This document provides an overview of basic concepts in general chemistry including:
- Atomic and molecular weights and their uses in determining molarity, molality, and equivalency.
- Types of chemical bonds and valency.
- Gas laws including Boyle's, Charles', Dalton's, Henry's and Graham's laws.
- Chemical kinetics and reaction orders including zero-order, first-order and their applications.
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
Each technological age has been marked by a shift in how the industrial platform enables companies to rethink their business processes and create wealth. In the talk I argue that we are limiting our view of what this next industrial/digital age can offer because of how we read, measure and through that perceive the world (how we cherry pick data). Companies are locked in metrics and quantitative measures, data that can fit into a spreadsheet. And by that they see the digital transformation merely as an efficiency tool to the fossil fuel age. But we need to stretch further…
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
Each technological age has been marked by a shift in how the industrial platform enables companies to rethink their business processes and create wealth. In the talk I argue that we are limiting our view of what this next industrial/digital age can offer because of how we read, measure and through that perceive the world (how we cherry pick data). Companies are locked in metrics and quantitative measures, data that can fit into a spreadsheet. And by that they see the digital transformation merely as an efficiency tool to the fossil fuel age. But we need to stretch further…
JEE Chemistry Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™
Basic concepts
1. 1
BASIC CONCEPTS FROM GENERAL CHEMISTRY
Atomic Weight – refer to the relative weights of the atoms as compared with carbon. Carbon has
atomic weight standard of 12.
Gram atomic weight – refers to a quantity of the element in grams corresponding to the atomic
weight.
Gram molecular weight – GMW or MW refers to the molecular weight in grams of any particular
compound (referred also as mole).
Molar solution – consists of 1-gram molecular weight dissolved in enough water to make 1 liter
of solution. Molar concentrations are used for equilibrium calculations.
Molal solution – consists of 1-gram molecular weight dissolved in 1 liter of water, resulting
solutions having a volume slightly in excess of 1 liter. This is used when physical properties of
solutions such as vapor pressure, freezing point, boiling point, are involved.
MW
Equivalent weight: EW = ----------
Z
Where Z = absolute value of the ion charge
= the number of H+
or OH-
ions a species can react with or yield in an acid-base
reaction
= the absolute value of the change in valence occurring in an oxidation-
reduction reaction
Ex.
1. Determine equivalent weight of Ca2+
, CaCO3
a. EW = MW / Z = 40 g per mole/ 2 = 20 g per equivalent
b. MW of CaCO3 = 40 x 1 + 12 x 1 + 16 x 3 = 100 g per mole
Z = 2 E = MW / Z = 100 g per mole / 2 = 50 g per equivalent
2. What concentration is 40 mg/l of Ca2+
when expressed in CaCO3?
One equivalent of an ion or molecule is “chemically” equivalent to one equivalent of a
different ion or molecule. Thus is concentrations are expressed in terms of equivalents per
little (eq/l) they can be added, subtracted or converted easily.
Eq/l Ca2+
= 40 mg/l x 1eq/20 g x 1 g/1000mg = 0.002 eq./l of Ca2+
- mg/L as CaCO3 = 0.002 eq/l x 50 g/eq x 1000mg/g = 100 mg/l as CaCO3
Ionic bond – formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
Covalent bond – when electrons are not transferred by are shared between atoms e..gCl2, N2, O2
2. 2
Valency or oxidation number – determined by the number of electrons that it can take on, give up
or share with other atoms.
If electrons are lost, the atom becomes positively charged ion, and if electrons are gained, the
atom becomes negatively charged ion
Reduction/Oxidation:
- Metal or metal-like element loses electrons to gain or approach a stable condition
with no electrons on its outer ring.
- The nonmetal steals electrons from the metal to complete its outer ring to eight
electrons, a stable configuration.
Chemical Equations:
Chemical reactions become equations only when they are balanced
Mass must be conserved – the total number of each kind of atom must be the same on both
sides of the equation
The sum of the charge on one side of the equation must be equal that on the other
Example: NaOH + HCl -----> NaCl + H2O
(23 + 16 + 1) (1 + 35.5) (23 + 35.5) (2x1 + 16)
40 36.5 58.5 18
40 g of NaOH combined with 36.5 g HCl will yield 58.5 g NaCl and 18 g H2O
Example 2: 2 HCl + Na2CO3 -----------> H2O + 2NaCl + CO2
73 106 18 117 44
GAS LAWS:
1. Boyle’s Law: The volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure at a constant
temperature
2. Charles Law: The volume of gas at constant pressure varies in direct proportion to the
absolute temperature.
3. Generalized Gas Law: For a given quantity of gas, Boyle’s law and Charles’ law can be
combined:
P V = n R T
Where n = to the number of moles of gas in a particular sample
R = universal constant for all gases
= depends on the units chosen for the measurement of P, V and T
= 1 mole of gas at 1 atm pressure occupies a volume of 22. 414 liters at 273 K.
= 0.082 liter atmosphere per mole per Kelvin (0.082 l-atm/mol-K)
Example: What tank volume is required to hold 10,000 kg of methane gas
(CH4) at 25o
C and 2 atm pressure?
Molecular weight of CH4 gas is 12 + 4x1 = 16 g
Number of moles in 10,000 kg is 10,000,000 / 16 g = 625,000 mol
General gas law: V = nRT/P = 625,000 (0.082)(273+ 25)/ 2 = 7.64 x 106
liters
Volume of tank = 7.64 x 106
liters
3. 3
4. Dalton’s law of Partial Pressure: In a mixture of gas, such as air, each gas exerts pressure
independently of the others. The partial pressure of each gas is proportional to the amount
(percent by volume) of the gas in the mixture, or in other words, it is equal to the pressure
that gas would exert if it were the sole occupant of the volume available to the mixture.
5. Henry’s law: The weight of any gas that will dissolve in a given volume of a liquid, at
constant temperature, is directly proportional to the pressure that the gas exerts above the
liquid.
C equi = KH Pgas
Where C equi = concentration of gas dissolved in the liquid at equilibrium
Pgas = is the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid
KH = is the Henry’s law constant for the gas at the given temperature.
KH for oxygen in water at 20o
C is 43.8 mg/1-atm. Since air contains 21 percent by volume of
oxygen, the partial pressure in air according to Dalton’s law would be 0.21 atm when the total
air pressure is 1 atm. Therefore the equilibrium concentration of oxygen in water at 20o
C and
in the presence of 1 atm of air would be 43.8 x 0.21 = 9.2 mg/l
Application of Henry’s Law:
1. Aeration of water supply for the removal of gases
2. Aeration of domestic sewage for the application of oxygen
3. Removal of gases from industrial wastewater
6. Graham’s Law – the rates of diffusion of gases are inversely proportional to the square root
of their density.
Example: Using atomic weights of hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, bromine: 1, 16, 36, 80
respectively. Oxygen diffuses about one-fourth, chlorine about 1/6, and bromine about 1/9 as
fast as hydrogen.
7. Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volume
The volumes of all gases that react and that are produced during the course of reaction are
related numerically to one another as a group of small, whole numbers.
C + CO2 -----------> CO2
Solid 1 vol 1 vol
CH4 + 2O2+ ----------> CO2 + 2 H2O
1 vol 2 vol 1 vol 2 vol (>100o
C)
0 vol (< 100o
C)
SOLUTIONS
Vapor Pressure – the presence of a non-volatile solute in a liquid always lowers the vapor
pressure of the solution.
4. 4
Example: When sugar, sodium chloride, or similar substance is dissolved in water, the vapor
pressure is decreased.
Raoult’s Law: The extent of the physical blocking effect or depression of the vapor pressure is
directly proportional to the concentration of the particles in solution. Raoult’s law is applicable
only to dilute solutions.
For solutes that do not ionize – the effect is proportional to the molal concentration
For solutes that do ionize – the effect is proportional to the molal concentration times the
number of ions formed per molecule of solute modified by the degree of ionization.
CHEMICAL KINETICS
Chemical kinetics is concerned with the speed or velocity of reactions.
If a reaction is considered in which A, B, and C are possible reactants, then the rate of equations
that express the concentration dependence of the reaction may take one of the following forms:
Rate = kCao
= k 0 order
Rate = kCa 1st
order
Rate = kCaCb = kCa
2
2nd
order
Rate = kCaCbCc = kCa
2
Cb = kCa
3
3rd
order
Where Ca, Cb, C c represent the concentrations of reactants A, B and C
The order of reaction is the sum of the exponents of the concentration terms in the reaction
equation.
Applications of chemical kinetics:
1. Biotransformation reactions
2. Microbial growth and decay
3. Aeration
4. Radioactive decay
5. Disinfection
6. Chemical hydrolysis
7. Oxidation – reduction
Zero-Order Reactions
The rate of reaction is independent of concentration.
Plot of concentration vs. time is a straight line
C = Co + kt
Where C = concentration of reactant at time t
Co = initial concentration of the reactant
Uses:
1. Biologically induced reactions particularly growth on simple, soluble substrates
2. Oxidation of ammonia to nitrite
3. Oxidation of glucose by aerobic bacteria
5. 5
First-Order Reactions
The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the amount undecayed material
C = Co e –kt
or C = Co 10 –k’t
where k’ = k / 2.303
Application to radioactive substances:
Decomposition is expressed as half-life
Half-life is the time required for the amount of substance to decrease to half its initial
value ( C = ½ Co) at time t1/2
. t1/2 = 0.693 / k