This document discusses hybrid electric vehicles. It defines a hybrid electric vehicle as any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power for propulsion. Hybrid electric vehicles have several key parts, including an engine, electric motor, generator, battery, and power split device. They work by using the electric motor for propulsion assisted by the engine when more power is needed. The generator charges the battery during braking to capture wasted energy. There are two main hybrid structures - parallel and series hybrids. Hybrids can help reduce oil consumption, emissions, and address climate change issues compared to conventional vehicles.

1. HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
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2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 PARTS OF HEV
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 HYBRID STRUCTURE
 TYPES OF HYBRIDIZATION
 REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
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3. INTRODUCTION
The world started down a new road in 1997 when the
first modern hybrid electric car, the Toyota Prius , was
sold in Japan. Two years later, the United States saw
its first sale of a hybrids, Honda Insight.
Now a days, hybrids can play a significant role in
addressing several of the major problems faced by the
United States and the whole world today like : unusual
climate change, air pollution and oil dependency ,
global warming.
vehicles that bring some of the benefits of battery
electric motor with the conventional engine.

4. WHAT IS HEV…?
 Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can
directly or indirectly provide propulsion of vehicle is called hybrid.
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Fuel
Transmission
Engine
Battery
Transmission
Motor/
Generator
Motor/
Generator
Battery Fuel
Transmission
Engine
CONVENTION
AL VEHICLE
ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE

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6. PARTS OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
1. Engine
 Engine is small as compare to conventional vehicle engine.
 Engine that provides maximum thermal efficiency (ratio of work done to the heat
supplied) range.
 Both low fuel consumption and low emission achieve.
 There are two types of engine, mostly used in HEV vehicle
a. Petrol Engine
b. Diesel Engine
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7.  Run the vehicle slow and smoothly during IDELING and to minimise fuel
consumption.
 IDELING means when vehicle is rest some hour then when we start it, It
consume more fuel to achieve working condition.
During more acceleration the vehicle run combines with IC engine.
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ELECTRIC
MOTOR

8.  It converts mechanical energy from engine into electrical energy,
THE ENERGY which can be used by electric motor stored in the
battery.
 It is very compact in size and High efficiency.
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GENERATOR

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Power split device
Power split device contain transaxle means (an integral
driving axle and differential gear in a motor vehicle). It
divide energy into
1.DRIVING SHAFT, 2.GENERATOR, 3.MOTOR

10.  It stores the energy from IC engine, regenerative braking system and coasting.
 There are 3 types of batteries used in HEV vehicles
a. Lead Acid(2.2 volt)
b. Nickel Cadmium (1.2 volt) (new Mahidra scorpio)
c. Lithium-ion(3.7 volt) (Use in TESLA Vehicle)
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BATTERY

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It is a computerized microprocessor.
The controller is used for charge the battery by generator, RBS,
coasting or to supply the power to electric motor .
a.During RBS function it stop the IC engine
controller

12. WORKING PRINCIPLE
Initially the vehicle is propelled by the help of electric motor instead of IC
engine to avoid IDELING. when vehicle run and to overcome IDELING
condition then the engine is start. During more acceleration the motor run
combines with IC engine.
The generator of the vehicle come into action during coasting (down fall of
vehicle), cruising and braking.
 The power split device plays an important role in HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLE, because contain transaxle means (an integral driving axle and
differential gear in a motor vehicle). It divide energy into
1.DRIVING SHAFT, 2.GENERATOR, 3.MOTOR
Regenerative Braking System is the Main advantages of HEV, because
During deceleration (release pedal from accelerator) the Generator applies
resistance on drivetrain causing the wheels to slow down. In return, the torque
from the wheels turns the GENERATOR & produce electricity and that
electricity is much higher so it is stored in battery for further use.

13. HYBRID STRUCTURE
According to Power train Configuration Hybrid vehicle are 2 type
Parallel Hybrids
Series Hybrids
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14. PARALLEL HYBRID STRUCTURE
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15.  Parallel hybrid have both an internal combustion engine and an electric
motor are parallel connected for more propulsion.
 Here Clutch is use because IC take part for propulsion of Vehicle.
 Electric motor is operating around the city, as well as in reverse gear,
During reverse gear the speed is limited.
 For more acceleration the electric motor starts working in parallel
with the IC engine to achieve more power.
 The battery can be recharged during regenerative breaking,
coasting(During down fall) and during cruising (when the ICE power
is higher than the required power for propulsion).
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16. SERIES HYBRID VEHICLE
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• The fuel goes to the engine, but the engine turns a generator.
• Electric motor is the only means of providing power to the
wheels.
• Then the generator supply power to electric motor for
propulsion of vehicle and some amount of energy store in
battery by inverter.
• The IC engine does not directly power the car.
• When large amounts of power are required motor consume
electricity from both the batteries and the generator.

18. TYPES OF HYBRIDISATION
Micro hybrid/Mild hybrid
Medium hybrid
Full hybrid
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19. MICRO HYBRID/MILD HYBRID
Here a integrated starter motor to
overcome IDELING
Regenerative braking
Are not capable of using the electric
motor to propel the vehicle
These systems are usually 42 volts or less
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20. MEDIUM HYBRIDIZATION
Here a integrated starter motor to
overcome IDELING
Regenerative braking
Most are not capable of using the
electric motor alone to propel the
vehicle
The electric motor usually assists
the engine
Battery voltages are about 144 to
158 volts
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21. . FULL HYBRIDIZATION
Here a integrated starter motor to
overcome IDELING
Regenerative braking
Electric motor capable alone to
propel the vehicle
The electric motor also assists the
engine during more acceleration
Battery voltages are about 200 to
300 volts
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22. REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM
 During deceleration (release pedal from accelerator) the Generator applies resistance
to the drivetrain causing the wheels to slow down.
 In return, the torque from the wheels turns the GENERATOR .
 Generator, which converting energy normally wasted during coasting (down fall of
vehicle), cruising and braking .
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23. Conclusion
A Cooler, Cleaner and More Secure Future
The technology exists to build a future with a significantly lower
dependence on oil and a cleaner, cooler environment. With sufficient
political will and automaker participation, this future can arrive in time to
address these significant and growing problems. Hybrids can play an
important role in realizing this future, filling the gap between immediate
improvements through conventional technology and the long-term
promise of hydrogen fuel cells and alternative fuels. Hybrids can help
drive passenger vehicle oil consumption and global warming emissions
from cars and trucks .

24. REFERENCE
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WWW.HEV.COM
WWW.YOUTUBELEARNINGENGI
NEERING.COM
WWW.HONDAPRUISE.COM

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