This document provides an overview of hybrid vehicles, including: - Their history from the first electric vehicle in 1839 to modern hybrids like the Toyota Prius introduced in 1997. - The two main types of hybrids - parallel and series - which differ in how the internal combustion engine and electric motor power the vehicle. - Regenerative braking, which converts kinetic energy from braking into electrical energy that charges the batteries. - The advantages of hybrids like increased fuel efficiency, decreased emissions, and energy recovery from regenerative braking.

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2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 TIME LINE
 TYPES OF HYBRID
 REGENERATIVE BRAKING
 ADVANTAGES
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3. INTRODUTION
What is a hybrid? A hybrid vehicle combines any two power
(energy) sources. Possible combinations include
diesel/electric, gasoline/fly wheel, and fuel cell (FC)/battery.
Typically, one energy source is storage, and the other is
conversion of a fuel to energy. The combination of two
power sources may support two separate propulsion
systems. Thus to be a True hybrid, the vehicle must have at
least two modes of propulsion.

4. INTRODUTION
•These two power sources may be paired in series, meaning that the gas engine charges the
batteries of an electric motor that powers the car, or in parallel, with both mechanisms driving
the car directly
•HYBRID means combination of two. VIZ. I.C. Engine and Electric Motor. Hybrid Electric
Vehicles (HEV’s) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV’s)

5. TIMELINE
1839, First electric vehicle
1890-1910 Significant improvement in battery technology (lead acid, nickel iron)
1997, the first modern hybrid electric car, the Toyota Prius, was sold in Japan
 1999 Honda Insinght released in US
2000, Toyota Prius available in US
2002, Honda Civic introduced
2004, Toyota Prius II introduced, Ford Escape Hybrid introduced

6. SCOPE
 Regenerative braking actually makes city driving more economical than on
the highway.
 Fuel efficiency is greatly increased (twice).
 Emissions are greatly decreased.
 Dependency on fossils fuels can be decreased.
 Hybrids can be run on alternative fuels as well.
 Concern for environment is increasing among people.
 Accept the auto mobile challenges according to road and load
 High Productivity

7. TYPES OF HYBRID
PARALLEL HYBRID
 Gasoline motor
 Batteries which powers an electric motor
 Both can power the transmission at the same time
 Electric motor supplements the gasoline
SERIES HYBRID
 Gasoline motor turns a generator
 Generator may either charge the batteries or power an electric motor that drives
the transmission
 At low speeds is powered only by the electric motor

8. REGENERATIVE BRAKING
A regenerative brake is an energy recovery mechanism
Converts Kinetic energy into Electrical form.
While braking, it absorbs 80% of kinetic energy.

9. ADVANTAGES
 ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY
 FINACIAL BENEFIT
 LESS FUEL CONSUMPTION
 REGENERATIVE BRAKE SYSTEM
 LIGHT WEIGHT MATERIAL
 COMPACT DESIGN
 AUTOMATIC START AND STOP
 LESS BIO-FUELS

10. CONCLUSION
Due to the proliferation of hybrid vehicles on the road today, responders must be
familiar with how these vehicles operate, and how to handle an emergency which
involves one of these vehicles.
Additionally, responders must stay up-to-date with current vehicle technology, as it is
continuously changing.

11. JAI HIND
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