The Battle of Hydaspes was a decisive battle between Alexander the Great and King Porus in 326 BC on the banks of the Jhelum River in modern-day Pakistan. Porus had assembled a large army to defend the river crossing, but Alexander outmaneuvered Porus by crossing further upstream. In the ensuing battle, Alexander used clever tactics to defeat Porus's war elephants and encircle his cavalry, resulting in a victory for Alexander and allowing him to continue his conquest of India. Though wounded, Porus surrendered bravely and was allowed to remain king under Alexander's rule.

1. BATTLE OF HYDASPES
COMPILED
BY
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2. INTRODUCTION
 The Battle of Hydaspes was a decisive battle fought
between the armies of Alexander the Great and the
King Porus (also known as Poru, Paurava) in 326 BC
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3. Alexander the Great
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4. King Porus
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5. MAP
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6. MAP
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7.  The Battle of Hydaspes took place on the banks of the
Jhelum River (referred to by the old Greeks as
Hydaspes) in the Punjab region of the Indian
subcontinent (modern-day Punjab, Pakistan)
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9.  It ended in a victory for Alexander’s Macedonian Army
 The battle is significant for opening up the Indian
subcontinent to Ancient Greek political and social
influences
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10. AIM
 To give you the great knowledge on the Battle of
Hydaspes
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11. SCOPE
 INRODUCTION
 BACKGROUND OF THE BATTLE OF HYDASPES
 TIMING OF THE BATTLE
 CAUSES OF THE BATTLE OF HYDASPES
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12.  EVENTS OF THE BATTLE OF HYDASPES
 PORUS CAPTURED
 BATTLE OF HYDASPES - HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT
 CONCLUSION
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13. BACKGROUND OF THE BATTLE
 After Alexander defeated the last of the Achaemenid
Empire’s forces in 328 BC, he began a new campaign to
further extend his empire towards India in 327 BC
 Alexander's initial march across India went relatively
unchallenged, gaining a number of allies along the way
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14.  With the hope of avoiding a battle with the Indian
king, he sent an agent to Porus seeking a peaceful
resolution, but the proud king refused to pay tribute,
telling Alexander that he would meet him in battle
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15.  He felt confident, believing his greatest defense lay in
the river itself - over a mile wide, deep, and fast moving
 By the time of Alexander's arrival it would be further
swollen by the monsoon season and the melting snow
of the Himalayas
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16. TIMING OF THE BATTLE
 Porus believed and hoped Alexander would have to
either wait for the monsoon season to end before
crossing or simply abandon his quest and leave
 In preparation for the Macedonians' arrival, he
stationed his army in a defensive position along the
river and waited
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17.  While exact numbers vary, estimates place Porus with
20-50,000 infantry, over 2,000 cavalry, upwards to 200
elephants and more than 300 chariots
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 As in previous battles, Alexander would be facing an
army that outnumbered him, something that never
seemed to worry him
 Unfortunately for Porus, he had underestimated the
brilliance of the young Macedonian king

20.  As Porus had anticipated, Alexander made camp
directly across from him on the west side of the
Hydaspes and gave every indication he would wait for
the monsoon season to end
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22.  But, in reality, he had no intention of waiting
 In order to prepare for the inevitable battle, he had
gathered support from many of the local rajahs
including Taxila - a move Alexander had hoped would
anger Porus
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23.  Alexander had also arrived at the Hydaspes well-
prepared
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24.  Before marching into India, he had recruited
additional troops from many of the Persian territories he
had conquered, training them in the Macedonian style
of fighting - a move that had angered the veteran
Macedonian soldiers
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25.  Lastly, anticipating Porus' use of elephants, he added
Scythian horse-archers
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27. CAUSES OF THE BATTLE OF HYDASPES
 Alexander dreamt of ruling the world and was very
close to achieving that dream
 He established the largest empire in the world with his
unmatched military skills, and after conquering the
Persian Empire, he focused on probing into Northern
India
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28.  As Alexander was walking through India, King Porus
flanked him.
 Alexander knew that he couldn't leave this risky
adversary stowing away in the wilderness of India and
ready for a conflict
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29.  So Alexander set up his camp close to the right bank
of the river Jhelum
 Porus drew upon the south bank of the Jhelum River
to deter Alexander from it
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30.  Both sides realized that an immediate intersection of
the river would cost them the conflict
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31. EVENTS OF THE BATTLE OF HYDASPES
 The battlefield of this remarkable war was the east
bank of the Hydaspes River (also known as Jhelum, a
tributary of the Indus River)
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33.  Alexander isolated his military, leaving a little power
with Craterus confronting Porus on the portage while
taking the vast majority of the military to cross a
second passage 17 miles (27 km) away
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34. Porus battle line
 When Porus discovered that Alexander had progressed
over the stream, he proceeded to assault.
 The battle ground suited Porus
 Porus exerted his mounted force on the flanks and
infantry in the middle, with the elephants in front
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35.  The cavalry was placed on the wings behind the
chariots
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36. • Elephants
• Chariots
• Cavalry
• Infantry
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37. Alexanders battle line
 Wanted to eliminate Porus cavalry first, then the
infantry
 Placed most of cavalry on his right hand side
 But he hid the remainder of his cavalry on the left
under the command of Coenus
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38.  His orders were to ride around the Indian line and
attack from the rear
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39. Phalanx
• Cavalry
• Light troops
• Infantry
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40.  In the middle, the Macedonian phalanx was nearly
broken by the charging elephants; however, in the end,
they drove them off just to confront the Indian infantry
 Alexander went after on the right yet neglected to
track down a hole to take advantage of with his
horsemen
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41.  At the point when Coenus got back to the front line at the
back of the Indians, Alexander had the option to overcome
the Indian rangers and surround the infantry
 Porus shifts all of his cavalry to his left
 Alexander is first to attack when he sends his visible
cavalry against Porus cavalry
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42.  Porus takes the bait and sends in all his cavalry, just as
Alexander had hoped
 Alexander hidden cavalry on his left move in behind Porus
cavalry
 Surrounded the Indian cavalry retreats behind elephants
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43.  Alexander gives the orders for his infantry to advance
 Porus sends his elephants who charge through
Alexander infantry
 Seeing this the Indian cavalry are encouraged charge
again but forced back again
 Alexander encircles Indian cavalry
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44.  The Indian elephants become confused and begin to
attack their own, killing many
 Some Indians begin to flee through a gap in the Greeks
line
 Craterus and his men now in position behind the Indian
and they clean up the fleeing Indians
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45.  Porus remains with his army and fights bravely until
he is wounded
 Porus retires from the battlefield on his elephant and
then reluctantly surrenders
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46. PORUS CAPTURED
 Throughout the battle, King Porus remained on his
elephant, despite suffering severe wounds, shocked to
see his army flee but still reluctant to admit defeat and
surrender
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48.  Alexander approached the proud, defeated king and
asked him how he wanted to be treated - to which
Porus responded that he wanted to be treated as a king
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 Alexander respected this and told Porus he would
remain king, owing allegiance to Alexander
 From Hydaspes Alexander continued on towards the
Indian Ocean. Sadly, this final march would be without
his beloved Bucephalus

50.  The great horse who he had been with him since his
youth had died - reportedly either from old age (he was
over thirty) or battle wounds. Alexander would build a
city in his honor, Bucephalia
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51.  Alexander would return to Babylon where he would
die in 323 BCE
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52.  Following his death, his vast empire would be the
scene of a series of Successor Wars for the next three
decades
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53. CONCLUSION
 One of the main reasons behind Alexander's win was
his clever tactics
 Plus, the Macedonians' superior discipline and
technology made winning the battle a lot easier for the
great military mind, Alexander
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54.  In fact, the lessons from the Battle of Hydaspes is that
the requirement for military preparation before battles
is very important
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55. REFERENCES
 https://www.worldhistory.org/article/660/battle-of-
hydaspes/
 https://WWW.Battle of Hydaspes - History, Cause, Events,
Significance (byjusexamprep.com)
 https://WWW.Battle of Hydaspes 326 BC - Background
and Legacy [UPSC Ancient History Notes] (byjus.com)
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