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Unit -III Planning and control M.sc II year.pptx

The document discusses the planning and controlling processes in nursing management, emphasizing their importance in achieving organizational objectives and enhancing effectiveness. It outlines the principles, types, advantages, and limitations of planning as well as the steps involved in the planning and controlling processes. Additionally, it provides insights into different planning methods, control processes, and their respective roles in ensuring desired outcomes in healthcare services.

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UNIT-III PLANNING AND CONTROL DR.ANJALATCHI MUTHUKUMARAN VICE PRINCIPAL ERA COLLEGE OF NURSING
LEANING OBJECTIVES Content related to planning • Introduction • Definition • Principles of planning • Steps of planning • advantages • Disadvantages •
Controlling • Introduction • Definition • Controlling process • Steps of controlling process • forwarded control • Concurrent control • Feed back control • Summary • Conclusion • Refernces
INTRODUCTION • “Planning is preparing a blueprint” , and is a future –oriented process. • It decides in advance what is to be done, how it is to be done, when to do it , who is to do it and where it is to be done. What will be the outcome of work.
What is planning? • Planning is a process of setting objectives and determining how to accomplish them . • Planning refers to thinking ahead of time and formulating preliminary thoughts.
Types of plans
Methods of planning
Continued
Characteristic of good plan
Nature and characteristic of plan
IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING • 1. Primacy of planning • 2. To offset uncertainty and changes • 3. To focus attention on objectives • 4. To help in coordination • 5. To help in control • 6. To increase organizational effectiveness
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING • Contribution of objectives • Efficiency in plans • Primacy of planning • Planning premises • Policy framework • Timing • Alternatives • Commitments • Flexibility • Competitive strategies
Essentials of a good plan • • According to urwick, the essentials of a good plan are as fallows. • 1) It should be based on a clearly defined objectives. • 2) It must be simple • 3) It should be rational and appropriate. • 4) It Should Be Comprehensive • 5) It Should Be Provide For A Proper Analysis And Classification Of Actions. • 6) It Must Be Flexible • 7) It Must Be Balanced • 8)it Must Be Use All Available Resources And Opportunites • 9) There Should Be Proper Coordination Among Short – Term And Long Term Plans.
Planning process and concept
Planning process
STEPS of planning • Stating The Orgnizational Objectives List • The Altrnative Channel Of Reaching • The Objectives Develop Permises On Which Each Alternative Is Listed Select • The Best Alternative Which Fits Into Organizational Objectives
Prepare A Sound Plan • Prepare A Sound Plan Out Of Selected Alternative. • This Will Be A Master Plan Which Contains Various Functional Plans • Implement The Designed Plan
Planning Methods Standing/ Repeated • Use Single • Use Plans Plans • 1) Objectives • 1) Programmes • 2) Polices • 3) Budgets • 4) Procedures • 5) Methods • 6) Rules • 7) Strategies
STEPS IN PLANNING PROCESS • Determination of the objectives • Collection and forecasting of information • Development of planning premises • Discovering alternatives courses of action • Formulation of derivative plans • Communicating the plan • Follow up measures
ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING • Increasing Complexity In Modern Business • Help In Coordination • Help In Exercising Effective Controls • Helps In The Proper Utilization Of The Company Resources • Facilitate Unity Of Action • Help In Avoiding Business Failure • Focuses Attention On The Organizations Goals • Improve Competitive Strength • Improve Adaptation • Guides Decision Making
DISADAVNTAGES OF PLANNING • 1) Forecasts • 2) Rigidity • 3) Time Consuming • 4) Costly • 5) Influence Of External Factors • 6) Limited Scope Specific Organization • 7) Peoples Resistance • 8) Failure Of Planners
LIMITATION
Steps for Effective planning(Koontz and O’Donnell) • • Climate • • Top management support • • Participation • • Communication: Goals,premises,policies • • Integration: Plans must be properly balanced • • Monitoring: As per the external environment
Nature of strategies and tactic
STRATEGIC ,TACTICAL AND OPERATIONAL PLAN
EXAMPLE OF
Strategic and tactical plan • Strategic and Tactical Plans • • Strategic plans are plans that apply to the entire organization, establish the organization’s overall objectives, and seek to position the organization in terms of its environment. • • Tactical plans (sometimes referred to as operational plans) are concerned with the implementation of strategic plans by coordinating the work of different departments in the organisation. • • Strategic and tactical plans differ in three primary ways— their time frame, scope, and whether they include a known set of organizational objectives.
Continued • Short-term and Long-term Plans • Short- term plans are plans that cover less than one year. • Long-term plans are plans that extend beyond five years. • Their differences lie in the length of future commitments and the degree of variability organizations face.
Continued • Specific and Directional Plans • Specific plans have clearly defined objectives and leave no room for misinterpretation. • Directional plans are flexible plans that set out general guidelines. • Single-use and Standing Plans • Single-use plans are used to meet the needs of particular or unique situation. e.g.development of a product. • Standing plans are ongoing, and provide guidance for repeatedly performed actions in an organization.
Planning process • • Establishing objectives: • identify goals, internal as well as external conditions, Objectives should state what is to achieved, where action needs to be taken, who is to perform it, how it is undertaken , when it is to be accomplished. • • Developing premises: assumptions about the environment in which plans are made. • • Evaluating alternatives and selection • • Formulating derivative plans: The plan derived for various departments, units, activities etc in a detailed manner. • • Securing cooperation and participation of employees.
CONTROLLING • The process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results. • Has a positive and necessary role in the management process. • Ensures that the right things happen, in the right way, at the right time.
What is the control process? • Steps in the control process : • • Step 1— establish objectives and standards – • Step 2— measure actual performance • • Step 3— compare results with objectives and standards • • Step 4— take corrective action as needed
CONTROLE PROCESS What is the control process? Step 1—establishing objectives and standards • Output standards Measure performance results in terms of quantity, quality, cost, or time. • Input standards Measure effort in terms of amount of work expended in task performance.
Step 2—measuring actual performance Step 2—measuring actual performance • Goal is accurate measurement of actual results on output and/or input standards. • Effective control requires measurement.
Step 3—comparing results with objectives and standards Step 3—comparing results with objectives and standards • Control equation • Need for action reflects the difference between desired performance and actual performance • Methods of comparing desired and actual performance 1) Historical comparison 2) 2) Relative comparison 3) 3)Engineering comparison 4) Benchmarking using different comparison methods
• Step 4—taking corrective action Step 4—taking corrective action – Taking action when a discrepancy exists between desired and actual performance. – Management by exception • Giving priority attention to situations showing the greatest need for action. • Types of exceptions – 1)Problem situation – 2)Opportunity situation
FEED FORWARD CONTROLS. Employed before a work activity begins. Ensures that: 1) Objectives are clear. 2) Proper directions are established. 3) Right resources are available. Focuses on quality of resources.
CONCURRENT CONTROLS • Focus on what happens during work process. • Monitor ongoing operations to make sure they are being done according to plan. • Can reduce waste in unacceptable finished products or services.
Feedback controls • Take place after work is completed. • Focus on quality of end results. • Provide useful information for improving future operations.
Summary • Till now we have discussed about the panning , meaning, purpose, objective, importance, good characteristic, planning process, etc. • controlling like introduction, definition, process , step of controlling process , types of controlling process etc.
Conclusion • I hope understand the planning and controlling process in health care services and nursing management work in clinical area. If you got chance to do planning in nursing services , will you able to apply the this knowledge in future confidently.
Assignment • .write a assignment on “Preparation of budget estimate, revised estimate and performance budget” in college of nursing 2022-23 plan , submit on 16.5.23 at 9am , in HOD office .
Question related to topic • Define the planning ? • List out th eobjectives of planning ? • discuss the characteristic of planning ? • Describe the good design of plan ? • Enumerate the types of plan • Discuss in detail about types of plan ? • Write the steps of planning process? • define control ? • Discuss the process of controlling ? • What are the step of controlling process ?
Reference *: • BesseiL.Marquise Carol J.Huston ,Leadership and Management functions in • Nursing-Theory & application ,2nd Edition, Lippincott, Philadelphia. • Stephen P.Robbins and Mary Coultar, Management,5thEdition,Printice Hall ,Inc, New jersey. • AnnMarriner-Tomey, Guide to Nursing Management, 4th Edition, Moseby • Yearbook, Philadelphia. • Kochuthresiamma,T(2001) Nursing Management and Administration, Medical works. • Heinz Weihrich and Harold Koontz ,Management –A Global perspective,10th Edition, Mc Grawhill International Edition, Singapore. • ElsVanOoijen,Clinical Supervision,2000,Churchill Livingston,London. • Joseph L Massie,Essentials of Management,4thEdition,Printice Hall ,New Delhi. • Sakti Gupta,SunilKant,Hospital and Health Care administration-Appraisal & • Referral Treatise,1998,Jaypee Brothers,New Delhi. • Roberta StrassleAbruzzese,Nursing Staff Development-Strategies for Success,2nd • Edition, Mosby Publication,London.