This document describes an EBaM framework for automating battery modeling from datasheet parameters. It discusses limitations of traditional modeling approaches that require measurements and lack generality. The framework involves variable accuracy model templates adapted to available datasheet information. It presents three modeling levels - with Level 1 modeling runtime and temperature effects, Level 2 adding an electric circuit model, and Level 3 incorporating transient voltage response. The goal is to automate generation of accurate battery models from limited datasheet data.

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EBaM:
an EDA tool for Battery Modeling
1
POLITO

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Outline
…Energy efficiency is often centered around the “device”
…But overall efficiency can be decided in other parts of the “energy
path”
DC-DC
converter/
charger
MPPT
&
control
load
Energy
source
I, V
t
DC-DC
converter
Energy storage
device (ESD)(Optional)

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3
Limitations:
 Costs & Time: calculation of model parameters is based on actual
measurements
 Lack of generality: a given circuit/model cannot be used to represent
another device, i.e., validation is carried out on the specific battery
under measure
Solution:
 Modeling from datasheet: resort to information available in the
datasheets provided by the battery manufacturers;
 Variable accuracy model templates: since datasheets often provide
limited info, adapt the model template (accuracy) to the amount of
information.
Automation for battery modeling
Many battery models, with different complexities, are proposed in literature.

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EBaM Framework

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Battery Models should include...
I-order effects:
Battery runtime;
SOC-OCV relation;
SOC-transient
response relation.
II-order effects:
Temperature
effects on battery
voltage;
Temperature
effects on
capacity;
Capacity fading
due to cycling and
storage (aging).

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Model levels overview
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
IOrderEffects
 RunTime
 SOC
 RunTime
 SOC
 Steady-State
Response
 RunTime
 SOC
 Steady-State
Response
 Transient
Response
IIOrderEffects
Level 1
+ Temperature
Level 2
+ Temperature
Level 3
+ Temperature
Level 1
+ Capacity Fading
Level 2
+ Capacity Fading
Level 3
+ Capacity Fading

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Level 1 model
Current (A)
Time(h)
Temperature (°C)
(d)
(I,T,LT) FROM
DATASHEET
PEUKERT’S FITTING
SURFACE
TIME (h)
(a)
VOLTAGE(V)
VOLTAGE(V)
VOLTAGE(V)
(b) (c)
@ Tref
Vcutoff
TIME (h) TIME (h)
@ T1 @ T2
Vcutoff Vcutoff
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
I1
LT1
(I1,Tref,LT1)  battery runtime;
 temperature effects;
 possibility to further extend it
for capacity fade.

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Level 2 model
Equivalent electric circuit model
 battery runtime;
 SOC-OCV relation;
 temperature effects;
 possibility to extend it
for capacity fade.
+
-
CM(T)
VSOC
IB
+
+
R(VSOC)
VB
VR -+
-
IB
(d)
c1
TEMPERATURE(T)
(a)
CAPACITY(Ah)
DISCHARGE CAPACITY (Ah)
VOLTAGE(V)
DISCHARGE CAPACITY (Ah)
VOLTAGE(V)
c2 cref
(b) (c)
Tref
T1T2T3
+
-
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
@ cref @ Tref@ cref
VOC(VSOC)
VDRIFT(T,VSOC)

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Level 3 model
 battery runtime;
 SOC-OCV relation (transient);
 temperature effects;
 possibility to extend it
for capacity fade.
+
-
VOC(VSOC)
CM
VSOC
IB
+
+
R(VSOC) RS(VSOC)
CS(VSOC)
RL(VSOC)
CL(VSOC)
(a)
CURRENT(A)/VOLTAGE(V)
TIME (s)
VOLTAGE(V)
TIME (s)τS
τL
VR
VS
VL
VB
(b)
VR -+
VS -+ VL -+
VOLTAGE DROP: OHIMC LOSSES BETWEEN
ELECTRODES AND ELECTROLYTE
LONG-TIME EFFECT:
DIFFUTION PHENOMENA
IN THE ELECTROLYTE
SHORT-TIME EFFECT:
DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITY
tS
tL
s
-
IB
(c)

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Accuracy
Level 2
Level 3
Sony UP383562
Energizer CR2032
constant current @0.0008C 2s @0.1C