This document discusses environmental pollution in India. It provides background on the current state of pollution, including air pollution exposing over 674 million Indians to unsafe levels by 2030. Key challenges mentioned include lack of public awareness, funding, leadership, and dedicated programs. Specific examples are given of highly polluted rivers like the Yamuna. Threats from pollution include loss of life, increased disease, and economic costs of over 5.7% of GDP. Climate change also threatens India through impacts on agriculture, water security, and displacement of coastal populations. The judiciary has helped address pollution as a violation of the right to life.
India faces many environmental challenges including loss of forest cover and biodiversity, water scarcity, air and water pollution, soil degradation, and unsustainable waste management. Specific issues discussed include the country's ranking high globally for river erosion, open defecation, and population growth reducing available fresh water. Agricultural practices have also reduced soil organic content and replaced more nutritious coarse grains with water-intensive rice and wheat. Loss of access to common property resources like forests and grazing lands further threatens the environment and livelihoods.
Major environmental issues in India include land degradation, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and pollution. Rapid population growth and economic development are contributing to increased pressure on natural resources through urbanization, industrialization, and intensive agriculture. As India's population continues to rise, these factors will exacerbate issues like water scarcity, soil erosion, deforestation, and air and water pollution. Economic development can also influence the impacts of pollution - in China, the elderly in more developed urban areas have worse health outcomes in response to air pollution compared to less developed areas.
This Project is on environmental studies which topic is Pollution.
In this Project includes Air, Water, Noise, and Soil Pollution. This Project is also shows some creativity work on Project.
This document discusses several key environmental issues and threats facing India. It notes that India has a large population that puts pressure on natural resources. Many Indians are moving to cities in search of economic opportunities, increasing urbanization challenges. India has a variety of ecosystems like the Himalayas and Thar Desert. Some of the most significant environmental challenges India faces include growing population, poverty, agricultural growth, need for groundwater, development and forests, degradation of land, air and water pollution. While India has economic growth, it has come at the cost of threats like deforestation and pollution.
There are many environmental issues facing India including air pollution, water pollution, improper waste management, and degradation of land and forests. Major sources of air pollution include biomass burning for cooking and heating, crop residue burning, and vehicle emissions. Water pollution is caused by untreated sewage and agricultural/industrial runoff. Solid waste management is inadequate and trash litters public areas. The population adds additional pressure, though higher population densities exist in other countries with better environmental quality. While laws and organizations aim to address these problems, India still has a long way to go to improve its environment.
environmental issue are the major problem in our India and it is our major responsibility to identify all environmental issue and try to overcome it and make our country a sustainable, clean and green country .
Major environmental issues in India stem from uncontrolled urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural expansion which have led to problems like land and forest degradation, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and poor water and sanitation. India faces high levels of pollution, including over 400 million people living along the heavily contaminated Ganges River. Widespread deforestation since British colonialism has exacerbated issues like soil erosion, reduced air quality, and changed weather patterns. India's large population and growing economy have further strained land and resources, worsening problems like habitat destruction, air pollution, and water scarcity. Improved conservation efforts and more sustainable development are needed to address the country's serious environmental issues.
India faces many environmental challenges including loss of forest cover and biodiversity, water scarcity, air and water pollution, soil degradation, and unsustainable waste management. Specific issues discussed include the country's ranking high globally for river erosion, open defecation, and population growth reducing available fresh water. Agricultural practices have also reduced soil organic content and replaced more nutritious coarse grains with water-intensive rice and wheat. Loss of access to common property resources like forests and grazing lands further threatens the environment and livelihoods.
Major environmental issues in India include land degradation, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and pollution. Rapid population growth and economic development are contributing to increased pressure on natural resources through urbanization, industrialization, and intensive agriculture. As India's population continues to rise, these factors will exacerbate issues like water scarcity, soil erosion, deforestation, and air and water pollution. Economic development can also influence the impacts of pollution - in China, the elderly in more developed urban areas have worse health outcomes in response to air pollution compared to less developed areas.
This Project is on environmental studies which topic is Pollution.
In this Project includes Air, Water, Noise, and Soil Pollution. This Project is also shows some creativity work on Project.
This document discusses several key environmental issues and threats facing India. It notes that India has a large population that puts pressure on natural resources. Many Indians are moving to cities in search of economic opportunities, increasing urbanization challenges. India has a variety of ecosystems like the Himalayas and Thar Desert. Some of the most significant environmental challenges India faces include growing population, poverty, agricultural growth, need for groundwater, development and forests, degradation of land, air and water pollution. While India has economic growth, it has come at the cost of threats like deforestation and pollution.
There are many environmental issues facing India including air pollution, water pollution, improper waste management, and degradation of land and forests. Major sources of air pollution include biomass burning for cooking and heating, crop residue burning, and vehicle emissions. Water pollution is caused by untreated sewage and agricultural/industrial runoff. Solid waste management is inadequate and trash litters public areas. The population adds additional pressure, though higher population densities exist in other countries with better environmental quality. While laws and organizations aim to address these problems, India still has a long way to go to improve its environment.
environmental issue are the major problem in our India and it is our major responsibility to identify all environmental issue and try to overcome it and make our country a sustainable, clean and green country .
Major environmental issues in India stem from uncontrolled urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural expansion which have led to problems like land and forest degradation, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and poor water and sanitation. India faces high levels of pollution, including over 400 million people living along the heavily contaminated Ganges River. Widespread deforestation since British colonialism has exacerbated issues like soil erosion, reduced air quality, and changed weather patterns. India's large population and growing economy have further strained land and resources, worsening problems like habitat destruction, air pollution, and water scarcity. Improved conservation efforts and more sustainable development are needed to address the country's serious environmental issues.
Environmental & Ecological Issue in India
History
Causes
Major Issues
Forest and Conservation
Forest Categories
Legal Framework and Laws
Environmental Issues and Judicial interventions
This document discusses various types and causes of environmental pollution in India. It notes that Mahatma Gandhi warned about satisfying man's greed leading to environmental issues. It then discusses different types of pollution affecting India - air pollution from vehicles and industry causing health issues, noise pollution mainly from vehicles, water pollution from untreated wastewater causing deaths, and soil pollution from agricultural chemicals. Specific polluted areas in India are also named. Suggestions to address pollution include projects to protect historic monuments from pollution and cooperation between India and the World Bank on green initiatives.
The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollutionijtsrd
Pollution, also called environmental pollution, is the addition of any substance solid, liquid, or gas or any form of energy such as heat, sound, or radioactivity into the environment at a rapid rate of diffusion, dilution, decomposed, recycled, or stored in a harmless form. Pollution can take many forms the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil we use to grow our food, the sparkling skies and even the noises we hear every day. , they can all contribute to health problems and may lead to low quality of life. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious global challenges. Wild type organisms have a slow degradation rate of hazardous substances. Currently, advanced molecular biology tools along with conventional approaches allow us to rapidly degrade or deposit hazardous materials from the atmosphere. In a developing country like India, the use of environmental standards as a decision making criterion should be properly evaluated. If the norms of developed countries apply in India, the cost would be much higher. Thus, the selected parameters should be suited to the economic condition of the country. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Haemophiluspa that were found in petrochemical waste disposal sites contaminated with phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorine, pyrene, and asenaphthene showed a 70 -100 drop in PAHs over 40 days. Dr. Renu Durgapal "The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollution" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47696.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/47696/the-major-environmental-problems-related-to-pollution/dr-renu-durgapal
The document discusses India's poor environmental performance and various environmental challenges facing the country. It notes that India ranked 177 out of 180 countries on the 2018 Environmental Performance Index, indicating serious issues with air quality, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. Some of the key environmental problems in India include population growth putting pressure on resources, poverty exacerbating degradation, unsustainable agricultural practices, water pollution, deforestation, and air pollution. The government has implemented various laws and initiatives like the Clean India mission to address these issues, but environmental quality still declined until reforms began in the 1990s. Improved forestation and campaigns raise awareness of sustainable development and environmental protection needs. The document calls for ongoing individual and policy efforts to make India gre
Phyto cover for Sanitary Landfill Sites: A brief reviewIJERA Editor
Landfill gases (LFG) are produced due to biodegradation of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) when water comes in contact with buried wastes. The conventional clay cover is still practiced to mitigate the percolation of water in landfills in India. Gas extraction systems in landfill for gas collection are used but are much expensive. Thus, “Phytocapping” technique can be one of the alternatives to mitigate landfill gases and to minimize percolation of water into the landfill. Indian plants with locally available soil and municipal solid waste can be tested for the purpose of methane mitigation, heavy metals remediation from leachate. Methane oxidation due to vegetation can be observed compared to non-vegetated landfill. Root zone methane concentrations can be monitored for the plant species
Phyto cover for Sanitary Landfill Sites: A brief reviewIJERA Editor
Landfill gases (LFG) are produced due to biodegradation of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) when water comes in contact with buried wastes. The conventional clay cover is still practiced to mitigate the percolation of water in landfills in India. Gas extraction systems in landfill for gas collection are used but are much expensive. Thus, “Phytocapping” technique can be one of the alternatives to mitigate landfill gases and to minimize percolation of water into the landfill. Indian plants with locally available soil and municipal solid waste can be tested for the purpose of methane mitigation, heavy metals remediation from leachate. Methane oxidation due to vegetation can be observed compared to non-vegetated landfill. Root zone methane concentrations can be monitored for the plant species
Urban areas face many environmental problems due to high population density and lack of proper urban planning. Some of the key issues discussed are the development of slums due to migration of rural populations, improper management of solid waste leading to pollution, overexploitation of natural resources, lack of open spaces, and various types of pollution including air, noise, water pollution. Other problems discussed are violation of urban planning rules, water logging and drainage issues, high traffic problems, and increased temperatures due to urban heat island effect. The document uses Mumbai as a case study to highlight specific environmental issues affecting the city like shrinking mangroves, toxic air, pollution of lakes like Powai Lake, deaths of sea creatures, opposition to urban development plans,
Industrialization has led to rapid economic growth in Pakistan but has also caused significant environmental degradation. Major industries like steel, cement and petrochemicals release large amounts of air pollutants including CO2, SO2, NOx, and PM. Untreated industrial wastewater is discharged into water bodies, polluting sources of drinking water. This has negatively impacted human health and ecosystems. While Pakistan has implemented some environmental laws and regulations, lack of enforcement means industrial pollution continues without proper control measures. Recommendations include stricter emission standards, charges for polluters, and command-and-control regulations to reduce the adverse effects of industrialization on Pakistan's environment.
Work done by Professor Raquel Pinderhuges and 40 Sustainability and the Cities class students.
I was a teacher assistant for this class and did the graphic layout of the booklet.
The document discusses how Asia's economic growth over the past two decades has come at enormous costs to the environment. Asia is now seeing the effects of global warming through prolonged droughts, more intense typhoons, coral reef bleaching, and disappearing wetlands. While lifting millions out of poverty, continued reliance on fossil fuels is exacerbating global warming and pollution is degrading air quality in many Asian cities. Experts warn that unchecked environmental degradation risks reversing economic gains and worsening quality of life across the region if more sustainable growth models are not adopted soon.
The document discusses several major environmental issues in India related to rapid population growth and economic development, including:
1) Forest degradation, loss of biodiversity, pollution, and depletion of natural resources due to uncontrolled urbanization and industrialization.
2) Key issues include land degradation, water shortages, deforestation, and pollution affecting public health.
3) India's high population density of over 1.2 billion people by 2016 puts great pressure on limited natural resources and contributes to issues like habitat destruction and rising energy demand.
This is the first lecture for the module FN0449 Corporate Social Responsibility for Multi-Nationals. The module forms part of the MSc Business with International Management at Newcastle Business School
Environmental pollution and solutions in Bangladesh.Ankan Saha
The document discusses different types of pollution that affect the Paltan area, including noise, visual, and air pollution. It provides details on the sources and effects of each type of pollution. Potential solutions are outlined such as reducing construction work, enforcing anti-pollution laws, managing garbage properly, limiting billboards and debris, completing infrastructure projects quickly, educating the public, and requiring vehicles to have emissions control devices. The overall document examines the various forms of pollution impacting the local environment and community and suggests actions that can be taken to reduce pollution in the Paltan area.
This document provides an overview of various types of pollution including air, water, land, and noise pollution. It discusses the causes and effects of each type of pollution and measures that can be taken to reduce pollution at both the national and individual level. Some key points include:
- Air pollution is caused by factors like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and forest fires. It can impact health and the environment.
- Water pollution occurs when waste is discharged into water bodies. Sources include sewage, industrial waste, and oil spills. It endangers wildlife and ecosystems.
- Land pollution is caused by improper waste disposal and overuse of chemicals. This can negatively impact human health and animals.
- Laws, alternative energy
This document provides an overview of environmental law and sustainable development in India. It begins by defining key terms like environment and environmental pollution. It then discusses various types of pollution like water, air, noise, land, and nuclear pollution. It emphasizes the need to protect the environment for human survival. Several laws enacted by the Indian government are mentioned, including the Water Pollution Act, Air Pollution Act, and Environment Protection Act, which established pollution control boards. The Constitution of India also places duties on the state and citizens to protect the environment.
Environmental problems around the world - Contemporary Social Issuesdomwright93
This document discusses several key environmental problems around the world. It outlines facts about issues like deforestation, water scarcity, and climate change. Three issues highlighted as needing urgent resolution are the fresh water crisis, global warming, and species extinction. Reasonable solutions proposed include enforcing laws on water usage, investing in renewable energy to reduce fossil fuel dependence, and limiting deforestation. The conclusion emphasizes that human activities are negatively impacting the environment and that awareness efforts are needed to curb this damage.
Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property.
Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to the organisms
Pollutant:- Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may be called as the pollutant.
WATER POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
LAND and SOIL POLLUTION
MARIN POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
THERMAL POLLUTION
NUCLEAR HAZARDS
Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water through natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its designated use.
Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to many uses. It is used for drinking, domestic and municipal uses, agricultural, irrigation, industries, navigation, recreation. The used water becomes contaminated and is called waste water.
Study of Muncipal Solid Waste Management Scenario of Kadapa CityIJERA Editor
This document discusses municipal solid waste management in Kadapa City, India. It provides background on solid waste generation and management. Specifically:
- Kadapa generates approximately 206 tons of solid waste per day currently. Domestic waste from households accounts for around 45% of total waste.
- The total waste generated is projected to increase to 353 tons per day by 2031 as consumption increases with population and economic growth.
- The current solid waste management system in Kadapa faces deficiencies like lack of financial resources and management skills to handle the large and changing quantities and types of waste. Proper planning and resources are needed to improve the system.
Current environmental challenges and corresponding solutionSourabh Tailor
Climate change, pollution, deforestation, water scarcity, loss of biodiversity, and lack of enforcement of environmental regulations are some of the major environmental challenges discussed in the document. The document outlines government policies and plans to address these issues, such as the National Action Plan for Climate Change, prevention and control of pollution acts, forest conservation acts, and biodiversity action plans. However, it questions if these efforts are enough due to a lack of political will and independent regulatory bodies to properly enforce environmental regulations. Strengthening regulatory enforcement and increasing public awareness are suggested as ways to more effectively address India's environmental problems.
Environmental Issues and its impact on the Social Life Health of HumanityRamnarayanVishwakarm
This document discusses several social and environmental problems that impact human health, including air pollution, climate change, lack of access to healthcare, and poor water quality. It provides definitions, causes, impacts, policies and potential solutions for each issue. The document is a presentation on social problems for a masters program, with sections on chemical safety, air pollution, climate change, diseases caused by microbes, and other global environmental challenges.
,
environmental degradation and-development_in_bangl
,
poverty
,
ecosystem
,
environmental degradation
,
causes of environmental degradation
,
urbanization
,
transport activities
,
major environmental problems in bangladesh
,
role of iucn and greenpeace
The document discusses pollution in India and its effects on common people from a legal perspective. It notes that India's population growth and increasing industrialization/urbanization are straining the environment and resources. Various forms of pollution are discussed, including air pollution which is one of India's most severe issues. Sources of air pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial smoke, and lack of pollution controls in growing urban areas. The document examines efforts to regulate pollution but notes challenges with enforcement at the local level. Over 3 million premature deaths globally from pollution occur in India each year.
Environmental & Ecological Issue in India
History
Causes
Major Issues
Forest and Conservation
Forest Categories
Legal Framework and Laws
Environmental Issues and Judicial interventions
This document discusses various types and causes of environmental pollution in India. It notes that Mahatma Gandhi warned about satisfying man's greed leading to environmental issues. It then discusses different types of pollution affecting India - air pollution from vehicles and industry causing health issues, noise pollution mainly from vehicles, water pollution from untreated wastewater causing deaths, and soil pollution from agricultural chemicals. Specific polluted areas in India are also named. Suggestions to address pollution include projects to protect historic monuments from pollution and cooperation between India and the World Bank on green initiatives.
The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollutionijtsrd
Pollution, also called environmental pollution, is the addition of any substance solid, liquid, or gas or any form of energy such as heat, sound, or radioactivity into the environment at a rapid rate of diffusion, dilution, decomposed, recycled, or stored in a harmless form. Pollution can take many forms the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil we use to grow our food, the sparkling skies and even the noises we hear every day. , they can all contribute to health problems and may lead to low quality of life. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious global challenges. Wild type organisms have a slow degradation rate of hazardous substances. Currently, advanced molecular biology tools along with conventional approaches allow us to rapidly degrade or deposit hazardous materials from the atmosphere. In a developing country like India, the use of environmental standards as a decision making criterion should be properly evaluated. If the norms of developed countries apply in India, the cost would be much higher. Thus, the selected parameters should be suited to the economic condition of the country. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Haemophiluspa that were found in petrochemical waste disposal sites contaminated with phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorine, pyrene, and asenaphthene showed a 70 -100 drop in PAHs over 40 days. Dr. Renu Durgapal "The Major Environmental Problems Related to Pollution" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47696.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/47696/the-major-environmental-problems-related-to-pollution/dr-renu-durgapal
The document discusses India's poor environmental performance and various environmental challenges facing the country. It notes that India ranked 177 out of 180 countries on the 2018 Environmental Performance Index, indicating serious issues with air quality, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. Some of the key environmental problems in India include population growth putting pressure on resources, poverty exacerbating degradation, unsustainable agricultural practices, water pollution, deforestation, and air pollution. The government has implemented various laws and initiatives like the Clean India mission to address these issues, but environmental quality still declined until reforms began in the 1990s. Improved forestation and campaigns raise awareness of sustainable development and environmental protection needs. The document calls for ongoing individual and policy efforts to make India gre
Phyto cover for Sanitary Landfill Sites: A brief reviewIJERA Editor
Landfill gases (LFG) are produced due to biodegradation of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) when water comes in contact with buried wastes. The conventional clay cover is still practiced to mitigate the percolation of water in landfills in India. Gas extraction systems in landfill for gas collection are used but are much expensive. Thus, “Phytocapping” technique can be one of the alternatives to mitigate landfill gases and to minimize percolation of water into the landfill. Indian plants with locally available soil and municipal solid waste can be tested for the purpose of methane mitigation, heavy metals remediation from leachate. Methane oxidation due to vegetation can be observed compared to non-vegetated landfill. Root zone methane concentrations can be monitored for the plant species
Phyto cover for Sanitary Landfill Sites: A brief reviewIJERA Editor
Landfill gases (LFG) are produced due to biodegradation of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) when water comes in contact with buried wastes. The conventional clay cover is still practiced to mitigate the percolation of water in landfills in India. Gas extraction systems in landfill for gas collection are used but are much expensive. Thus, “Phytocapping” technique can be one of the alternatives to mitigate landfill gases and to minimize percolation of water into the landfill. Indian plants with locally available soil and municipal solid waste can be tested for the purpose of methane mitigation, heavy metals remediation from leachate. Methane oxidation due to vegetation can be observed compared to non-vegetated landfill. Root zone methane concentrations can be monitored for the plant species
Urban areas face many environmental problems due to high population density and lack of proper urban planning. Some of the key issues discussed are the development of slums due to migration of rural populations, improper management of solid waste leading to pollution, overexploitation of natural resources, lack of open spaces, and various types of pollution including air, noise, water pollution. Other problems discussed are violation of urban planning rules, water logging and drainage issues, high traffic problems, and increased temperatures due to urban heat island effect. The document uses Mumbai as a case study to highlight specific environmental issues affecting the city like shrinking mangroves, toxic air, pollution of lakes like Powai Lake, deaths of sea creatures, opposition to urban development plans,
Industrialization has led to rapid economic growth in Pakistan but has also caused significant environmental degradation. Major industries like steel, cement and petrochemicals release large amounts of air pollutants including CO2, SO2, NOx, and PM. Untreated industrial wastewater is discharged into water bodies, polluting sources of drinking water. This has negatively impacted human health and ecosystems. While Pakistan has implemented some environmental laws and regulations, lack of enforcement means industrial pollution continues without proper control measures. Recommendations include stricter emission standards, charges for polluters, and command-and-control regulations to reduce the adverse effects of industrialization on Pakistan's environment.
Work done by Professor Raquel Pinderhuges and 40 Sustainability and the Cities class students.
I was a teacher assistant for this class and did the graphic layout of the booklet.
The document discusses how Asia's economic growth over the past two decades has come at enormous costs to the environment. Asia is now seeing the effects of global warming through prolonged droughts, more intense typhoons, coral reef bleaching, and disappearing wetlands. While lifting millions out of poverty, continued reliance on fossil fuels is exacerbating global warming and pollution is degrading air quality in many Asian cities. Experts warn that unchecked environmental degradation risks reversing economic gains and worsening quality of life across the region if more sustainable growth models are not adopted soon.
The document discusses several major environmental issues in India related to rapid population growth and economic development, including:
1) Forest degradation, loss of biodiversity, pollution, and depletion of natural resources due to uncontrolled urbanization and industrialization.
2) Key issues include land degradation, water shortages, deforestation, and pollution affecting public health.
3) India's high population density of over 1.2 billion people by 2016 puts great pressure on limited natural resources and contributes to issues like habitat destruction and rising energy demand.
This is the first lecture for the module FN0449 Corporate Social Responsibility for Multi-Nationals. The module forms part of the MSc Business with International Management at Newcastle Business School
Environmental pollution and solutions in Bangladesh.Ankan Saha
The document discusses different types of pollution that affect the Paltan area, including noise, visual, and air pollution. It provides details on the sources and effects of each type of pollution. Potential solutions are outlined such as reducing construction work, enforcing anti-pollution laws, managing garbage properly, limiting billboards and debris, completing infrastructure projects quickly, educating the public, and requiring vehicles to have emissions control devices. The overall document examines the various forms of pollution impacting the local environment and community and suggests actions that can be taken to reduce pollution in the Paltan area.
This document provides an overview of various types of pollution including air, water, land, and noise pollution. It discusses the causes and effects of each type of pollution and measures that can be taken to reduce pollution at both the national and individual level. Some key points include:
- Air pollution is caused by factors like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and forest fires. It can impact health and the environment.
- Water pollution occurs when waste is discharged into water bodies. Sources include sewage, industrial waste, and oil spills. It endangers wildlife and ecosystems.
- Land pollution is caused by improper waste disposal and overuse of chemicals. This can negatively impact human health and animals.
- Laws, alternative energy
This document provides an overview of environmental law and sustainable development in India. It begins by defining key terms like environment and environmental pollution. It then discusses various types of pollution like water, air, noise, land, and nuclear pollution. It emphasizes the need to protect the environment for human survival. Several laws enacted by the Indian government are mentioned, including the Water Pollution Act, Air Pollution Act, and Environment Protection Act, which established pollution control boards. The Constitution of India also places duties on the state and citizens to protect the environment.
Environmental problems around the world - Contemporary Social Issuesdomwright93
This document discusses several key environmental problems around the world. It outlines facts about issues like deforestation, water scarcity, and climate change. Three issues highlighted as needing urgent resolution are the fresh water crisis, global warming, and species extinction. Reasonable solutions proposed include enforcing laws on water usage, investing in renewable energy to reduce fossil fuel dependence, and limiting deforestation. The conclusion emphasizes that human activities are negatively impacting the environment and that awareness efforts are needed to curb this damage.
Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property.
Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to the organisms
Pollutant:- Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may be called as the pollutant.
WATER POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
LAND and SOIL POLLUTION
MARIN POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
THERMAL POLLUTION
NUCLEAR HAZARDS
Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water through natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its designated use.
Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to many uses. It is used for drinking, domestic and municipal uses, agricultural, irrigation, industries, navigation, recreation. The used water becomes contaminated and is called waste water.
Study of Muncipal Solid Waste Management Scenario of Kadapa CityIJERA Editor
This document discusses municipal solid waste management in Kadapa City, India. It provides background on solid waste generation and management. Specifically:
- Kadapa generates approximately 206 tons of solid waste per day currently. Domestic waste from households accounts for around 45% of total waste.
- The total waste generated is projected to increase to 353 tons per day by 2031 as consumption increases with population and economic growth.
- The current solid waste management system in Kadapa faces deficiencies like lack of financial resources and management skills to handle the large and changing quantities and types of waste. Proper planning and resources are needed to improve the system.
Current environmental challenges and corresponding solutionSourabh Tailor
Climate change, pollution, deforestation, water scarcity, loss of biodiversity, and lack of enforcement of environmental regulations are some of the major environmental challenges discussed in the document. The document outlines government policies and plans to address these issues, such as the National Action Plan for Climate Change, prevention and control of pollution acts, forest conservation acts, and biodiversity action plans. However, it questions if these efforts are enough due to a lack of political will and independent regulatory bodies to properly enforce environmental regulations. Strengthening regulatory enforcement and increasing public awareness are suggested as ways to more effectively address India's environmental problems.
Environmental Issues and its impact on the Social Life Health of HumanityRamnarayanVishwakarm
This document discusses several social and environmental problems that impact human health, including air pollution, climate change, lack of access to healthcare, and poor water quality. It provides definitions, causes, impacts, policies and potential solutions for each issue. The document is a presentation on social problems for a masters program, with sections on chemical safety, air pollution, climate change, diseases caused by microbes, and other global environmental challenges.
,
environmental degradation and-development_in_bangl
,
poverty
,
ecosystem
,
environmental degradation
,
causes of environmental degradation
,
urbanization
,
transport activities
,
major environmental problems in bangladesh
,
role of iucn and greenpeace
The document discusses pollution in India and its effects on common people from a legal perspective. It notes that India's population growth and increasing industrialization/urbanization are straining the environment and resources. Various forms of pollution are discussed, including air pollution which is one of India's most severe issues. Sources of air pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial smoke, and lack of pollution controls in growing urban areas. The document examines efforts to regulate pollution but notes challenges with enforcement at the local level. Over 3 million premature deaths globally from pollution occur in India each year.
The document discusses various types of pollution that are prevalent in India and their negative effects. It notes that air pollution is one of India's most severe environmental problems, with sources including vehicular emissions, untreated industrial smoke, and rapid urbanization without proper infrastructure or pollution controls. Water pollution also has many sources, including sewage and industrial waste being discharged directly into rivers, as waste water treatment facilities are inadequate. India relies heavily on coal for power generation, which has led to a nine-fold increase in carbon emissions over 40 years and environmental degradation. Several industrial areas in India like Delhi, Gujarat and Maharashtra have reached alarmingly high levels of pollution.
This document discusses pollution in India and its effects. It notes that India's population growth and economic development are putting strain on the environment. Several types of pollution are discussed, including air, water, waste, noise, and industrial pollution. Air pollution is a major problem, with New Delhi ranking as one of the most polluted cities. Constitutional provisions for environmental protection were added in 1976. Several laws have been passed but enforcement remains a challenge. Better management policies are needed to protect the environment and move toward sustainability.
Overpopulation in India has led to several environmental problems. It is the root cause of issues like food shortage, water scarcity, increased pollution, and deforestation. The high population growth is attributed to factors such as declining death rates, poverty, illiteracy and lack of family planning programs. Measures to control overpopulation include increasing female education, employment opportunities, and implementing policies like the two-child norm along with better access to contraceptives. Addressing the root causes of overpopulation can help curb its effects and promote sustainable development.
Environmental degradation is caused by factors like population growth, poverty, urbanization, modern agriculture, industrialization, and transportation. It leads to issues like loss of biodiversity, ozone layer depletion, and negative economic and health impacts. Some solutions proposed are increasing environmental awareness, controlling population growth, strictly enforcing environmental laws, reducing pollution from industries and agriculture, increasing afforestation, better management of solid and liquid waste, and promoting reduce, reuse, recycle lifestyles. Governments, organizations and individuals must work together to address the risks of environmental degradation.
Climate change is causing the Earth's atmosphere to warm dangerously due to increased carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels. If emissions are not reduced, the planet will experience extreme weather, rising sea levels, and more frequent severe storms. Various human activities also cause other types of pollution like air, water, soil, noise, light pollution which harm both the environment and human health. Both India and the United Arab Emirates face issues with air, water, and noise pollution resulting from industry, vehicles, construction, and urban development, though authorities in both countries have taken steps to curb pollution and protect the environment.
This document discusses environmental issues in Bangladesh. It begins by defining key terms like environment, ecosystem, and environmental degradation. It then examines various factors that contribute to environmental degradation in Bangladesh, including population growth, poverty, urbanization, agriculture, transportation, and economic development. It also discusses political, administrative, and environmental factors. Major environmental problems in Bangladesh include water and air pollution, habitat fragmentation, acid rain, ozone layer destruction, and the impacts of climate change such as flooding, droughts, cyclones and sea level rise. International initiatives and the roles of organizations like the IPCC, IUCN and Greenpeace in addressing climate change are also mentioned.
hazards of industrialisation and urbanisationArvind Kumar
This document discusses the environmental hazards caused by industrialization and urbanization, including pollution of water, air, soil and biodiversity loss. Rapid urban population growth and increased resource consumption have caused issues like water scarcity, pollution from industries and vehicles, and climate change. Proper management of waste, conservation of resources, and sustainable practices are needed to balance environmental protection and development.
Pollution is one of the biggest problems facing the environment today and is a leading cause of death. Air and water pollution has affected the environment for many years, causing diseases in people, especially children. The document examines early childhood growth in Australia and Tanzania, discussing how clean or polluted the air and water is in each country and the effects of limited access to clean water and primary needs on children's lives and development. It also discusses how air pollution can cause chronic health issues in children.
LURS Presentation - Green Buildings.pptxssuser3fb943
LURS Presentation - Green Buildings.pptxLURS Presentation - Green Buildings.pptxLURS Presentation - Green Buildings.pptxLURS Presentation - Green Buildings.pptxLURS Presentation - Green Buildings.pptxLURS Presentation - Green Buildings.pptxLURS Presentation - Green Buildings.pptxLURS Presentation - Green Buildings.pptxLURS Presentation - Green Buildings.pptx
Problem 1-What is environmental engineering (20 pts) Below you wil.pdfoptokunal1
Problem 1-What is environmental engineering? (20 pts) Below you will see a list of four
different scenarios which to field of environmental engineering. For each one of ihena may
involve the area you need (1) Write out if th have defined it in our course e scenario involves
environmental engineering as wo for (1) by explaining what area of environmental engineering
the scenario fits into and why decide YES, the scenario does involve the field of specific an
environmental engineering, then describe something environmental engineer might do as part o
scenario. If you decide scendor of environmental engineering. you do not have to do anything t f
their job in thot e NQ, the scenario does not involve the field this step. northern Scenario 1:
Unsustainable deforestation in an old growth Canadian forest the Congo. Scenario 3: Assessment
of the level of exposure of indoor air pollutants in a school building for children that go to the
school. Scenario 4: Assisting a Native American tribe in legal arguments to justity to a state
court that their water rights are being violated. Scenario 2: Right handling of acid mine water
drainage for a gold mine in
Solution
1.
1.At 0.02% of its forested area, deforestation in Canada is among the world’s lowest, yet many
myths exist about the state of our forests. The reality is that Canada is a world leader in
sustainable forest management. Canadian forests are healthy, productive and thriving.
Deforestation is an important issue, since shrinking forest cover reduces biodiversity, affects soil
and water quality, impacts wildlife habitat and influences climate change. The Canadian
government carefully monitors and regularly publishes reports on deforestation. Our scientists
combine satellite and aerial images with information about regional development, forest
ecosystems, natural processes and local conditions to help monitor and manage the health of
Canadian forests.
Here are some key facts about Canada’s low levels of deforestation.
The annual deforestation rate in Canada in 2010 was less than 0.02% of our forests and the rate
has been declining for over 25 years. In 1990, 63,100 hectares were lost to deforestation and in
2014 this figure dropped to 34,200 hectares.
Today, Canada’s 348 million hectares of forest lands represent about 9% of the world’s forest
cover, but account for only 0.3% of global deforestation.
Deforestation only occurs when forests are permanently removed so the land can be used for
something else. Harvesting, forest fires and insect infestations do not constitute deforestation,
since the affected areas will grow back. According to laws, regulations and policies in place
across Canada, all areas harvested on public land must be reforested, either by replanting or
through natural regeneration. About 94% of Canada’s forests are on public land.
The conversion of forest to agricultural land is decreasing but it remains the largest contributor to
deforestation in Canada. The small contribution the.
The document discusses the environment and environmental degradation in India. It defines the environment as everything that makes up our surroundings, including air, water, plants, and animals. It notes that human activities like air pollution, deforestation, and acid rain are damaging the environment. The living species, climate, and natural resources that comprise the environment are being depleted. This is leading to the destruction of ecosystems and habitats as well as pollution and extinction of wildlife. Over half of India's population lives in areas with air pollution levels that exceed national standards.
The document discusses air pollution in Bangladesh. It states that Bangladesh has the 4th worst air quality out of 92 countries according to the WHO. Air pollution kills an estimated 15,000 Bangladeshis each year. In rural areas, brick kilns and cooking stoves are major polluters, while in cities industrial emissions and vehicles are primary sources of pollution. Common air pollutants in Bangladesh include particulate matter from traffic jams and industrial emissions. Air pollution causes many health and environmental issues for Bangladeshis. Efforts are needed to control air pollution in the country.
Ecology used to be ingrained in Indian culture and governance, but it has faded from priorities in recent decades, leading to major ecological challenges. India faces issues like air pollution, water scarcity, and food insecurity that stem from environmental degradation. However, sustainable development is possible through policies promoting resource efficiency, renewable energy, reducing pollution and waste. Regional cooperation on sustainable resource management could also help address issues like malnutrition.
Population and natural resources conditions , Population and environment issues, Global warming and climate change ,
Demographic factors are evoked by several countries in connection with their environmental problems: Relation among population , Resources and Environment, South Asian countries mention that population policy as general means to alleviate environmental problems:
Pollution is a major problem in India that affects the environment and public health. Several forms of pollution are discussed, including air, water, soil, noise, light, and climate change. Air pollution in Indian cities exceeds safety limits for pollutants like SO2 and SPM. Water pollution is also a significant issue due to untreated sewage. The Supreme Court has intervened on noise pollution and the government has set pollution level standards. Pollution can be reduced by addressing sources like vehicular emissions through policies like using public transit. Reforestation efforts may also help address some forms of pollution.
This document discusses air pollution as a major environmental concern. It describes how industrialization and urbanization in developing countries like China and India has increased air pollution due to reliance on coal and inadequate infrastructure. Indoor air pollution from burning biomass for cooking also causes millions of deaths annually. The document outlines health impacts of air pollution like decreased IQ, respiratory diseases, and cancer. It proposes developing sustainable cities and green technologies like "super trees" and green buildings to help reduce air pollution and its effects.
This document discusses environmental issues in India. It begins by defining environment and outlining the key functions of the environment, including supplying resources and assimilating waste. It then discusses how the environment was able to perform these functions sustainably until recent times when population growth, industrialization, and rising consumption have placed increasing stress on resources and waste absorption capacity. As a result, many resources are now depleted and pollution levels exceed environmental limits. The document outlines some of India's major environmental challenges, including land degradation, biodiversity loss, air and water pollution, and solid waste management. It emphasizes that sustainable development is needed to address these issues and avoid high economic and health costs of environmental degradation.
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1. Mother
natureRecycle ♻ redeem ♻ Replant
Envisioning Greener tomorrow together
Barter Green Hands
Initiative enabling Re-sustaintainblity
2. Environmental pollution
Key problem
Solution program model
Environmental pollution
1.1 A brief description - Environmental pollution ( Air water soil)
1.2 Current scenario in India
1.3 present Challenges and threats
3. 2.1 Lack of public awareness & participation
2.3 Lack of stewardship/ reward based approach
2.4 Lack of dedicated leadership & trained personal
2.5 Lack of target oriented and time bound program
2. Key problems
Problem 2.2 Lack & misuse of funds
4. Barter Green hand model - win win program
Bottom of society - rural areas
Top of society - Urban areas
Solution
Solution - BGH Program model
5. Environmental
pollutionIntroduction
1.1 Introduction
Pollution prevention is a major global concern because of the hazardous effects of pollution on a person’s health and on the environment.
Significantly : Air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, etc.
Everyone is a stakeholder as we are all inhabitants of this one and only mother earth. Each person can contribute something to advance
environmental pollution mitigation measures. Environmental protection means caring for our resources and subsequently for ourselves
and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come will have a better environment.
1.2 Current scenario in India and Forecast
The study, released IIASA and the CEEW in New Delhi, shows that only about 833 million citizens would be living in areas that meet the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) in 2030
Over 674 million Indians are likely to breathe highly polluted air in 2030, even if the country were to comply with its existing pollution control policies and regulations, according to a
study. The study, released by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria and the Council on Energy, Environment, and Water (CEEW) in New Delhi,
shows that only about 833 million citizens would be living in areas that meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in 2030.
The study also found that the Indo-Gangetic plain, covering parts of states such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, has the highest population exposure to
significant PM2.5 concentrations.This is mainly due to the high density of polluting sources and reduced ventilation by the obstructing presence of the Himalayas.
Citizens living in parts of Bihar, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha are also exposed to high levels of PM2.5.
In the early 2000s, an agency of the U.N conducted a survey, predicted that 60% of the states turn into desserts and barren land by 2025. The green
cover of states was only 17% against the nation's aspiration of 33%. Small rivers had dried up completely. He saw that there was not enough moisture
in the soil. Unless the people became involved in environmental restoration, the future looked bleak.
6. Environmental
pollutionIntroduction
Example case : Yamuna River
The Yamuna is one of the most important rivers of north India. It passes through Uttarakhand, Haryana, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh. It merges with the Ganga at Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh. At
one time, it was the lifeline for the people of the area, but today it is the most polluted river of the country.
Polluted rivers in India, Though the Yamuna starts getting polluted by pesticides and fertilisers as it enters Haryana, most of the pollution occurs in Delhi. More than 10 million people live in
Delhi. Yet it does not have a proper sewage disposal system.
Nineteen drains from Delhi open into the Yamuna. At one time, these carried rainwater. But because of the poor sewage disposal system, water carrying sewage is discharged into these
drains, from where it finds its way to the river.
In Delhi, along a stretch, the Yamuna is choked by water hyacinth—a weed. This is an example of eutrophication. Dead fish are also found in the river as soon as the monsoon begins. This is
due to the sudden increase in pesticide and other pollutant levels.
Industrial wastes also find their way into the river from large industrial units (22 in Haryana, 42 in Delhi and 17 in Uttar Pradesh) and many small industrial units. Surprisingly, though Delhi
constitutes only 2% of the catchment area, it is responsible for 80% of the pollution of the river.
Tables shows the most polluted river names from top in northern India
7. Challenges&Threats
1.3 Glimpse ( Present challenges & Threats)
In May 2014, the World Health Organisation (WHO) ranked the Indian capital Delhi in a report as the most polluted city in the world in terms of air pollution, even above China's capital
Beijing. A couple of months ago, another report from Yale University (an annual Environmental Performance Index which compares 132 countries drawn up by the Yale Centre of
Environmental Law and Policy) had come to the same conclusion. According to the Central Pollution Control Board, the country's nodal regulator, Indian cities routinely exceed the norm
for PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 microns), which is one of the key measures for air quality. The more dangerous PM 2.5 (less than 2.5 microns) is not as yet being measured in
most cities.
However, it is not hard to see the air pollution with the naked eye. As one flies into Delhi, the smog is unmistakable, especially during the winter months when the air is heavy. On the
ground itself, the roads are chock a block full of cars and two wheelers, often locked in slow moving traffic, which enhances toxic emissions. There are about 7.45 million vehicles in
Delhi alone, a city of 17 million people. If one were to consider the larger urban area around the National Capital Region, the population would exceed 25 million.
Again In 2019, Indians lose 2.6 years due to air pollution says a study
The report by the environment organisation Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) revealed that outdoor and household air pollution together are causing deadly diseases. “Air
pollution is now the third highest cause of death among all health risks ranking just above smoking in India. This is a combined effect of outdoor particulate matter (PM) 2.5, ozone and
household air pollution.”
1.3 a Unbearable costs of environmental degradation
India is urbanizing and becoming polluted – fast. The whole country is undergoing a transition. Job opportunities and industrialization have resulted in 30 percent of its 1.2 billion
population migrating from rural areas to cities according the government statistics, and the figure will exceed to 40 percent by the year 2030.
Air pollution is not the only problem. Indian cities are overflowing with urban waste, both toxic as well as household, their rivers are polluted with sewage and industrial effluents, and
there are several reports which show the contamination of fresh vegetables by heavy metals from dirty irrigation water. A 2013 World Bank report (Diagnostic Assessment of Select
Environmental Challenges in India), puts the annual cost of environmental degradation in India at about 5.7 percent of India's 2009 GDP, with air pollution accounting for 1.7 percent of
this and indoor air pollution 1.3 percent.
"Environmental pollution, degradation of natural resources, inadequate environmental services, such as poor quality water supply, lack of sanitation, impose severe costs to society in
the form of ill health, lost income, and increased poverty and vulnerability," the report added. A significant portion of such diseases affects children younger than five years of age,
attributing 22 percent of child mortality in the country to environmental degradation. These are significant impacts, and bring into question the effectiveness of the host of environmental
policy and regulatory instruments, which have been in place in India since 1972.
.
8. 1.3 b Threats from climate change
Climate change making our food less nutritional and more toxic says a recent study. Simultaneously, India faces serious threats from climate change. Even though its emissions of
greenhouse gases (1.7 metric tonnes per capita annually) are a fraction of the United States (17 metric tonnes per capita annually), yet owing to its size, India is fourth on the list of
emitters after China, the USA and the European Union. A governmental briefing paper accedes that "Climate change is impacting the natural ecosystems and is expected to have
substantial adverse effects in India mainly on agriculture."
Besides, India is already one of the most disaster-prone nations in the world. Many of its 1.2 billion people, especially the poorer communities, live in areas vulnerable to hazards such
as floods, cyclones and droughts. It is estimated that a rise of just one meter in the sea level would put 7.1 million people at a risk of displacement. Climate change will impact India's
food security, water security, cause health impacts, and make coastal population vulnerable.
The causes of climate change are mostly owing to the large amounts of fossil and coal based energy production, which also release toxics emissions like mercury, sulphur dioxide and
other deadly chemicals. The use of local firewood and fodder for cooking by 80 percent of rural India and the practice of burning harvested crops on the fields to avoid clearing them
before planting new crops, also releases high amounts of carbon. In cities, petroleum based vehicular fuels, add to the load of greenhouse gases. Much of the energy produced is
essential, to provide for industry and domestic lighting. India still suffers severe energy shortages, with over 400 million people having no access to electricity and coal continues to be
touted as the most cost effective solution to the problem. It is immediately evident that managing the environment is a challenge cutting across many sectors of the Indian economy.
1.3 c Pollution as a violation of the Right to Life
On a more hopeful note, India is a rare country where the judiciary has played a stellar role in protecting the environment, going to the extent of reading environmental pollution as
amounting to a violation of Article 21 (Right to Life) of the Constitution of India. A National Green Tribunal with five specially empowered environmental courts have been set up in
different parts of the country to settle the massive number of cases which have been brought up in regular courts, including in the Supreme Court of India.
Inadequate capacity to regulate the thousands of sources of pollution present as well as a lack of human and technological infrastructure for monitoring and control are additional
factors for the failures. For example even though air quality in twelve cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Chennai is being monitored in real time and data on twenty four others is
being collected by the Central Pollution Control Board, (externer Link zu Werten: http://www.cpcb.gov.in/CAAQM/mapPage/frmindiamap.aspx) …yet deadly pollutants like PM 2.5
(particulate matter of 2.5 micron, which is highly respirable and the cause of ill health), is being measured only in a few monitoring stations, while lead or benzene (a carcinogenic
pollutant) levels are not regularly checked.
Only a fraction of the urban waste is collected, but that too is dumped into non-engineered landfills, which leach toxins into the groundwater. Unauthorized recycling in backyard
operations accounts for more than 90 percent of recycling in cities. Waste products like old electronics, plastics, car batteries, release pollutants like mercury, lead, dioxins in the air
and on the ground through these operations. The urban poor, who live and work in these areas, bear the brunt of the exposure.
Challenges&Threats
9. Challenges&Threats
1.3 d Challenges have been recognized at the highest policy level
This is not to say that the challenges have not been recognized at the highest policy level. In fact the National Plan on Climate Change is headed by none other than the Prime Minister.
Recognizing the inter sector implications of this, eight National Missions have been set up, ranging from energy to habitat and agriculture. A special Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy (MNRE) has been in existence for over two decades.
Currently, renewable energy accounts for about 12 per cent of the total electricity generation capacity. In 2012/13, the electricity produced by renewables was equivalent to meeting the
per capita annual electricity requirement of about 60 million people. However over the past two years, investment in renewables went down from 13 billion US dollars (9,5 billion Euros)
in 2011 to 6.5 billion US dollars (4,8 billion Euros) in2012. This was largely because of policy uncertainty – some say paralysis – within the MNRE.
Likewise, the Urban Affairs Ministry is granting projects for urban infrastructure development through the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewable Mission, a fund of a staggering 20 billion
US dollars (14,7 billion Euros) for public private partnership in urban infrastructure including water, sanitation, transport, metro rails and waste.
In the area of waste the Ministry of Environment and Forests has also laid out new rules for batteries, plastics and electronic waste recycling based on the principles of Extended
Producer Responsibility (EPR), which mandates the producers to invest in infrastructure to collect and recycle their end of life products, but their implementation has been poor.
A special National Rivers Conservation Directorate has been established since 1984, to clean up the major rivers like the Ganges, through the setting up sewage and effluent treatment
plants, but again its success is wanting. Several Court orders have penalized the industry for polluting by activating the Polluter Pays principle. Water and sanitation have received
special attention, especially since they were globally recognized as a trust area in the Rio Earth Summit of 2002, and have been set as a Millennium Development Goal. However the
issue of using water based western sanitation systems is still controversial since it leads to high water and sewage disposal costs.
1.3 e Lack of political will to enforce environmental regulations
The question is, is this all enough? In an economy aspiring to grow at over 8 percent annually, and with over 50 cities with more than one million population, clearly the miniscule 0.012
percent of its 1.8 trillion US dollars (1,3 trillion Euros) GDP spent on environmental needs is insufficient. Despite all the well meaning and far reaching policies, there is little political will
to implement these measures, which are more long term, but may appear costly in the short term.
Environmental issues are considered "soft", not central. Environmental regulations lack teeth, and need an overhaul to deal with the scale of the problem. The eradication of poverty, job
creation, and industrial growth has followed the classic model of development. Leapfrogging into a sustainable path, will need not only new approaches, investments, but also
recognizing that poor disproportionately suffer from environmental degradation and exposures
Source : Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Germany
10. KeyProblem
NGOs are meant to provide opportunities
to the citizens for democratic participation
but they have not been able to fulfill this
obligation due to the method and manner in
which they function, and failed to attract
people, interested in construction work and
develop channels for peoples enthusiastic
participation. Some of the factors
responsible for such a state of affairs are
general backwardness of the people, absence
of adequate number of dedicated persons,
over emphasis on targets and time bound
programmes, political interference and
vested interests, easy availability of funds
without proper planning and assessment of
felt needs and safeguards for the community,
distrust of agencies and workers who do not
have a base in the community and are unable
to win its support and lack of
decentralization which could give a feeling
of being partners in development rather than
development being thrust from above.
Significantly lack of media houses, public
figures, celebrities, local leadership participation
in social cause campaigns or programs support/
promotion without thier monetary benefits.
Less educational institutions/board has
dedicated mandate course in any school /
college segment curriculum of environment.
2.2 Lack of Funds or misuse
Most of the NGOs in India are suffering
from paucity of funds. Government does not give cent
percent grants in aid or make delay in sanctions of grants
for numerous programmes. NGOs have to make matching
contributions which they are some times unable to manage
and are, therefore, unable to avail themselves of the grants.
Now a day’s charity is not so strong in the minds and hearts
of the people as it was in the ancient society. This was
another region for Depression of funds for NGOs.
It is the matter of fact that some unscrupulous elements
have made fortunes by floating NGOs for their personnel
gains and managing grants from the government.
It is a common experience that there have been serious
charges of misuse and misappropriation of funds received
as grant-in-aid form the government, foreign donors
and raised through their own resources by the most of the
NGOs. These NGOs may reflect its image to other NGOs
who are working with dedication and commitment.
2.3 Lack of stewardship or rewarding
approach
Most significantly the lack stewardship and recognition from
government bodies for social good contribution from people
is rarely seen. Very rare compensatory rewards / awards
has been designed for recognise the social activists working
full-time in the field of social cause / work.
So the culture of social work has been deprived and kept
been backwards and thus lack of active participation from
people and capable professionals from all sectors towards
social change of culture towards environment care &
nurturing.
2.4 Inadequate leadership and Trained
Personnel
It is believed that the personnel working in NGOs may be of
personnel working in such organizations is a sense of
dedication and commitment and interest in the social
services. NGOs earlier were assumed to be served by
unpaid social workers imbued with the spirit of service and
did not require any special education or training. But the
present trend who are having professional educationare not
interested to work with NGOs. Their vision has been
changed and are interested to work in urban areas only.
Therefore, it is very difficult to get trained persons who are
either willing or trained to work in the rural society where
most of NGOs work. Moreover, these professionally trained
persons have high expectations in terms of salaries, status,
opportunities for their growth in the career of their choice.
More over, most of NGOs due to lack of funds cannot able
to spent some more funds for giving training to the
personnel employed in the organization .Some of NGOs are
in fear of personnel who may shift to another big NGO after
taking training from it.
Centralization in Urban Areas -NGOs are more developed
in urban areas as compared to rural areas. The
backwardness and ignorance of the rural people and lack of
enthusiasm among social workers to among them in the
absence of availability of minimum comforts are the two
important reasons for the backwardness of the NGOs in
rural areas.
2.5 Target orientated and time-bound Programmes
It has been observed that the donor or government who
sanctions grants will put target and time-bound programmes
in front of NGO. Those NGOs will take the period but the
qualities of service there are offering.
This leads to deteriorating in quality of service and are
below expected standards.
11. Ecology re-plantation
The Barter Green hands program will be a initiative of re-
planting ecology towards environmental sustainability and its
reversal. With motive to re-develop environmental care culture
and to enable every section of society to rejuvenate the
ecloogy by planting maximum trees/ plants /herbs around thier
sheltered areas through bartering thier house hold trash.
Why Barter?
This is Ancient methodology of sustainability since human
civilization.
Impactful reversal of people trust over NGO’s through zero
monetary donations involvement.
Enables people to Develop the culture of greenery among
them by thier self donating the household trash in exchange of
sapling/ plants.
How barter?
By aggregation and management of plant production among public and
private nursery in our program
By establishment of new dedicated nursery based on bartering.
By establishment of trash collection centres at local levels.
By establishment of technological infrastructure for management and
Anyslsis of program.
What to barter?
In this program we offer people to barter thier
solid waste ( paper, plastic, metal, rubber,
electronic scraps) to exchange with plant /
tree sapling.
Program model - BGH
By donating the trash people's contribute
towards swachhta and waste diposal at thier
own end and in exchange also they get plant
/ sapling ownership which again contributes
significantly to the environment.
As household waste handling and disposal
is critical concern among all, there is win win
companion with barter model.
Usp of programme is bartering waste into plantation by self participation
and being worthy of small self contribution and ownership towards most
critical threats of pollution control and bring sustainable change together.
Bartering is Self- sufficient model in terms of monetary funds needed for
maintaince and nurturing of nursery through the monetization of waste
bartered against saplings.
12. Barter Green Hands
Top of society
Urban areas
RWA societies, Co-operate houses, education
hubs, public places,hyper local
markets,communities
Program modules
● Bliss of tree for all
● Gift a nature
● Children of nature’s lap
● Alms for Agro-forestry farming
Solution
Bottom of society
Rural areas
Gram panchayat, self help groups, schools /
colleges, kisan suvidha kendra,Agro-forestry
training centres for farmers.
BGH - outreach
program
Envisioning the greener tomorrow to
live in. We at barter green hand
program offers equal opportunity to
rural and urban areas.
To increase the green cover of Delhi&
NCR and near by rural villages, by 10%
in order to reverse desertification,
reduce soil erosion, restore self-
sufficiency, recreate sustainability and
survive climate change, air water, land
pollution.
Mission is to attain the control over
present environment pollution through
planting 1 million saplings within the
targeted geo-locations
Program objective is to Inspire people
around the world to appreciate the true
value of planting trees and the vital role
that they play within human environments
through sustainable means of bartering
the waste in thier day to day act.
13. Benefits of planting trees is coutntless - some key benefits are as follows
Restoration of Soil erosion and overall health
Soils (and the nutrients in them) are exposed to the sun’s heat. Soil moisture is dried up, nutrients evaporate and bacteria that help
break down organic matter are affected. Eventually, rain washes down the soil surfaces and erosion takes place. Soils never get their
full potential back. Exposure of land to sun for long period leads to total moisture loss and makes land unfertibly barren, loss of
bacteria found in soil etc
About 32% of India’s land area or 105.48 million hectares is undergoing land degradation. The situation is only getting worse every
day. Study says if nothing is done in the next 5 to 10 years, no amount of money or effort will be able to bring back soil quality and
trees.Because trees are cut without considering the consequences, the fertile, nutritious topsoil is washed away in rainfall water
runoff. This is a great loss to Indian farmers who often depend on the natural fertility of the soil to grow their crops.
Water Cycle damage restoration
When forests are destroyed, the atmosphere, water bodies and the water table are all affected. Trees absorb and retain water in their
roots. A large part of the water that circulates in the ecosystem of rainforests remains inside the plants. Some of this moisture is
transpired into the atmosphere. When this process is broken, the atmosphere and water bodies begin to dry out. The watershed
potential is compromised and less water will run through the rivers. Smaller lakes and streams that take water from these larger
water bodies dry up. The only solution is left with us to take a pledge and ownership of planting & nurturing the trees.
14. Benefits of planting trees is coutntless - some key benefits are as follows
Loss of Biodiversity control
Many wonderful species of plants and animals have been lost, and many others remain endangered.
More than 80% of the world's species remain in the Tropical Rainforest. It is estimated that about 50 to
100 species of animals are being lost each day as a result of destruction of their habitats, and that is a
tragedy.
deforestation effects Many beautiful creatures, both plants and animals have vanished from the face of
the earth. This is the time the people should actively participate and take charge of planting trees.
Climate Change control
Plants absorb Carbon Dioxide CO2 (a greenhouse gas) from the atmosphere and uses it to produce food
(carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make up trees). In return, it gives off Oxygen. Destroying the
forests mean CO2 will remain in the atmosphere and in addition, destroyed vegetation will give off more
CO2 stored in them as they decompose. This will alter the climate of that region. Cool climates may get a
lot hotter and hot places may get a lot cooler
15. Solutionlevelsandmodule
Top of society : Urban Areas
The programme model is develope a culture of Enviourmentalism at every segment of society in thier day to day activities
supporting ecological renewal and protection through tree plantation.
By self participation at individual level under program BGH, the individuals exchange the solid trash( paper, plastic, metal, e-
waste, Glass, furniture, rubber etc..) and receive a saplings at BGH nursery centres. People gets connected to social cause in
direct way in both phase when they donate trash responsibly and receive the sapling with pledge of nurturing it with
ownership.
The act of self participation inspire Physiologically and self rewarding recognition within family and friends towards healthier
tomorrow. Each sapling enabled with rfid Batch number to track, as tree grows likewise family and will set a remarkable
benchmark to the individual’s future generations. Every participation under program will qualifies individual to receive the
stewardship in terms planted tree ownership and recognition at various occasions based on thier contribution under BGH
program.
Bottom of society : Rural areas
To develop the culture of agro forestry among farmers towards Enviournmentalism and rejuvenating thier farm lands forever.
The overall planting a tree in the boundaries of thier farmland will be life insurance for thier future emergency situations.
Training them towards agro-forestry and providing the ownership of each planted saplings under the program. Model of barter
will be same as urban for agro-forestry.
*All Bartered trash will be segregated and sold to scrap centres for new nursery establishment and maintenance
cost.