The Bauhaus was an influential German art school operating from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and fine arts. It taught an approach to design that emphasized simplicity and functionality. The Bauhaus style went on to have a profound impact on art, architecture, design, and related fields. The school was founded in Weimar and later relocated to Dessau and Berlin under the direction of Walter Gropius and others before ultimately being closed by the Nazis.
Beginning in the mid-19th century, reformers led by the English designer William Morris had sought to bridge the same division by emphasizing high-quality handicrafts in combination with design appropriate to its purpose
Beginning in the mid-19th century, reformers led by the English designer William Morris had sought to bridge the same division by emphasizing high-quality handicrafts in combination with design appropriate to its purpose
In this class we consider the influential career of Walter Gropius, along with a discussion of the architecture, curriculum and student life at the Bauhaus.
In this class we discuss the career of Walter Gropius, with a particular focus upon the Bauhaus, which is significant not only for its architecture and curriculum, but for its people.
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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1. BAUHAUS
Bauhaus, was an art school in Germany that
combined crafts and the fine arts, and was
famous for the approach to design that it
publicized and taught. It operated from 1919
to 1933. At that time the German term. About
this sound Bauhaus (house of construction)
was understood as meaning "School of
Building". The Bauhaus had a profound
influence upon subsequent developments in
art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, indus trial design, and typography. The
Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in modern design, Modernist
architecture and art, design and architectural education.
History of the Bauhaus
Weimar
The school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar in
1919 as a merger of the Grand Ducal School of Arts and
Crafts and the Weimar Academy of Fine Art. Its roots lay in
the arts and crafts school founded by the Grand Duke of
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1906 and directed by Belgian Art
Nouveau architect Henry van de Velde. In 1919, after
delays caused by the destruction of World War I and a lengthy debate over who should head
the institution and the socio-economic meanings of a reconciliation of the fine arts and the
applied arts.
Dessau
Gropius's design for the Dessau facilities
was a return to the futuristic Gropius of
1914 that had more in common with the
International style lines of the Fagus
Factory than the stripped down Neo-classical
of the Werkbund pavilion or the
Völkisch Sommerfeld House.
Berlin
In late 1932, Mies rented a derelict factory in Berlin to use as the new Bauhaus with his own
money. The students and faculty rehabilitated the building, painting the interior white. The
school operated for ten months without further interference from the Nazi Party
