.24 73.17 Average Downstream 0.43 10.75 66.02 Overall Average 0.41 10.86 67.51
- 57. Channel Filling CostAnalysis Component Name Price ($/unit) Quantity Cost ($) Compacted Sediment Fill $5.75 per yd3 245 yd3 $1408.75 Hydraulic Excavator $117.15 per hour 40 hr $4,686.00 Heavy Equipment Operators $33.69 per hour 40 hr $1,347.60 Mobilization $919.24 per item 1 excavator $919.24 Total Cost $8,361.59
- 58. Weir Installment FloodModeling Predevelopment
- 59. Weir Installment CrossSection Predevelopment Cross Section Post development Cross Section
- 60. Weir Installment Analysis WeirDesign Velocity (ft/s) Cross Sectional Area (ft2) Top Width (ft) Average Upstream 0.0220 135.2 92.6 Average Downstream 0.0663 113.8 102.0 Overall Average 0.0571 118.2 100.1 Predevelopment Velocity (ft/s) Cross Sectional Area (ft2) Top Width (ft) Average Upstream 0.33 11.24 73.17 Average Downstream 0.43 10.75 66.02 Overall Average 0.41 10.86 67.51
- 61. Weir Installment CostAnalysis Component Name Price ($/unit) Quantity Cost ($) Compacted Berm Sediment $5.75 per yd3 7 yd3 $40.25 Hydraulic Excavator $117.15 per hour 20 hr $2,343.00 Heavy Equipment Operators $33.69 per hour 20 hr $673.80 Concrete Weir $4.10 per bag 4 bags $16.40 Mobilization $525.28 per item 1 excavator $525.28 Total Cost $3,598.73
- 62. Culvert Removal FloodModeling Data Predevelopment
- 63. Culvert Removal CrossSections Predevelopment Cross Section Post development Cross Section
- 64. Culvert Removal Velocity (ft/s) Cross sectional area (ft2) Top Width(ft) Average Upstream 0.34 10.80 72.28 Average Downstream 0.43 10.75 66.02 Overall Average 0.41 10.77 67.32 Culvert Removal Analysis Predevelopment Velocity (ft/s) Cross Sectional Area (ft2) Top Width (ft) Average Upstream 0.33 11.24 73.17 Average Downstream 0.43 10.75 66.02 Overall Average 0.41 10.86 67.51
- 65. Culvert Removal CostAnalysis Component Name Price ($/unit) Quantity Cost ($) Compacted Earthfill $5.75 per yd3 3 yd3 $17.25 Hydraulic Excavator $117.15 per hour 18 hr $2,108.70 Heavy Equipment Operators $33.69 per hour 18 hr $606.42 Aggregate, Gravel $35.73 per yd3 14 yd3 $500.22 Low Water Crossing Planks $30 per plank 30 planks $9,000.00 Mobilization $262.64 per item 1 excavator $262.64 Total Cost $12,495.23
- 66. Flooding Solution Caparison AverageVelocity (ft/s) Average Cross Sectional Area (ft2) Average Top Width (ft) Predevelopment 0.41 10.86 67.51 Channel Filling 0.31 37.16 70.25 Weir Installment 0.0571 118.2 100.1 Culvert Removal 0.41 10.77 67.32
- 67. Cost Comparison Restoration Technique Final Cost ChannelFilling $8,361.59 Weir Installment $3,598.73 Culvert Removal $12,495.23 ● When compared the weir was concluded to be the most cost-effective option ● Installing a weir requires less time for installment as well as lower material costs
- 68. Weir Installation Testfor a Major Storm Event ● Modeled after Hurricane Matthew (category 5) ● 1,000 year storm event ● Peak flowrate at reference watershed: 1000 ft3/s
- 69. Major Storm EventData ● Desired approaching velocity for a weir is 0.5 ft/s ● Flood simulation resulted in an approaching velocity of 1.86 ft/s ○ The resulting velocity is high and may damage the weir if placed similarly to the model
- 70. Weir Modeled withAutoCAD Front View Top View
- 71. Soil Model-Weir Tanner Road Weir Legend OriginalChannel Base Areas of Soil Build-up Water TannerRoad Weir
- 72.
- 73. Take Home Messages ●In its current state, the Francis Marion National Forest hydrology is compartmentalized due to previous agricultural practices ● Case studies and further research show methods such as ditch plugs, culvert removal, tile breaks, and channel filling have proven to minimize the effects of channelization ● Using modeling programs such as HEC-RAS allow for different solutions to be simulated leading to making the best possible choice for a solution
- 74. Our Recommendation ● Byanalyzing a low level storm event in HEC-RAS, it was determined that the addition of a cement weir with a soil berm would be the most effective at reducing flowrates and increasing top width flooding to maximize the area of the hydric soil ● Using preliminary cost analysis, this is also the most cost-effective design option ● The berm will limit sediment transportation and seedbank dispersion for promoting the growth of wetland vegetation
- 76. Acknowledgements USDA Staff Dr. CarlC. Trettin, Team Leader & Suprv. Research Soil Scientist Mrs. Julie A. Arnold, Forestry Technician USACE Wetland Specialist Mrs. Andrea Hughes USACE Wetland Regulatory Deputy Mrs. Robin Socha Clemson University Staff Dr. Christophe Darnault, Ingénieur, Ph.D.
- 77.
Editor's Notes
- #2 Remove By, put names in row capstone design BE 4750 Midterm presentation Sponsored by Dr. Carl trettin (separate slide afterwards, towards the end ie. acknowledgement) Add date, location
- #3 Figure too large, change picture (satellite image) Bullet points Font too small Remove abstract Approach instead of tasks Remove comprehensive Remove inputs, models, outputs, place themes of results (flooding, erosions, post design) Discussion and Conclusion -> take home messages Remove References Thank you
- #5 In the 18th and 19th century this project site was channelized for irrigation of cash crops and watering livestock such as cattle.
- #6 `
- #7 This is a satellite image of our project site and as you can see there is highlighted straight channel that was dug out.
- #8 Format is off for rationale slide, explain the problems channelization is causing and explain why need to restore; Because of the problem (channelization) there is loss of surface water thus corrections would… Degraded hydrology Channelization has drained the watershed and a loss of surface water has changed the bottomland hardwood forest to a hardwood flat Loss of natural habitat Disrupting the ecosystem and destroying the habitat of native species such as the red-cockaded woodpecker
- #9 Remove indention Pause and read this with enthusiasm 2 become 3 Develop engineering system for soil and water management for restoration of wetland; Engineer restoration of wetland area (somehow add the words soil and water) 2. Design hydraulic structure 3. The objectives of this project are to (1) develop engineering systems for soil and water management to restore wetlands of the Francis Marion National Forest, (2) design hydraulic structures for open channel flow, and (3) evaluate designs based on their effectiveness, cost, and environmental impacts in order to recommend a final design for submission that meets the standards for the best management practices outlined by the US Army Corps of Engineers
- #10 https://wrt.org.uk/barrier-removal/ Approaches Conduct preliminary site survey Collect and analyze soil samples for soil physical chemical properties characterizations Perform hydraulic and hydrologic measurements for surface and groundwater characterizations Delete task 3 Consistent with US Create channel and wetland models of the restoration site Evaluate cost analysis and environmental impact for proposed solutions Remove 6 change 7 to recommendation
- #11 Wetland Restoration
- #13 Site history-> background Methods of restoration split to methods and hydraulic structure Move autocad and HEC-RAS to materials and methods Group remaining slides by the restoration req. And mention during presentation
- #14 Cut and fill is a method in which natural elevation of a surface is modified by the removal (cut) or addition (fill) of surface sediment Sediment fill in channels, ditches, or streams, is a common procedure to raise the water table of areas, especially in flat wetlands Equal cut and fill, where importing and exporting material from the site can be avoided, is the preferred option
- #15 Along the Kissimmee River, a dechannelization project backfilled sections of channelized floodplain. Water Tables in the areas increased and use of the restored sections by both birds and fish provided evidence of successful environmental restoration. The Kissimmee River spans from the headwater lakes of the Kissimmee river to Lake Okeechobee in central Florida In the past half century, the river had become compartmentalized which significantly altered the hydrology of surrounding areas such as the Everglades The use of cut and fill increased the water table, and the wetland habitats for native birds and aquatic organisms were restored
- #16 Water Control Structures are needed to bring water into the wetland, and maintain a desired water level. Many options are available which differ by magnitude of flow to be managed. Devices applied to convey water into the wetland are considered inlet devices, while devices that maintain flow distribution or control water level are outlet devices. For both agricultural and urban runoff marshes, point inlets are typically used. Water arrives to the wetland by gravity from surface streams, tile drain or stormwater collection systems. Inlet structures often are considered to be unnecessary. Outlets devices generally operate at the downstream end of the wetland. Outlet designs range in complexity from perforated plastic drain tiles to remote operated motor-actuated weirs. Outlet structures are designed to be the primary control on water level. Selection of device should include ease of operation and ability to set the desired water level. Outlets devices should have enough capacity to accommodate for peak storm events within the design range.
- #17 Weir blades can take a variety of shapes including triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal , which can lead to inaccurate discharge calculations A weir is a structure built across a river or stream used to regulate the flow of water and raise the water level of the area upstream. A weir creates a stilling basin upstream of the constriction. This constriction is known as a weir blade. Weir blades can take a variety of shapes including triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal, however, the blade can also become blocked by ice or floating debris which could lead to inaccurate discharge calculations. In small wetlands, flashboard and adjustable weir gates are common devices for outlet control. Flashboard structures are made from stacked dimensioned lumber and water level is adjusted through the addition or removal of logs, however, these devices have have rates of leakage. Adjustable weir gates offer the advantage of being continuously adjustable. In large applications weir designs can become complicated, sometimes rely on electrical power, or combine with other flow measurement elements such as flumes.
- #19 Perennial creek
- #20 Rarely used gravel road that was constructed for timber management and sales 26 years after construction no maintenance has been needed and the road passes traffic with or without seasonal flooding
- #21 Berms often increase water levels in a wetland above historic levels to creat open water. They also can protect a neighboring property from flooding. Berms require maintenance to control muskrat damage and to guard against erosion caused by heavy rains. Another issue with berms comes from elevated water levels inhibiting the germination of native vegetation where the seed bank is adapted to shallower water. On suitable sites, topsoil is stripped away to expose sub-surface soils, which are removed to create a berm
- #22 A ditch plug is the filling of a section of a drainage path up to the natural ground level with an earthen wall to impound water. The blockage is typically made of clay subsoil In large scale, an emergency spillway is incorporated to protect the structure from damage in times of high flow rate. An orifice may be used to allow flow through the ditch plug once it reaches a certain level Ditch plugs improve hydrology for degraded wetlands by slowing flow through a drainage path and improving water retention
- #23 Wetlands around the town of Seney, MI were ditched out and drained in the early 1900’s for agricultural use In 2002 the USDA attempted to restore this area back to its original environment by reducing the flow of water through a 4.5 km section of ditch with 9 ditch plugs 8 years later colonization of wetland species with the rise of the water table are indicators that the wetland is in the process of being restored in the area
- #24 in order to stop drainage from a desired wetland area
- #25 , 1.5 acres of agricultural fields had been made out of wetlands This was done by the installation of clay drain tiles that dried out the soil In 1989, the USDA proposed a wetland restoration of the area, and used the tile breaks in order to stop the drainage from the area
- #27 The Iowa conservation reserve enhancement program is a state, federal, local, and private partnership that provides incentives to landowners who voluntarily establish wetlands for water quality improvement in the tile-drained regions of iowa. is the opposite of “select and plant” where Plant pictures Selected plantings rarely survive, and natural recruitment and c With assisted natural selection no planting is needed, desired species of vegetation are brought in by wildlife and the environment is altered to better suit the prefered conditions for those species
- #29 This is background Refine project site (watershed 80) Consistency is good (2-14 m) Add slide about surface elevation Concerns
- #30 Pic 1: American holly Pic 2: American Beech Pic 3: Loblolly pine Pic 4: sweetgum Pic 5: red maple Pic 6: dwarf palm Pic 7: swamp chestnut oak Have a bottomland flat, want a bottomland forest (or swamp) What we can effect → promotion of growth Current trees present can go into background, promoted species can go into take home?
- #32 Outline different to fit into the section → starting data table? Int the background talk about hurricanes This allows us to tie in the different sections Make it about methods
- #33 Berkeley County DEM 1 m resolution Materials and Methods one slide Size down picture maybe add more pictures Surverying -topography land (total station) - channel dimensions Groundwater monitoring -water table (data logger) Modelling -HEC-ras -computer aid-design -cut and fill -weir design
- #36 Water table date from 2005 from watershed 80
- #37 Instead put what materials will be needed? 1ft Canal Filler Original Imported Sediment Volume 13,207 ft3 Natural Sediment Volume 3,411 ft3 New Imported Sediment Volume 9,796 ft3
- #39 Aaron
- #40 ● Flood and soil erosion modeling ● Hydraulic structures design ● Pre-development conditions (base-line) ● Post-development scenarios
- #45 Soil topographic map Need to show soil topo map of the site, Need to mark where is your watershed 80, where is the channel that is to be modified…
- #51 Superimpose this over a map decrease flow
- #55 Sum Flow Areas for each restoration technique/hydraulic structure Talk about how the road is a focus for USDA
- #59 Sum Flow Areas for each restoration technique/hydraulic structure Talk about how the road is a focus for USDA
- #60 Both of these cross sections are at the same point on the channel. This is Cross Section view of our predevelopment vs the cross section view upstream from the weir installation.
- #61 Compare pre vs weir design. Velocity of water is significantly lower and our floodplain has expanded tremendously causing the cross sectional area to increase as well
- #68 Eventually the culvert will have to be removed because its structure will wear overtime and eventually break and fail. So, we need to take that into consideration when we talk about implementing the low water crossing. It would have to be replaced due to the failure of the culvert.
- #69 By modeling a major storm event with the desired solution, we are able to confirm if the weir is able to withstand high flow conditions without blowing out
- #74 Cost Analysis