This document summarizes a research journal article about bankers' perceptions of electronic banking in Nigeria following the consolidation of Nigerian banks. The article reviews literature on electronic banking and examines bankers' attitudes and perceptions. It finds that bankers perceive benefits like reducing transaction costs and saving customer time, but also risks like increased fraud potential and lack of security. The consolidation era saw growth in electronic banking adoption. The study aims to understand bankers' views of electronic banking's benefits and risks, and Nigeria's transition to a less cash-based economy through increased digital payment options.
Consumer acceptance of online banking an extension of the technology accepta...OUM SAOKOSAL
This document provides an introduction to a study investigating online banking acceptance through the lens of the technology acceptance model (TAM). It begins with background on the growth of online banking in Europe and Finland compared to the US. The authors then define online banking as services allowing transactions through bank websites. The goal of the study is to better understand factors influencing online banking acceptance based on TAM and prior e-banking research. The document outlines the literature review, methodology, results/analysis structure to follow in the paper.
Impacts of Information Technology on Banking Industry A Case Study of Akure B...ijtsrd
As information technology is the modern trend on banking today, its very imperative for banks to access its impact operational performance so as to justify if the capital invested on it is Justifiable or not, analyze their problem and profit possible solutions. The objective of this research is to examine how the adoption of information technology affects the operations of commercial banks and the impact of information technology on banks and customer relationship. The main research instruments used are questionnaire from staffs and customers of the bank,156 questionnaire were distributed and 150 questionnaire were administered. The simple frequency percentage was adopted as the statistical measure and hypothesis testing was analyzed using chi square statistical tool, at 0.05 level of significance to show whether they should be upheld or rejected. The results of this research affirmed that there is significant relationship between management disposition and the utilization of information technology by banks in Nigeria. In conclusion, the study reward that information technology has tremendously improved growth and performance of the Nigeria commercial banks. Information technology has lead to increase customer satisfaction, improved operational efficiency, reduced transaction time, and gives the bank a competitive edge. The study recommends that every bank in Nigeria should not only invest heavily on IT especially the point of sales POS , but should distribute same to business outlets where business owners and customers will have access to smooth and hassle free transactions. It is therefore necessary for the government to emphasize the need for more policies that will boost the efficiency in utilization of IT equipment by reducing the cost of acquiring them so as to reduce cost and boost the growth of the economy. Consequently, it is hereby suggested that further studies be carried out on the impact of Information Technology on development finance institutions. Olaitan S. K | Arijeniwa O. C "Impacts of Information Technology on Banking Industry (A Case Study of Akure Bank Area)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45242.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/45242/impacts-of-information-technology-on-banking-industry-a-case-study-of-akure-bank-area/olaitan-s-k
Problems encountered in e-banking in selected bank in Quezon CityLily Monilla
This document discusses electronic banking (e-banking) in the Philippines, including its history and development. It provides background on the introduction of ATMs and more recent innovations like internet and mobile banking. It then discusses some challenges faced by e-banking, including security issues. The document outlines a study that aims to determine problems encountered with e-banking in selected banks in Quezon City. It discusses the study's scope, significance and definitions of key terms.
Impact of Information Technology on Performance of Banks in NigeriaAJHSSR Journal
Over the last two decades, the Nigerian banking sector has witnessed some upsurge in the use
of technology for service delivery. However, concerns have been expressed as to whether cost and other
challenges of adopting information technology can be justified by performance. Accordingly, this study sought
to examine the relationship between different e-banking channels and the profitability of organisations in
Nigeria. Four e-banking channels,(automatic teller machines, point of sales, internet banking transactions and
electronic mobile banking) were identified and regressed against return on equity (ROE) of Deposit Money
Banks operating in Nigeria between 2006 and 2016. A panel data regression model was formulated and tested
using the generalized method of moment approach. The result revealed that the overall impact of electronic
banking on profitability of Deposit Money Banks operating in Nigeria was significant and positive. The study
recommends that critical stakeholders and beneficiaries of electronic banking – the government, regulatory
authorities and the banks should collaborate to put in place an enabling operating environment and an effective
regulatory framework to bring about optimal deployment of these services to customers
Effect of Electronic Banking on Financial Performance of Deposit Taking Micro...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications
Adoption of technological innovations on organizational performance, case ...Alexander Decker
This document discusses factors that influence the adoption of internet banking (IB) technologies by commercial banks in Kenya. It finds that larger banks were earlier adopters of IB, with 96% of banks with over $24 billion in assets having websites in 2006, compared to 51% of smaller banks. The study surveyed financial managers at Kenyan banks to identify factors driving and hindering IB adoption. It found that increasing bank assets, imitating early adopters, and specializing in consumer lending drove adoption, while competition, average bank age hindered it. The study recommends banks increase assets, learn from early adopters, specialize in consumer lending, and form alliances to enhance IB adoption.
empirical analysis on internet banking adoption in manilaAnthny Garc
This document discusses internet banking adoption in the Philippines. It provides background on the evolution of internet banking and reviews previous studies showing benefits for both banks and customers. Key factors influencing adoption are discussed, such as lack of internet access and security concerns. The Philippines banking system and history of electronic banking are overviewed. Challenges to widespread adoption in the Philippines include low internet penetration, with most users in urban areas.
Consumer acceptance of online banking an extension of the technology accepta...OUM SAOKOSAL
This document provides an introduction to a study investigating online banking acceptance through the lens of the technology acceptance model (TAM). It begins with background on the growth of online banking in Europe and Finland compared to the US. The authors then define online banking as services allowing transactions through bank websites. The goal of the study is to better understand factors influencing online banking acceptance based on TAM and prior e-banking research. The document outlines the literature review, methodology, results/analysis structure to follow in the paper.
Impacts of Information Technology on Banking Industry A Case Study of Akure B...ijtsrd
As information technology is the modern trend on banking today, its very imperative for banks to access its impact operational performance so as to justify if the capital invested on it is Justifiable or not, analyze their problem and profit possible solutions. The objective of this research is to examine how the adoption of information technology affects the operations of commercial banks and the impact of information technology on banks and customer relationship. The main research instruments used are questionnaire from staffs and customers of the bank,156 questionnaire were distributed and 150 questionnaire were administered. The simple frequency percentage was adopted as the statistical measure and hypothesis testing was analyzed using chi square statistical tool, at 0.05 level of significance to show whether they should be upheld or rejected. The results of this research affirmed that there is significant relationship between management disposition and the utilization of information technology by banks in Nigeria. In conclusion, the study reward that information technology has tremendously improved growth and performance of the Nigeria commercial banks. Information technology has lead to increase customer satisfaction, improved operational efficiency, reduced transaction time, and gives the bank a competitive edge. The study recommends that every bank in Nigeria should not only invest heavily on IT especially the point of sales POS , but should distribute same to business outlets where business owners and customers will have access to smooth and hassle free transactions. It is therefore necessary for the government to emphasize the need for more policies that will boost the efficiency in utilization of IT equipment by reducing the cost of acquiring them so as to reduce cost and boost the growth of the economy. Consequently, it is hereby suggested that further studies be carried out on the impact of Information Technology on development finance institutions. Olaitan S. K | Arijeniwa O. C "Impacts of Information Technology on Banking Industry (A Case Study of Akure Bank Area)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45242.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/45242/impacts-of-information-technology-on-banking-industry-a-case-study-of-akure-bank-area/olaitan-s-k
Problems encountered in e-banking in selected bank in Quezon CityLily Monilla
This document discusses electronic banking (e-banking) in the Philippines, including its history and development. It provides background on the introduction of ATMs and more recent innovations like internet and mobile banking. It then discusses some challenges faced by e-banking, including security issues. The document outlines a study that aims to determine problems encountered with e-banking in selected banks in Quezon City. It discusses the study's scope, significance and definitions of key terms.
Impact of Information Technology on Performance of Banks in NigeriaAJHSSR Journal
Over the last two decades, the Nigerian banking sector has witnessed some upsurge in the use
of technology for service delivery. However, concerns have been expressed as to whether cost and other
challenges of adopting information technology can be justified by performance. Accordingly, this study sought
to examine the relationship between different e-banking channels and the profitability of organisations in
Nigeria. Four e-banking channels,(automatic teller machines, point of sales, internet banking transactions and
electronic mobile banking) were identified and regressed against return on equity (ROE) of Deposit Money
Banks operating in Nigeria between 2006 and 2016. A panel data regression model was formulated and tested
using the generalized method of moment approach. The result revealed that the overall impact of electronic
banking on profitability of Deposit Money Banks operating in Nigeria was significant and positive. The study
recommends that critical stakeholders and beneficiaries of electronic banking – the government, regulatory
authorities and the banks should collaborate to put in place an enabling operating environment and an effective
regulatory framework to bring about optimal deployment of these services to customers
Effect of Electronic Banking on Financial Performance of Deposit Taking Micro...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications
Adoption of technological innovations on organizational performance, case ...Alexander Decker
This document discusses factors that influence the adoption of internet banking (IB) technologies by commercial banks in Kenya. It finds that larger banks were earlier adopters of IB, with 96% of banks with over $24 billion in assets having websites in 2006, compared to 51% of smaller banks. The study surveyed financial managers at Kenyan banks to identify factors driving and hindering IB adoption. It found that increasing bank assets, imitating early adopters, and specializing in consumer lending drove adoption, while competition, average bank age hindered it. The study recommends banks increase assets, learn from early adopters, specialize in consumer lending, and form alliances to enhance IB adoption.
empirical analysis on internet banking adoption in manilaAnthny Garc
This document discusses internet banking adoption in the Philippines. It provides background on the evolution of internet banking and reviews previous studies showing benefits for both banks and customers. Key factors influencing adoption are discussed, such as lack of internet access and security concerns. The Philippines banking system and history of electronic banking are overviewed. Challenges to widespread adoption in the Philippines include low internet penetration, with most users in urban areas.
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates the problems and opportunities of electronic banking in Sudan. The paper begins with an introduction that defines electronic banking and outlines its benefits. It then reviews previous literature on the topic, particularly as it relates to developing countries and the Arab world. The paper discusses the current state of information and communication technology infrastructure in Sudan and identifies deficiencies in areas like skilled human resources, security, and infrastructure that constrain electronic banking. It concludes that while Sudan has made some progress with laws and regulations, many challenges remain that limit the applicability of electronic banking.
The Effect of Customers Perception on Security and Privacy of Internet Bankin...paperpublications3
Abstract: Internet banking allows banks to provide information and offer services to their customers conveniently using the internet technology. However, studies have shown that customers have perceptions that impact on the uptake and continuous usage of the platform. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of customer perceptions on usage of internet banking in commercial banks in Kenya. This study used descriptive research design while a stratified random sampling technique was used to select subjects to represent the target population which was made up of 1,837,312 customers of commercial banks within Nairobi County. An estimated 384 respondents were targeted to participate in the study. 272 questionnaires representing a 71% response rate were received and analysed. Based on the findings of the research it was concluded that customers have perception that have an effect on usage of internet banking. Customers both users and potential, are still apprehensive about the security of internet banking transactions and privacy of their sessions while online. Due to increased phishing, on online scams and frauds perpetrated online customers are reluctant to adopt or continue using internet banking. It is the responsibility of commercial banks to sensitize their customers and assure them that it is safe to access internet banking from both a private and public network. They should provide customers with guidelines on how to safe guard their information and secure their log on credential while using both private and public networkKeywords:Internet banking, commercial bank, Technology Acceptance Model, customer perceptions.
Title:The Effect of Customers Perception on Security and Privacy of Internet Banking On Its Usage in Commercial Banks in Kenya
Author:Dr. Stephen Titus Waithaka, Kilembwa Muthengi Joseph Nzeveka
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Paper Publications
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a study on bankers' perceptions of electronic banking in India. The study had the following objectives: 1) To understand bankers' views on e-banking activities, 2) To analyze the impact of e-banking on banks, 3) To examine promotional measures used to promote e-banking, and 4) To assess bankers' views on how e-banking impacts relationships with customers and bank performance. The study reviewed previous literature which found that education, age, and gender influence e-banking adoption. It then described the research methodology which included collecting primary and secondary data from 220 bankers across public and private sector banks in India through questionnaires.
This document summarizes a research paper on e-banking in Iran. The paper finds that e-banking provides several advantages to Iranian banks by reducing costs compared to traditional banking. However, Iranian customers still lack knowledge about e-banking services available. The document defines e-banking as the automated delivery of banking services through electronic channels like the internet and mobile phones. It provides examples of benefits of e-banking for both banks and customers, such as lower costs, increased convenience and 24/7 access to accounts and services. However, adoption of e-banking remains low in Iran compared to other developed countries.
11.problems and prospects of mobile banking in bangladeshAlexander Decker
This document summarizes research on mobile banking in Bangladesh and around the world. It discusses the problems and prospects of mobile banking in Bangladesh, including findings that 61% of respondents felt it saves time compared to traditional banking. It also reviews literature on mobile banking adoption factors, security issues, regulations, and the growth of mobile banking globally as a way to provide financial access. Key factors influencing mobile banking use and adoption are discussed, such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, costs, trust and technical barriers.
The advent of internet has great impact on the electronic banking. By using internet, banking is no time limit and geographic. Customers worldwide can within 24 days of the week and all have access to their accounts. Internet banking by using internet and web technologies enable customers to finance their activities in a virtual environment to do this is the difference between internet banking and home banking that for achieving banking services via the internet, there is no need to install proprietary software rather banking services but also can be accessed via a internet public network and the customer is linked to your bank account via the internet. This type of banking is partially web-based banking subsidiary with the difference is that web banking services bank was considered first introduced bank and service. Internet banking also expanded with the development of web applications. With increasing internet access to people who provide these services to be developed and banks that are unresponsive to this issue will disappear from the market
Digital Technologies in Customs and Prospects for Creating an Electronic Envi...ijtsrd
the article deals with the automation of customs control and clearance processes, the creation of convenience for entrepreneurs, the provision of public services in electronic form, digitization of interaction with customs services and departments in order to implement modern measures for the development of customs administration, improving the efficiency of customs. Suyunov Abdunor Miltikboyevich | Nasirova Sevinch Ilkhomjon Kyzy "Digital Technologies in Customs and Prospects for Creating an Electronic Environment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47739.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/47739/digital-technologies-in-customs-and-prospects-for-creating-an-electronic-environment/suyunov-abdunor-miltikboyevich
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document is a project submitted by Oluwatosin Ayo Awofodu to the Department of Economics at the University of Ibadan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Masters of Banking and Finance degree. The project examines the influence of mobile banking services on customers' choice of banks in Nigeria, using Guaranty Trust Bank as a case study. It includes an introduction outlining problems in the Nigerian banking system and the development of electronic banking. The document also includes chapters on literature review, methodology, empirical analysis, summary and conclusions.
The Impact of Customers Perception on Cost of Internet Banking on Its Usage i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Internet banking allows banks to provide information and offer services to their customers conveniently using the internet technology. However, studies have shown that customers have perceptions that impact on the uptake and continuous usage of the platform. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of customer perceptions on usage of internet banking in commercial banks in Kenya. This study used descriptive research design while a stratified random sampling technique was used to select subjects to represent the target population which was made up of 1,837,312 customers of commercial banks within Nairobi County. An estimated 384 respondents were targeted to participate in the study. 272 questionnaires representing a 71% response rate were received and analysed. Based on the findings of the research it was concluded that customers have perception that have an effect on usage of internet banking, Customer still feel that internet access fees and internet banking transaction charges are high. Costly internet access and unreasonable pricing of internet banking transactions, hinders usage of the internet and by extension technological solutions offered by commercial banks such as internet banking. Commercial banks can relook into the issue of subsidizing the monthly internet banking maintenance fee so as to attract more users and continued usage.
The comprehensive development of information and communication technology in the recent decades has made human face wonderfulevolution in all aspects of his life. Indeed, this evolution has had undeniable effects on economy general structure and social and cultural parts at the international level. Also, this evolution includes financial and banking services of the current century economy. They are so efficient that they have created some innovations on the kind, quality and quantity of the presented services. Technological revolutions creating high speed and low cost systems of electronic exchanges have seriously evolved financial and banking market structure. Thus this research considers e-banking fulfillmen.
E-BANKING IMPLEMENTATION AND TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE IN THE RAFIDAIN AND RASHEE...Hosam alden
n the third millennium, e-banking system has been adopted globally in the banking industry. On the other hand, Iraq as a nation with less developed IT adoption has not integrated this system in its banking services, instead of its current acknowledgement on the advantages of ebanking technology in competition among banking service providers. In
contrast, Iraqi banks still keep on adopting traditional banking system to
deliver the majority of their services which in this case are paper-based
work system. This is greatly resulted from the hesitation of bank
employees to adopt new banking technologies. This study aims to
identify the impact of hypothesis between e-banking system and Iraqi
banks employee perspective. This study was conducted by taking sample
of employee from two biggest public banks in Iraq which are ALRAFIDAIN and AL-RASHEED. A survey through questionnaires on the
website was used as the instrument to collect the data were analyzed
using PLS software. Technology Acceptance model(TAM) as a basic
foundation with independent variables Perceived Usefulness, Perceived
Ease of Use, Perceived IT Beliefs and Task–Technology Fit, Attitude as
Intervening and Intention to Use as dependent variable. The result of
hypothesis analysis reveals that there is a significant impact among all
variables to attitude, but Perceived Ease of Use, it does not apply variable
from those analysis it is depicted that Perceived Ease of Use does not impact to the perception of the implementation of e-banking system in Iraqi banks.
Indian growing new financial establishments, notably banks, square measure one among the most important investors within the domains of knowledge systems, and there square measure quite clear signs that these trends to spread within the future. The arrival and enlargement of globalization and also the development of Advanced technologies knowledge pushed the banks to adopt advanced technology to launch new services. Banks have applied remote enabled service victimization the net to achieve competitive advantage, increase potency, scale back prices and provide a range of latest services. On-line systems create banking transactions straightforward and convenient, notably for disabled people that could need special services. the most purpose of this current study is to look at the most keys to live the advantage perception of victimization net banking technology, as this advanced technology is taken into account together of the principal motivations underlying the inclinations of people to adopt such a convenient technology in India. The model developed associated developed during this analysis study is an extension to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The model was tested with a survey sample of four hundred folks chosen arbitrarily. The findings of the study indicate that everyone mentioned factors within the projected model (CNV, SE, QI, AW, PEU, PU) have important impact at intervals prompting the employment of net banking systems. The information analysis relies on the applied mathematics Package for scientific discipline (SPSS).
A Study on Role of Technology in Banking Sectorijtsrd
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between new technology implementation in banking sector and customers How they are aware about the technologies and how they are using it Data for this study was collected from the customers of various Banking Sectors under the Reserve Bank of India A simple percentage analysis and pie chart will be done According to questioners 30 samples are collected and interpretations are given Findings suggest that most of the customers of bank using ATM facility So the banks need to give awareness about the E-banking services Lastly, the paper is of few papers that focus on technology development in banking industry Aswin Raj. T | Mr. Bala Nageshwara Rao "A Study on Role of Technology in Banking Sector" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18357.pdf
A comparative analysis of the application of information technology by foreig...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study comparing the application of information technology by foreign and local banks in Ghana. It begins with an abstract summarizing the study's objectives and methods. The introduction provides background on the increasing role of information technology in banking and outlines the problem that while IT usage is widespread, little is known about differences between local and foreign banks in Ghana. The study aims to identify how banks in Ghana use IT and to compare usage and its impact on growth between local and foreign banks. The literature review discusses perceptions that foreign banks apply IT more extensively due to greater investment capacity. It also examines research suggesting IT can increase productivity, customer satisfaction and retention, leading to bank growth. The hypotheses test whether differences exist in IT usage and investment between
The Contribution of Electronic Banking to Customer Satisfaction: A Case of Gc...IJMIT JOURNAL
Internet banking has the potential to provide fast and reliable services to customers for which they are relatively happy. Due to the technological changes taking place all over the world, many institutions, including the banking sector have taken giant steps to move in tandem with these changes. In this light most
banks, with GCB Bank, Ghana, not being an exception have introduced electronic banking in order to decongest the banking halls of customers who spend time unending in order to transact business. The purpose of this research was to assess the Contribution of Electronic Banking to Customer Satisfaction at
GCB Bank-Koforidua, to this end some objectives were set for the study. These were: To assess the availability of electronic banking facilities at GCB Bank, Koforidua. To assess the knowledge and patronage of internet banking services by customers, to examine the effectiveness of the usage of electronic banking facilities, to examine the problem facing an internet banking in GCB Bank, Koforidua. This is a
quantitative study that employed the use of questionnaires as the main tools for data collection. Data was collected from management, staff and customers of GCB Bank, Koforidua Branch. Findings from analysis of data revealed that though there was the existence of internet banking facilities of the bank, respondents of the study were not fully aware of the existence of such facilities. It was also found that the use of internet
banking was quite expensive and that though the bank was utilizing the facility, customers were not fully patronizing them. It was concluded that internet banking brings efficiency in the operations of the bank. Finally, the study recommended that all branches of GCB Bank adopt internet banking facilities to help in effective banking operations and transactional purposes. To maximize the operations and potential of the bank management must endeavor to educate the customers about the existence of internet banking facilities since a few customers were aware of the existence of such facilities.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ELECTRONIC BANKING TO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A CASE OF GC...IJMIT JOURNAL
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the contribution of electronic banking to customer satisfaction at GCB Bank in Koforidua, Ghana. The study found that while electronic banking facilities like internet banking existed, many customers were unaware of them. It also found that using electronic banking was seen as expensive by customers, and while the bank offered the facilities, customers did not fully utilize them. The study concluded that electronic banking improves banking operations efficiency, and recommended that GCB Bank educate customers more about electronic banking facilities to increase awareness and maximize their operations and potential.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
This document presents a circuit envelope simulation method for analyzing semiconductor devices. It introduces the theory and implementation of combining harmonic balance and circuit envelope approaches. A test case of a GaAs MESFET is used to demonstrate the method. Signal profiles of displacement current and conduction current are examined under various input signals to identify the physical origins of nonlinearity in the device. The method links signal distortion to device operation and geometry and shows promise for optimizing power amplifiers for wireless applications.
The April meeting of the Houston Netsquared featured guest speaker Jeff D. Frey from Rice University. Jeff shared the pros and cons of open source technology for nonprofits plus gave some recommendations to open source software, including Tendenci the open source CMS for nonprofit websites.
The 65th edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy sets out energy data for 2015, revealing a year in which significant long-term trends in both the global demand and supply of energy came to the fore with global energy consumption slowing further and the mix of energy sources shifting towards lower-carbon fuels.
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates the problems and opportunities of electronic banking in Sudan. The paper begins with an introduction that defines electronic banking and outlines its benefits. It then reviews previous literature on the topic, particularly as it relates to developing countries and the Arab world. The paper discusses the current state of information and communication technology infrastructure in Sudan and identifies deficiencies in areas like skilled human resources, security, and infrastructure that constrain electronic banking. It concludes that while Sudan has made some progress with laws and regulations, many challenges remain that limit the applicability of electronic banking.
The Effect of Customers Perception on Security and Privacy of Internet Bankin...paperpublications3
Abstract: Internet banking allows banks to provide information and offer services to their customers conveniently using the internet technology. However, studies have shown that customers have perceptions that impact on the uptake and continuous usage of the platform. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of customer perceptions on usage of internet banking in commercial banks in Kenya. This study used descriptive research design while a stratified random sampling technique was used to select subjects to represent the target population which was made up of 1,837,312 customers of commercial banks within Nairobi County. An estimated 384 respondents were targeted to participate in the study. 272 questionnaires representing a 71% response rate were received and analysed. Based on the findings of the research it was concluded that customers have perception that have an effect on usage of internet banking. Customers both users and potential, are still apprehensive about the security of internet banking transactions and privacy of their sessions while online. Due to increased phishing, on online scams and frauds perpetrated online customers are reluctant to adopt or continue using internet banking. It is the responsibility of commercial banks to sensitize their customers and assure them that it is safe to access internet banking from both a private and public network. They should provide customers with guidelines on how to safe guard their information and secure their log on credential while using both private and public networkKeywords:Internet banking, commercial bank, Technology Acceptance Model, customer perceptions.
Title:The Effect of Customers Perception on Security and Privacy of Internet Banking On Its Usage in Commercial Banks in Kenya
Author:Dr. Stephen Titus Waithaka, Kilembwa Muthengi Joseph Nzeveka
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Paper Publications
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a study on bankers' perceptions of electronic banking in India. The study had the following objectives: 1) To understand bankers' views on e-banking activities, 2) To analyze the impact of e-banking on banks, 3) To examine promotional measures used to promote e-banking, and 4) To assess bankers' views on how e-banking impacts relationships with customers and bank performance. The study reviewed previous literature which found that education, age, and gender influence e-banking adoption. It then described the research methodology which included collecting primary and secondary data from 220 bankers across public and private sector banks in India through questionnaires.
This document summarizes a research paper on e-banking in Iran. The paper finds that e-banking provides several advantages to Iranian banks by reducing costs compared to traditional banking. However, Iranian customers still lack knowledge about e-banking services available. The document defines e-banking as the automated delivery of banking services through electronic channels like the internet and mobile phones. It provides examples of benefits of e-banking for both banks and customers, such as lower costs, increased convenience and 24/7 access to accounts and services. However, adoption of e-banking remains low in Iran compared to other developed countries.
11.problems and prospects of mobile banking in bangladeshAlexander Decker
This document summarizes research on mobile banking in Bangladesh and around the world. It discusses the problems and prospects of mobile banking in Bangladesh, including findings that 61% of respondents felt it saves time compared to traditional banking. It also reviews literature on mobile banking adoption factors, security issues, regulations, and the growth of mobile banking globally as a way to provide financial access. Key factors influencing mobile banking use and adoption are discussed, such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, costs, trust and technical barriers.
The advent of internet has great impact on the electronic banking. By using internet, banking is no time limit and geographic. Customers worldwide can within 24 days of the week and all have access to their accounts. Internet banking by using internet and web technologies enable customers to finance their activities in a virtual environment to do this is the difference between internet banking and home banking that for achieving banking services via the internet, there is no need to install proprietary software rather banking services but also can be accessed via a internet public network and the customer is linked to your bank account via the internet. This type of banking is partially web-based banking subsidiary with the difference is that web banking services bank was considered first introduced bank and service. Internet banking also expanded with the development of web applications. With increasing internet access to people who provide these services to be developed and banks that are unresponsive to this issue will disappear from the market
Digital Technologies in Customs and Prospects for Creating an Electronic Envi...ijtsrd
the article deals with the automation of customs control and clearance processes, the creation of convenience for entrepreneurs, the provision of public services in electronic form, digitization of interaction with customs services and departments in order to implement modern measures for the development of customs administration, improving the efficiency of customs. Suyunov Abdunor Miltikboyevich | Nasirova Sevinch Ilkhomjon Kyzy "Digital Technologies in Customs and Prospects for Creating an Electronic Environment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47739.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/47739/digital-technologies-in-customs-and-prospects-for-creating-an-electronic-environment/suyunov-abdunor-miltikboyevich
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document is a project submitted by Oluwatosin Ayo Awofodu to the Department of Economics at the University of Ibadan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Masters of Banking and Finance degree. The project examines the influence of mobile banking services on customers' choice of banks in Nigeria, using Guaranty Trust Bank as a case study. It includes an introduction outlining problems in the Nigerian banking system and the development of electronic banking. The document also includes chapters on literature review, methodology, empirical analysis, summary and conclusions.
The Impact of Customers Perception on Cost of Internet Banking on Its Usage i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Internet banking allows banks to provide information and offer services to their customers conveniently using the internet technology. However, studies have shown that customers have perceptions that impact on the uptake and continuous usage of the platform. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of customer perceptions on usage of internet banking in commercial banks in Kenya. This study used descriptive research design while a stratified random sampling technique was used to select subjects to represent the target population which was made up of 1,837,312 customers of commercial banks within Nairobi County. An estimated 384 respondents were targeted to participate in the study. 272 questionnaires representing a 71% response rate were received and analysed. Based on the findings of the research it was concluded that customers have perception that have an effect on usage of internet banking, Customer still feel that internet access fees and internet banking transaction charges are high. Costly internet access and unreasonable pricing of internet banking transactions, hinders usage of the internet and by extension technological solutions offered by commercial banks such as internet banking. Commercial banks can relook into the issue of subsidizing the monthly internet banking maintenance fee so as to attract more users and continued usage.
The comprehensive development of information and communication technology in the recent decades has made human face wonderfulevolution in all aspects of his life. Indeed, this evolution has had undeniable effects on economy general structure and social and cultural parts at the international level. Also, this evolution includes financial and banking services of the current century economy. They are so efficient that they have created some innovations on the kind, quality and quantity of the presented services. Technological revolutions creating high speed and low cost systems of electronic exchanges have seriously evolved financial and banking market structure. Thus this research considers e-banking fulfillmen.
E-BANKING IMPLEMENTATION AND TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE IN THE RAFIDAIN AND RASHEE...Hosam alden
n the third millennium, e-banking system has been adopted globally in the banking industry. On the other hand, Iraq as a nation with less developed IT adoption has not integrated this system in its banking services, instead of its current acknowledgement on the advantages of ebanking technology in competition among banking service providers. In
contrast, Iraqi banks still keep on adopting traditional banking system to
deliver the majority of their services which in this case are paper-based
work system. This is greatly resulted from the hesitation of bank
employees to adopt new banking technologies. This study aims to
identify the impact of hypothesis between e-banking system and Iraqi
banks employee perspective. This study was conducted by taking sample
of employee from two biggest public banks in Iraq which are ALRAFIDAIN and AL-RASHEED. A survey through questionnaires on the
website was used as the instrument to collect the data were analyzed
using PLS software. Technology Acceptance model(TAM) as a basic
foundation with independent variables Perceived Usefulness, Perceived
Ease of Use, Perceived IT Beliefs and Task–Technology Fit, Attitude as
Intervening and Intention to Use as dependent variable. The result of
hypothesis analysis reveals that there is a significant impact among all
variables to attitude, but Perceived Ease of Use, it does not apply variable
from those analysis it is depicted that Perceived Ease of Use does not impact to the perception of the implementation of e-banking system in Iraqi banks.
Indian growing new financial establishments, notably banks, square measure one among the most important investors within the domains of knowledge systems, and there square measure quite clear signs that these trends to spread within the future. The arrival and enlargement of globalization and also the development of Advanced technologies knowledge pushed the banks to adopt advanced technology to launch new services. Banks have applied remote enabled service victimization the net to achieve competitive advantage, increase potency, scale back prices and provide a range of latest services. On-line systems create banking transactions straightforward and convenient, notably for disabled people that could need special services. the most purpose of this current study is to look at the most keys to live the advantage perception of victimization net banking technology, as this advanced technology is taken into account together of the principal motivations underlying the inclinations of people to adopt such a convenient technology in India. The model developed associated developed during this analysis study is an extension to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The model was tested with a survey sample of four hundred folks chosen arbitrarily. The findings of the study indicate that everyone mentioned factors within the projected model (CNV, SE, QI, AW, PEU, PU) have important impact at intervals prompting the employment of net banking systems. The information analysis relies on the applied mathematics Package for scientific discipline (SPSS).
A Study on Role of Technology in Banking Sectorijtsrd
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between new technology implementation in banking sector and customers How they are aware about the technologies and how they are using it Data for this study was collected from the customers of various Banking Sectors under the Reserve Bank of India A simple percentage analysis and pie chart will be done According to questioners 30 samples are collected and interpretations are given Findings suggest that most of the customers of bank using ATM facility So the banks need to give awareness about the E-banking services Lastly, the paper is of few papers that focus on technology development in banking industry Aswin Raj. T | Mr. Bala Nageshwara Rao "A Study on Role of Technology in Banking Sector" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18357.pdf
A comparative analysis of the application of information technology by foreig...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study comparing the application of information technology by foreign and local banks in Ghana. It begins with an abstract summarizing the study's objectives and methods. The introduction provides background on the increasing role of information technology in banking and outlines the problem that while IT usage is widespread, little is known about differences between local and foreign banks in Ghana. The study aims to identify how banks in Ghana use IT and to compare usage and its impact on growth between local and foreign banks. The literature review discusses perceptions that foreign banks apply IT more extensively due to greater investment capacity. It also examines research suggesting IT can increase productivity, customer satisfaction and retention, leading to bank growth. The hypotheses test whether differences exist in IT usage and investment between
The Contribution of Electronic Banking to Customer Satisfaction: A Case of Gc...IJMIT JOURNAL
Internet banking has the potential to provide fast and reliable services to customers for which they are relatively happy. Due to the technological changes taking place all over the world, many institutions, including the banking sector have taken giant steps to move in tandem with these changes. In this light most
banks, with GCB Bank, Ghana, not being an exception have introduced electronic banking in order to decongest the banking halls of customers who spend time unending in order to transact business. The purpose of this research was to assess the Contribution of Electronic Banking to Customer Satisfaction at
GCB Bank-Koforidua, to this end some objectives were set for the study. These were: To assess the availability of electronic banking facilities at GCB Bank, Koforidua. To assess the knowledge and patronage of internet banking services by customers, to examine the effectiveness of the usage of electronic banking facilities, to examine the problem facing an internet banking in GCB Bank, Koforidua. This is a
quantitative study that employed the use of questionnaires as the main tools for data collection. Data was collected from management, staff and customers of GCB Bank, Koforidua Branch. Findings from analysis of data revealed that though there was the existence of internet banking facilities of the bank, respondents of the study were not fully aware of the existence of such facilities. It was also found that the use of internet
banking was quite expensive and that though the bank was utilizing the facility, customers were not fully patronizing them. It was concluded that internet banking brings efficiency in the operations of the bank. Finally, the study recommended that all branches of GCB Bank adopt internet banking facilities to help in effective banking operations and transactional purposes. To maximize the operations and potential of the bank management must endeavor to educate the customers about the existence of internet banking facilities since a few customers were aware of the existence of such facilities.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ELECTRONIC BANKING TO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A CASE OF GC...IJMIT JOURNAL
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the contribution of electronic banking to customer satisfaction at GCB Bank in Koforidua, Ghana. The study found that while electronic banking facilities like internet banking existed, many customers were unaware of them. It also found that using electronic banking was seen as expensive by customers, and while the bank offered the facilities, customers did not fully utilize them. The study concluded that electronic banking improves banking operations efficiency, and recommended that GCB Bank educate customers more about electronic banking facilities to increase awareness and maximize their operations and potential.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
This document presents a circuit envelope simulation method for analyzing semiconductor devices. It introduces the theory and implementation of combining harmonic balance and circuit envelope approaches. A test case of a GaAs MESFET is used to demonstrate the method. Signal profiles of displacement current and conduction current are examined under various input signals to identify the physical origins of nonlinearity in the device. The method links signal distortion to device operation and geometry and shows promise for optimizing power amplifiers for wireless applications.
The April meeting of the Houston Netsquared featured guest speaker Jeff D. Frey from Rice University. Jeff shared the pros and cons of open source technology for nonprofits plus gave some recommendations to open source software, including Tendenci the open source CMS for nonprofit websites.
The 65th edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy sets out energy data for 2015, revealing a year in which significant long-term trends in both the global demand and supply of energy came to the fore with global energy consumption slowing further and the mix of energy sources shifting towards lower-carbon fuels.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
This document provides a summary of BP's first quarter 2016 results webcast and conference call. It includes an introduction by Jess Mitchell, Head of Investor Relations, and Brian Gilvary, Chief Financial Officer. Gilvary discusses BP's financial results for the first quarter, including lower underlying replacement cost profit of $530 million due to a weaker price environment. He also provides updates on BP's cost reduction progress, capital expenditure plans, and expectations for balancing organic cash flows by 2017 at oil prices of $50-55 per barrel.
This presentation discusses issues facing forestry across Canada including government policies related to forestry management, forest fires, responses to natural disaster, mitigation of losses, response time to natural disaster, budget cycles and Coordinated responses to forest fires.
Empirical analysis of the impact of post merger on nigerian banks profitabilityAlexander Decker
This research examines the impact of post-merger performance on Nigerian banks using data from Access Bank and United Bank for Africa between 2005-2012. The study finds that post-merger performance has not significantly impacted banks' profitability. It recommends that only strong banks merge to form mega-banks to achieve promised synergies, and that unethical banking practices be discouraged. The document provides background on reasons for increasing mergers and acquisitions in Nigeria's banking sector, as well as challenges that can arise from the consolidation process.
The annual Energy Outlook reflects our best effort to describe a “most likely” trajectory of the global energy system, based on our views of likely economic and population growth, as well as developments in policy and technology
This 2015 edition updates our view of the likely path of global energy markets to 2035. We make assumptions on changes in policy, technology and the economy, based on extensive internal and external consultations, using a range of analytical tools to build a single “most likely” view.
The Outlook highlights the continuous change in the energy system – the changing fuel mix, the changing patterns of trade – as it adapts to meet the world’s growing energy needs. It also highlights the challenge of delivering energy supplies which are sustainable, secure and affordable. The Outlook emphasizes the role of competition and market forces in driving technology and innovation to help us meet that challenge.
A day in the life of the BP Carteret fuel terminal bp
Located in the New York Harbour area, BP’s Carteret terminal is a major hub for fuel supply on the US East Coast. Every day, thousands of gallons of gasoline and diesel are transported, blended and stored by the Carteret team and then shipped out to serve the largest metropolitan area in the United States.
Full research behind the presentation "Fortune 100 CEOs are Social Media Slackers". It shows how the most powerful CEOs are disconnected from Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook.
The document provides an overview and executive summary of BP's 2016 Energy Outlook. Key points include:
- Global GDP and population are projected to more than double by 2035, driving increased energy demand.
- Fossil fuels remain dominant but their share declines as gas and renewables grow rapidly. Gas becomes the fastest growing fossil fuel.
- China's energy growth slows significantly, weighing on coal demand, while India accounts for over a quarter of increased demand by 2035.
- Oil demand grows by almost 20 Mb/d led by Asia, met by increased non-OPEC supply, while emissions growth rate more than halves.
The annual Energy Outlook reflects our best effort to describe a “most likely” trajectory of the global energy system, based on our views of likely economic and population growth, as well as developments in policy and technology
This 2015 edition updates our view of the likely path of global energy markets to 2035. We make assumptions on changes in policy, technology and the economy, based on extensive internal and external consultations, using a range of analytical tools to build a single “most likely” view.
The Outlook highlights the continuous change in the energy system – the changing fuel mix, the changing patterns of trade – as it adapts to meet the world’s growing energy needs. It also highlights the challenge of delivering energy supplies which are sustainable, secure and affordable. The Outlook emphasizes the role of competition and market forces in driving technology and innovation to help us meet that challenge.
BP Oman, along with implementing partners, has
launched over 20 social investment programmes that
have so far benefitted 33,727 people. Find out more about them here
- BP reported a 30% increase in underlying replacement cost profit from $0.7 billion in 2Q16 to $0.9 billion in 3Q16. Underlying operating cash flow declined 12% year-on-year to $4.8 billion.
- Upstream underlying RCPBIT was flat at $0 billion compared to a loss of $0.7 billion in 2Q16. Downstream underlying RCPBIT increased to $1.4 billion from $1.5 billion in 2Q16.
- BP expects to balance organic sources and uses of cash at $50-55/bbl Brent by 2017 and deliver organic free cash flow growth thereafter through cost reductions and performance improvement. Capital
The Energy Outlook sets out a base case which outlines the 'most likely' path for global energy markets until 2035, based on assumptions and judgments about future changes in policy, technology and the economy. The Outlook also develops alternative cases to explore key uncertainties
The six main steps to build an oil platform are:
1. Long steel tubes are welded together to form the frame or "jacket" which is towed out to the field and secured onto the seabed.
2. The topsides structure is constructed separately with equipment and then floated over and lowered onto the secured jacket.
3. After construction of the multi-decked topsides is completed by connecting all pipework and equipment, it is loaded onto a barge for transport.
This document summarizes a study on bankers' perceptions of electronic banking in India. It discusses the objectives and methodology of the study, which surveyed 190 bankers about e-banking activities, impact, and promotion. Key findings include:
1) Most customers (54.74%) use e-banking services due to banker persuasion rather than own initiative. Middle-aged men ages 30-50 make greatest use of e-banking.
2) Bankers perceive e-banking has improved relationships with customers and overall bank performance. The majority felt satisfaction with e-banking customer retention rates.
3) The number of customers using e-banking is increasing, with 58.94% of
A study on banker's perception of electronic bankingRAVICHANDIRANG
Information and communication technologies have changed the working of the banking industry in the last few years. The
transformation is expected to quicken their pace in the coming years. The trend towards electronic delivery of products and
services is dramatically changing in the financial service industry, where the shift is partly as a result of consumer demand
but also a ruthless competitive environment. The present paper is an attempt to understand the use and benefits of e-Banking
from Bankers’ perspectives. This paper is the outcome of an empirical study with the objective of investigating bankers’
views regarding e-banking. It covers bankers’ perspectives on e-banking activities of respondents, impact of e-banking and
promotional measures used by banks to promote e-banking. The customers generally use e-Banking services on persuasion of
bankers. The bankers are convinced that e-banking helps in improving the relationship between bankers and customers and
that it will bring patent improvement in the overall performance of banks. So far as promotional avenues are concerned,
print media is at the top. The sources used from secondary level of data.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Management (IJM) about factors influencing the adoption of e-banking in India. The article discusses how e-banking has changed the banking industry and provided customers with more convenient access. It then reviews past literature on factors like trust, demographics, service quality that affect e-banking usage. The research aims to understand factors influencing customers' choice of e-banking, critical success factors for users, and obstacles preventing non-users from adopting e-banking. A mixed methods approach including questionnaires was used to understand users and non-users.
An evaluation of the efficacy of information technology on the performance of...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the efficacy of information technology (IT) on the performance of selected banks in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. The study reviewed literature on how IT has been applied to banking services and management. It presented results from a survey of 103 customers from 3 banks that found IT reduced time wasting and increased productivity and customer satisfaction. Statistical analysis revealed customers' perceptions of IT's impact on service delivery did not significantly differ between banks. The study concluded IT has increased banks' processing speed and ability to serve more customers, and recommended Nigerian banks continue investing in IT to further enhance customer service and profitability.
The Effect of Electronic Banking on the Operations of Deposit Money Banks in ...ijtsrd
The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of electronic banking on the operational performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Specifically, it sought to determine the effect of automated teller machine transactions, electronic mobile banking transactions, point of sale terminals transactions on the operational performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study adopted the ex post facto research design and covered the period from 2006 to 2020. Ordinary least square regression and Granger Causality tool was used for the analysis of the data obtained. The results of the study reveal that automated teller machine transactions have positive and significant effect on the operational performance of Deposit money banks in Nigeria while both point of sale terminal transaction and mobile banking transactions have negative and insignificant effects on the operational performance of Deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommends that Deposit money banks and monetary authorities should sensitize the banking public on the proper use of electronic banking transactions to lessen the frequent cases of errors, fraud and malfunction. Osakwe Charity Ifunanya | Ezeaku Chisom Njideka "The Effect of Electronic Banking on the Operations of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (2006-2020)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50220.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/50220/the-effect-of-electronic-banking-on-the-operations-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria-20062020/osakwe-charity-ifunanya
This document summarizes a research study on emerging trends in electronic banking in Ghana. The study examines customer and employee acceptance and usage of SpeedBanking, an electronic banking innovation.
The study found high acceptance of SpeedBanking among bank employees (88%) but lower acceptance among customers (52%). Both customers and employees cited benefits like convenience and time savings. However, most customers reported dissatisfaction with SpeedBanking, while most employees were satisfied.
Regression analysis showed that SpeedBanking positively impacts employee time efficiency and performance. However, the innovation seems to have mixed effects on customer satisfaction with service delivery. While addressing some issues like security and accessibility, SpeedBanking may not fully meet customer expectations.
This document summarizes a study on the challenges and prospects of online banking in the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia's Debre Markos branch. The study found several challenges including interruptions to networks, lack of IT skilled workforce, security concerns, and lack of infrastructure. However, it also identified prospects such as cost reduction, increased customer satisfaction and convenience. The objectives of the study were to identify challenges of mobile and online banking, examine prospects, identify benefits to banks, and investigate solutions to problems. The findings aim to help decision-makers and managers address challenges and improve online banking services.
There has been tremendous growth in mobile banking penetration in many countries in the developed and
developing economies and most interestingly in a number of developing countries such as Nigeria. Yet there are numbers of opportunities and threats in the mobile banking systems. However the major threat of mobile banking is its non-adoption by the banking customers. This research focuses on the perceived barriers to mobile banking adoption in Nigeria as a developing economy. The study adopted an exploratory qualitative method and this was conducted among banking customers spread across three regions of North, West and East of Nigeria. The basis of participants’ selection was being active customers of the Nigerian banks. Findings indicate that there is intention to adopt the mobile banking services; unfortunately, the
intentions cannot be translated into action due mainly to lack of trust on issues such as the delivery
channels/technology, communication infrastructures, government policies, etc. Findings further revealed
that majority of respondents do not use internet and mobile banking services, due to several identified
barriers. There is however a preference for the traditional banking approaches as opposed to the mobile
banking services. The study recommends that banks and other financial institutions embark on massive
awareness campaign.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ELECTRONIC BANKING TO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A CASE OF GC...IJMIT JOURNAL
Internet banking has the potential to provide fast and reliable services to customers for which they are relatively happy. Due to the technological changes taking place all over the world, many institutions, including the banking sector have taken giant steps to move in tandem with these changes. In this light most
banks, with GCB Bank, Ghana, not being an exception have introduced electronic banking in order to decongest the banking halls of customers who spend time unending in order to transact business. The purpose of this research was to assess the Contribution of Electronic Banking to Customer Satisfaction at
GCB Bank-Koforidua, to this end some objectives were set for the study. These were: To assess the availability of electronic banking facilities at GCB Bank, Koforidua. To assess the knowledge and patronage of internet banking services by customers, to examine the effectiveness of the usage of electronic banking facilities, to examine the problem facing an internet banking in GCB Bank, Koforidua. This is a quantitative study that employed the use of questionnaires as the main tools for data collection. Data was collected from management, staff and customers of GCB Bank, Koforidua Branch. Findings from analysis of data revealed that though there was the existence of internet banking facilities of the bank, respondents of the study were not fully aware of the existence of such facilities. It was also found that the use of internet banking was quite expensive and that though the bank was utilizing the facility, customers were not fully patronizing them. It was concluded that internet banking brings efficiency in the operations of the bank. Finally, the study recommended that all branches of GCB Bank adopt internet banking facilities to help in effective banking operations and transactional purposes. To maximize the operations and potential of the bank management must endeavor to educate the customers about the existence of internet banking facilities since a few customers were aware of the existence of such facilities.
The study was designed to identify basic factors required to deepen adoption of
internet banking in the delivery of banking services to a rapidly growing market
characterized by complexities in service requirements. Analysis of data collected from
selected customers of 5 DMBs in Lagos, Ogun and Ebonyi States of Nigeria showed
that alternative service channels offered by technology-based applications enhanced
the delivery of banking services to bank customers. Specifically, the result showed
significant impact of ease of access, cost, reliability, and security/integrity of
technology-driven service delivery channels on the adoption of engineering
technology-based applications in Nigeria's banking industry.
Customer Adoption of Internet Banking in MauritiusWaqas Tariq
This document summarizes a study on factors influencing the adoption of internet banking in Mauritius. The study uses logistic regression on survey data from 1240 individuals to analyze what factors predict a person opting for online banking. The regression found that 6 factors were statistically significant: younger age, higher income, lower perceived risk of internet banking, higher perceived usefulness, higher frequency of checking bank accounts, and having internet access at home. The study concludes these are the main determinants for individuals in Mauritius to adopt internet banking.
Customers Perception on Prior Knowledge of Technology and Its Effect on Usage...paperpublications3
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the effect of customers' perceptions on the usage of internet banking in commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically, it examined how prior knowledge of technology affects use of internet banking. The study used a descriptive research design and surveyed 272 customers across 12 commercial banks in Nairobi County. The findings showed that customers' perceptions, including their level of prior technological knowledge, influenced their use of internet banking. Those with less knowledge and experience using computers and the internet were less likely to use internet banking services. The study concluded that customers' perceptions, particularly regarding their familiarity with technology, have an impact on the adoption and continued use of internet banking.
This study examines the adoption of electronic banking (e-banking) by customers in Ghana, using EcoBank Ghana as a case study. E-banking provides benefits to both banks and customers by reducing costs, improving efficiency and increasing convenience. However, adoption of e-banking in developing countries has lagged behind due to lack of infrastructure. The objectives are to identify the benefits and challenges of e-banking adoption in Ghana, as well as critical success factors. Questionnaires were administered to EcoBank staff and customers. Results found that e-banking was adopted to meet customer needs and market trends. Benefits included increased revenues, productivity and cost savings. The major challenge was Ghana's technology infrastructure. Overall, the
A comparative study on e–banking services at bangalore cityIJARIIT
Technology in Indian banking has evolved substantially from the days of back-office automation to today's online,
centralized and integrated solutions. Banking is now no longer confined to the branches where one has to approach the
branch in person, to withdraw cash or deposit a cheque or request a statement of accounts. With the expansion of internet
usage, e-banking has become one of the most revolutionized components of today’s economic growth. E-banking is powerful
value added tool to attract new customers and retain the existing ones. With the proliferation of internet and computer usage, the electronic delivery of e-banking service has become ideal for banks to meet customer expectations.
Customers Perceived Risk and the Adoption of Electronic Banking in South East...ijtsrd
This research examined the relationship between perceived risk and the adoption of electronic banking in south east Nigeria. Specifically, the study addressed the relationship between the seven dimensions of perceived risk financial risk, performance risk, social risk, physical risk privacy risk, time risk and psychological risk and the adoption of electronic banking in the south eastern region of Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design in collecting data questionnaire and personal interviews were used in collecting primary data while documentary sources were used for secondary data. The population of the study was made up of electronic banking users in the five States of the south east region of Nigeria. Since the populate is an infinite population, the Cochran general accepted formula for determining sample size for an infinite population was employed to determine the sample size of four hundred and ninety 490 electronic banking users. Descriptive statistics were employed to check the behaviour of the data and to ready the data for inferential statistics analysis. Some of the statistics were mean and standard deviation minimum, maximum, skewness and kurtosis. The data was analysed and hypotheses tested using the Structural Equation Model SEM and with aid of WarpPLS 6.0 software. Findings from the study showed that perceived risks in its seven dimension studied, has a significant relationship with the adoption of E banking in Nigeria and thus recommended that Managers of financial institutions should to develop workable plans to eliminate the negative effect of perceived risk, by increasing acceptance of risk which could be done by offering training or simulations to customers to facilitate their use of internet banking. Chibike O. Nwuba | Rev. Prof. Anayo Dominic Nkamnebe "Customers Perceived Risk and the Adoption of Electronic Banking in South-East Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31206.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/31206/customers-perceived-risk-and-the-adoption-of-electronic-banking-in-southeast-nigeria/chibike-o-nwuba
This study examined customers' usage of digital banking in Gobichettipalayam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu. A survey was conducted of 100 banking customers to understand their perceptions and factors influencing adoption of digital banking. Results showed that income, education, and age significantly impacted digital banking usage. Customers were motivated by the convenience of 24/7 access, time savings, and ease of use. However, some concerns around security of personal information and safe transactions remained. Overall, customers seemed to be adapting to digital banking despite challenges, with convenience factors being key drivers of popularity and satisfaction.
Mobile banking has grown in Nigeria in recent years as banks offer SMS banking, funds transfers, bill payments, and other services via mobile phones. However, the paper identifies several challenges to the operation of mobile banking in Nigeria, including insecure environments, interoperability issues between different mobile devices, unstable power and network infrastructure, and low financial literacy among many Nigerians. The paper proposes that Nigerian banks adopt a "non-bank led model" of mobile banking to make services more transformational and accessible to the unbanked, rather than just adding a new channel for existing customers. Future research is needed to address challenges like security, scalability, and expanding financial inclusion through mobile banking in Nigeria.
It is evident that financial services industry has been undergoing a profound transformation in Nigeria. Rapid changes in the banking environment, increased competition by new players from non-banking sector, product innovations, globalization and technological advancement-all these have led to a market situation in which the battle for consumers is intense. We look at the prospect and challenges of mobile banking services in Nigeria using four selected’ banks as case study, reviewed prior literatures on mobile banking, analyze the different factors that impact the market, and give direction for future research on this emerging field. A framework of four contingency and five competitive factors were proposed to facilitate the analysis. Factors affecting mobile services in Nigeria such interoperability, unstable power supply, network problems etc. were identified. Finally, we recommended that non–bank led model of mobile banking be adopted by Nigeria banks to make the services transformational instead of additives as is currently being practiced.
Electronic Customer Relationship Management and Consumer Behaviour (A Study o...IJRTEMJOURNAL
The study focuses on electronic customer relationship management and consumer behavior with
special emphasis on diamond bank Plc. Retail financial services in all markets, including emerging markets, are
undergoing major transformation that is driven by change, deregulation and customer sophistication. Electronic
Customer service and specifically online customer relationship management in particular is crucial to attaining
a sustainable competitive advantage, in the market place. The main objective of the study is to examine the effect
of electronic customer relationship management on customer patronage. A survey design was adopted for the
study and one hundred and ninety copies of structured questionnaire were used as primary data collection
instrument which was distributed to customers of diamond bank in the study area. However, the postulated
hypotheses were tested by employing the Pearson product moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) statistical
tool which was facilitated by the statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS). The study however showed that
a significant relationship exists between e-CRM and consumer behavior. Furthermore, it was found that amongst
the dimensions of e-CRM, e-commitment and e-satisfaction impacts more significantly on customer patronage.
The study therefore concludes that Nigerian money deposit banks should increase their electronic platform
strategies since they commensurably impact on their level of customer patronage. However, the study
recommended that the key to efficient performance of Nigeria banking industry is hinged on their ability to
identify, attract, retain and develop their customers better than competitors and could be achieved by improved
e-trust, e-commitment and e-satisfaction. Limitation and suggestion for further studies was given.
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Bankers perceptions of electronic banking in nigeria
1. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online)
Vol 3, No 2, 2012
Bankers Perceptions of Electronic banking in Nigeria: A
Review of Post Consolidation Experience
Morufu Oladejo* Taibat Akanbi
Department of Management and Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
* E-mail of the corresponding author: moolad02@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract
Electronic banking has gained increasing popularity and thus attracted the attention of both academics
and practitioners. This paper aims to collect bank employees’ perceptions of the potential benefits and
risks associated with electronic banking in Nigeria most especially the post consolidation era. Primary
sources were used to collect the data and were analyzed via mean score analysis. The results suggest
that bankers in Nigeria perceive electronic banking as tool for minimizing inconvenience, reducing
transaction costs, altering customers queuing pattern and saving customers banking time. The
consolidation era witnessed upsurge in Electronic banking. Similarly, bankers believed that electronic
banking increases the chances of government access to public data, increases the chances of fraud and
that there is a lack of information security.
Keywords: Electronic banking, Electronic payment, bankers’ perception, post consolidation era,
Nigerian banks, Cashless economy.
1. Introduction
Evidence from the literature revealed that the level of user’s acceptance of Electronic banking will be
greatly determined by their perceptions of its effectiveness and use in term of costs and benefits
(Pavlou 2003;Gefen & Straud, 2004; Apiah & Agyemang, 2007; Abu-Musa 2005; Joseph, Sekhon,
Stone, & Tinson 2005; Chandio, 2008; 2009;Olatokun & Igbinedion 2009). The rapid advancement in
electronic distribution channels has produced tremendous changes in the financial industry in recent
years, with an increasing rate of change in technology, competition among players and consumer needs
as argued Hughes, (2001). According to Kaleem & Ahmad (2008), increasing competition among
banks and from non-bank financial institutions also raises concerns as to why some people adopt one
distributional channel and others do not, and that identifying the factors that may influence this
decision is vital for service providers. However Patricio, (2003) argued that new services are difficult
to evaluate where the quality of trustworthiness dominates. It is also important to study the impact of
technology based transactions on bankers’ perceptions and behaviour as evidenced from
Lymperopoulos, and Chaniotakis, (2004). Whereas Barnes and Howlett, (1998) pointed out that IT-
based distribution channels reduce personal contact between the service providers and the customers,
which inevitably leads to a complete transformation of traditional bank-customers relationships
Studies have shown significant and positive correlation between Information (Technology (IT) and
performance (Mahmood & Mann 2000; Lipton 2002; Hadidi 2003) and as such the application of IT
concept, techniques, policies and implementation strategies of banking services has become a subject
of fundamental importance and concerns to all banks and indeed a pre-requisite for local and global
competitiveness (Agboola 2006; Ayo 2006; Salawu & Salawu 2007; Oladejo & Dada 2008; Oladejo
and Adereti 2010).
How bankers perceive the benefits and threat associated with electronic banking has implications on
bank service delivery and as such worthy of investigation by adding to literature and collecting
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2. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online)
Vol 3, No 2, 2012
empirical evidences in the Nigeria context. Also, it is desirable to examine the attitude of the post
consolidated banks to electronic banking in Nigeria.
2. Statement of the problem
Nigeria is largely a cash-based economy with large percentage of funds residing outside the banking
sector as against the developed world where the money in circulation is for example 4 percent in US
and 9 percent in U.K. Whereas the cash-based economy is characterized by the psychology to
physically hold and touch cash a culture informed by ignorance, illiteracy, and lack of security
consciousness and appreciation of the merit of digital payment (Ovia 2002). Loss of inter personal
contact between bankers and customers is one of the features of electronic banking which has its effect
on banking services.The advent of the Internet commerce has prompted the invention of several
payment tools to help facilitate the completion of business transactions over the Internet. Most of these
tools still fail to gain sufficient supports from online merchants (Hsieh 2001). Few studies in this
regards exist in Nigeria thus creating gaps for the current study.
This paper reviews the existing literature on electronic banking and then examines bankers’ perceptions
towards electronic banking in Nigeria and is expected to provide answers to the following questions:
• What is the attitude of post consolidated banks towards E-banking in Nigeria?
• How do the Nigerian bankers perceive Electronic banking?
• How are bankers’ perceptions of the risk associated to electronic banking in
Nigeria?
Apart from section one which is the introductory part, the paper is divided into three sections. Section
two discussed the literature review and conceptual underpinnings, section three explained the
methodology adopted for the study, section four provides the framework of the study while chapter five
concluded the study with necessary recommendations.
3. Literature review and conceptual clarifications
For many years, accountants, bankers, technology specialists, entrepreneurs, and other practitioners
have advocated for the replacement of physical cash and the introduction of more flexible, efficient and
cost effective retail payment solutions in line with the global trend (Ovia; Fansan 2007). Countless
conferences and seminars have been held to discuss the concepts of cashless and “chequeless” society
as observed by Bank for International Settlement, (2005). Automation is gaining grounds on daily basis
in the world business circle. According to Ovidiu-Constantin (2009), accounting is heavily involved in
the processes of regionalization and globalization, through adjustment and transformation of systems of
national accounts into a single system and that the current turbulence that occurs on the capital market
requires rapid decisions based on transparent accounting information available in real time.
Bankers’ perceptions of the benefits of electronic banking have attracted the attention of many
researchers, especially in recent years. Banks normally assign their managers responsibility for the
promotion of the use of electronic channels to customers (Lymperopoulos, and Chaniotakis, 2004).
This is in line with the view of Moutinho, (1997) that the managers input as delivery staff is important
and that it is the manager’s responsibility to ensure that branch staff is professional, well-trained and
knowledgeable about the range of services provided by the bank. Furthermore, Moutinho and Phillips
(2002) found that Scottish bank managers considered efficiency and enhancement of customer service
to be two perceived advantages of Internet banking. Similarly, Aladwani (2001) highlighted faster,
easier, and more reliable service for customers, and improvement of the bank’s competitive position to
be the most important drivers of online banking among bank and IT managers in Kuwait.
3.1 Development of electronic banking in Nigeria
Kaleem & Ahmad (2008) observed that Electronic banking is the latest in the series of technological
wonders of the recent past and that ATMs, Tele-banking, Internet Banking, Credit Cards and Debit
Cards have emerged as effective delivery channels for traditional banking products. The Government
of Nigeria further promoted electronic banking with the CBN release on August 2003. This recognizes
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3. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online)
Vol 3, No 2, 2012
that electronic banking and payments services are still at the early stages of development in Nigeria.
Arising from the three major roles of the CBN in the areas of monetary policy, financial system
stability and payments system oversight, the CBN Technical Committee on E-Banking has produced a
report, which anticipates the likely impact of the movement towards electronic banking and payments
on the achievement of CBN’s core objectives. Following from the findings and recommendations of
the Committee, four categories of guidelines have been developed as follows:
• Information and Communications Technology (ICT) standards, to address issues relating to
technology solutions deployed, and ensure that they meet the needs of consumers, the economy and
international best practice in the areas of communication, hardware, software and security.
• Monetary Policy, to address issues relating to how increased usage of Internet banking and electronic
payments delivery channels would affect the achievement of CBN’s monetary policy objectives.
• Legal guidelines to address issues on banking regulations and consumer rights protection.
• Regulatory and Supervisory, to address issues that, though peculiar to payments system in general,
may be amplified by the use of electronic media.
The Guidelines are expected to inform the future conduct of financial institutions in electronic banking
and electronic payments delivery. This landmark step provided legal recognition of digital signatures
and documents, thus reducing the risks associated with the use of electronic banking in Nigeria.
At present almost all the commercial banks in Nigeria have set up their own ATM Networks, issue
debit and credit cards and have joined ATM switch Network (Ovia 2002; Ayo, Ekong, Fatudimu, and
Adebiyi 2007 ). According to Somoye (2008), between 1952-1978, the banking sector recorded fourty-
five (45) banks with varying minimum paid-up capital for merchant and commercial banks. The
number of banks increased to fifty-four (54) from 1979-1987. The number of banks rose to one
hundred and twelve (112) from 1988 to 1996 with substantial varying increase in the minimum capital.
The number of banks dropped to one hundred and ten (110) with another increase in minimum paid-up
capital and finally dropped from 89 as at end of 2003 to twenty-five in 2006 with a big increase in
minimum paid-up from two billion naira in January 2004 to twenty five billions in July 2004. As at the
end of 2010 the number of banks licensed to practise in Nigeria stood at 24 (www.cbn.ng 2011).
.
3.2 Benefits of Electronic Banking
The perceived benefits of electronic banking have been documented in recent studies, especially
Thornton and White (2001) that compared several electronic distribution channels available for banks
in United States and concluded that customer orientations towards convenience, service, technology,
change, knowledge about computing and the Internet affected the usage of different channels.
Howcroft, Hamilton, & Hewer (2002), found that the most important factors encouraging consumers to
use online banking are lower fees followed by reducing paper work and human error, which
subsequently minimize disputes as observed Kiang, Raghu, & Hueu-Min Shang (2000). Byers and
Lederer, (2001) concluded that it was changing consumer attitudes rather than bank cost structures that
determines the changes in distribution channels; they added that virtual banks can only be profitable
when the segment that prefers electronic media is approximately twice the size of the segment
preferring street banks. Convenience of conducting banking outside the branch official opening hours
has been found significant in cases of adoption. Banks provide customers convenient, inexpensive
access to the bank 24 hours a day and seven days a week. Moutinho et al., (1997) pointed out that each
ATM could carry out the same, essentially routine, transactions as do human tellers in branch offices,
but at half the cost and with a four-to-one advantage in productivity.
Agboola (2006) observed that some payments are now being automated and absolute volume of cash
transactions have declined under the impact of electronic transaction brought about by the adoption of
ICT to the payment system especially in the developed countries. Emmanuel and Sife (2008) observed
that positive effects of ICT have continually been noted in business, production, education, politics,
governance, culture and other aspect of human life. This view is corroborated by Agboola (2004) and
Ayo (2006) that the growing rate of ICT particularly the internet has influenced at an exponential rate,
on line interaction and communication among the generality of the populace.
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4. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online)
Vol 3, No 2, 2012
Highlighting the impact of ICT in recent years, Rao, Metts and Mong (2003) observed that the 1990s
witness the proliferation and hyper growth of internet and internet technologies, which together are
creating a global and cost-effective platform for business to communicate and conduct commerce.
Oladejo and Dada (2008) investigated the impact of IT on the performance of Insurance companies in
Nigeria.
Ayo, Ekong, Fatudimu, and Adebiyi (2007) conducted an investigation on the level of adoption of ICT
in the Nigerian banking sector using SWOT analysis. It was found that all banks in Nigeria offer e-
banking services and about 52% of them offer some forms of other on line banking services. They
agreed with fact that Nigeria was the fastest growing telecoms nation in Africa and the third of the
world. The country had experienced a phenomenal growth from a teledencity of 0.49 in 2000 to 25.22
in 2007. This trend had brought about a monumental development in the major sector of the economy,
such as banking, telecoms and commerce in general. They concluded that all the 25 banks in Nigeria
engaged the use of ICT as a platform for effective and efficient delivery of banking services such as
electronic payment cards with internet banking and mobile banking services gradually being
introduced. Literatures indicate the movement away from cash transactions (0via 2001, Patric Kaleem
& Ahmad 2008) and in words of Agboola, (2006) the use of non-cash payment has continued to rise
with increasing value. Tellers are today equipped to issue receipts (deposit slips) for cash deposits the
service of ordering bank draft of certified cheques made payable to third parties has also been
increasingly automated (Ovia 1998;Irechukwu 2000). Oladejo & Dada (2008) investigated the impact
of information technology on insurance firm services in Nigeria. Using non-parametric statistics (Chi-
square) in testing the hypothesis formulated, the study concludes that the recent observed upsurge
effectiveness and efficiency in the insurance industry in Nigeria is attributable to their high investment
in information technology.
Gerrard and Cunningham (2003) found a positive correlation between convenience and online banking
and remarked that a primary benefit for the bank is cost saving and for the consumers a primary
benefits is convenience. Multi-functionality of an IT based services may be another feature that
satisfies customer needs (Gerson, 1998).
A reduction in the percentage of customers visiting banks with an increase in alternative channels of
distribution will also minimize the queues in the branches as averred Thornton and White, (2001).
Increased availability and accessibility of more self-service distribution channels helps bank
administration in reducing the expensive branch network and its associate staff overheads. Bank
employees and office space that are released in this way may be used for some other profitable ventures
(Birch and Young, 1997).
Yakhlef (2001) pointed out that banks are responding to the Internet differently, and that those which
see the Internet as a complement and substitute to traditional channels achieved better communication
and interactivity with customers. Robinson (2000) argued that the online banking extends the
relationship with the customers through providing financial services right into the home or office of
customers. The banks may also enjoy the benefits in terms of increased customers loyalty and
satisfaction (Oumlil and Williams, 2000). However, Nancy, Lockett, Winklhofer, and Christine (2001),
viewed the same situation differently and argued that customers like to interact with humans rather than
machines. They found more possibilities for asking questions and believe that bank clerks are less
prone to errors. It is thus essential that any face-to-face transactions are carried out efficiently and
courteously. This increases the possibility of selling the customer another service that they need and
also promotes a good image and enhances customer loyalty (Moutinho et al., (1997).
Kaleem and Ahmad (2008) investigated bank employees’ perceptions of the potential benefits and risks
associated with electronic banking in Pakistan. Primary sources were used to collect the data and were
analyzed via frequency analysis and mean score analysis. The results suggest that bankers in Pakistan
perceive electronic banking as tool for minimizing inconvenience, reducing transaction costs and
saving time. Polatoglu and Ekin (2001) found that low levels of email usage and a preference for doing
over-the-counter transactions at bank branches are the main reasons for not using e-banking in Turkey.
The opportunity to conduct a trial may help to convince reluctant customers as suggested Black,
Lockett, Winklhofer, & Ennew, (2001) and as such Boon and Ming (2003) concluded that banks in
Malaysia should concentrate on enhancing their operation and product management through a mixture
of branch banking and e-channels, like ATMs, phone banking and PC banking.
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3.3 Risks Associated with Electronic Banking
Although, electronic banking provides many opportunities for the banks, it is also the case that the
current banking services provided through Internet are limited due to security concerns, complexity and
technological problems (Sathye, 1999: Mols, 1999)
Hewer and Howcroft (1999) used the term trust to describe a measure of risk. Suganthi et al., (2001)
viewed risk in the context of security concerns and risk in the context of trust in one’s bank. Finally, a
number of studies found trust and perceived risks have a significant positive influence on commitment
(Bhattacherjee, 2002; Mukherjee and Nath, 2003) and ultimately leads towards overall satisfaction
(Rexha et al., 2003). Reputation of a service provider is another important factor affecting trust. Doney
and Cannon (1997) defined reputation as the extent to which customers believe a supplier or service
provider is honest and concerned about its customers. Tyler and Stanley (1999) argued that banks can
build close and long lasting relationships with customers only if trust, commitment, honesty and
cooperation is developed between them.
Nancy et al.’s (2001) study found that customers’ complain about computer logon times which are
usually longer than making a telephone call. In addition, respondents felt that they have to check and
recheck the forms filled in online, as they are worried about making mistakes. Frequent slow response
time and delay of service delivery causes customers to be unsure that the transaction has been
completed (Jun and Cai, 2001). Min and Galle (1999) found the disruption of information access to be
a common factor related to unwillingness to use Internet channels for commerce.
Liao and Cheung (2002) found that individual expectations regarding accuracy, security, transaction
speed, user friendliness, user involvement and convenience are the most important attributes in the
perceived usefulness of Internet-based e-retail banking.
Confidentiality of consumer data is another important concern in the adoption of online banking
(Gerrard and Cunningham, 2003). Customers fear that someone will have unlimited access to their
personal financial information. Also, White and Nteli (2004) conducted a study that focused on why
the increase in Internet users in the UK had not been paralleled by increases in Internet usage for
banking purposes. Their results showed that customers still have concerns with the security and the
safety aspects of the Internet.
Lack of specific laws to govern Internet banking is another important concern for both the bankers and
the customers. This relates to issues such as unfair and deceptive trade practice by the supplier and
unauthorized access by hackers. Larpsiri et al., (2002) argued that it is not clear whether electronic
documents and records are acceptable as sufficient evidence of transactions. They also pointed out that
the jurisdiction of the courts and dispute resolution procedures in the case of using the Internet for
commercial purposes are important concerns. Disputes can arise from many sources. For instance,
websites are not a branch of the bank. It is difficult for the court to define the location of the branch and
decide whether they have jurisdiction (Rotchanakitumnuai and Speece, 2003).
Other risks associated to electronic banking are job losses, lack of opportunities to socialize and the
development of a lazy society (Black at al., 2001).
4. Methodology
The present study used a survey that was designed and conducted in Lagos, Nigeria where almost all
the consolidated banks have their branches located. This position is justified by the Central banks of
Nigeria recently selecting Lagos state as the Cashless policy centre (www.channelnews.org 2011). Six
major commercial banks (UBA, ZENITH, GTB, FIRST, SKYE, and OCEANIC banks plc) were
selected. The selection criterion was that each bank must have a minimum of five branches in Lagos.
The survey selected every tenth branch at random and addresses of the branches were downloaded
from the official websites of the respective banks.
A specifically designed questionnaire was used as a tool, and banks employees were requested to
complete this during office hours. Trained students assisted in the distribution and collection of the
questionnaires. In each branch at least three branch employees were requested to fill in the
questionnaire, at least one at each of the levels of officer, manager and executive. Overall 224 out of
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the 240 questionnaires were selected for the purpose of analysis. A five point Likert scale was used to
measure all the statements (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Before the field work, a pilot
study with ten branch employees was conducted in order to refine the questions. Finally, data was
analyzed via frequency analysis and mean score analysis.
Table I
Bankers’ Perceptions of the Benefits/Advantages of Electronic Banking
Statements Mean Rank
1. Electronic banking minimizes the cost of transactions 4.42 2
2. Electronic banking saves time 4.41 3
3. Electronic banking minimizes inconvenience 4.44 1
4. Electronic banking provides up-to-date information 4.33 6
5. Electronic banking increases operational efficiency 4.34 5
6. Electronic banking reduces HR requirements 4.19 9
7. Electronic banking facilitates quick response 4.34 4
8. Electronic banking improves service quality 4.23 8
9. Electronic banking minimizes the risk of carrying cash 4.26 7
10.Electronic banking alters customer queuing pattern in the bank 4.18 10
Table I shows the mean scores of bankers’ perceptions of the benefits of electronic banking. Table I
shows that the statements, “Electronic banking minimizes inconvenience”, “Electronic banking
minimizes the cost of transactions” and “Electronic banking saves time” appear with the highest mean
scores of 4.44, 4.42 and 4.41. The outcomes are similar to those of earlier studies made by Moutinho et
al., (1997), Thornton and White (2001), Howcroft et al., (2002) and Gerrard and Cunnigham (2003).
The bankers give average importance to the statements, “Electronic banking facilitates quick
responses” (4.34), “Electronic banking increases operational efficiency” (4.34) and “Electronic banking
provides up-to-date information” (4.33). These outcomes are contrary to the findings of Moutinho and
Phillips (2002) in case of UK and Aladwani (2001) in case of Kuwait, where the managers gave the
highest priority to faster, easier and reliable IT services for customers.
The statements “Electronic banking alters customers queuing pattern in banking hall” (4.18),
“Electronic banking reduces HR requirements” (4.19) and “Electronic banking improves service
quality” (4.23) had the lowest mean scores. These findings are the opposite of those found by Birch and
Young (1997) who found reductions in branches and associated staff with the introduction of Internet
banking.
Table II
Bankers’ Perceptions of the Risks Associated with Electronic Banking
Statements Mean Rank
1. Electronic banking has the chance of data loss 1.94 7
2. Electronic banking has the chance of fraud 2.48 2
3. Electronic banking has the chance of government access 3.83 1
4. Electronic banking lacks information security 2.17 3
5. Electronic banking charge a high cost for services 1.79 9
6. Electronic banking has many legal and security issues 1.93 8
7. Electronic banking needs expertise and training 1.98 4
8. Electronic banking has inadequate information on the website 1.95 5
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9. Electronic banking has less operational reliability 1.95 6
Table II shows the bankers’ perceptions of the risks associated with electronic banking. The results
show that bankers agreed with the statement “Electronic banking has the chance of government access”
which appears with the highest mean score of 3.83, followed by the statements “Electronic banking has
the chance of fraud” (2.48) and “Electronic banking lacks information security” (2.17).
These findings are similar to those of Gerrard and Cunningham (2003) who, in case of Singapore,
emphasized that the confidentiality of consumer data is an important concern in the adoption of the
online banking. Customers fear that someone will have unlimited access to their personal financial
information. Further, steps should be taken to develop trust among banks employees, first towards the
issues of information security and the chances of fraud. Table II shows that bankers do not agree with
the statements that “Electronic banking charges a high cost for services” (1.79) and “Electronic
banking has many legal and security issues” (1.93). The statement “Electronic banking charges a high
cost for services” needs further investigation.
5. Conclusion and Recommendation
This study was based upon potential attributes identified in the literature review and covering the
benefits and risks associated with electronic banking. Using these attributes, the study investigated
banks employees’ perceptions of electronic banking.
In the first process of analysis, mean scores of benefits and risks associated with electronic banking
were computed and ranked. Bankers consider ‘minimizes inconvenience’, ‘minimizes cost of
transactions’ and ‘time saving’ to be important benefits and ‘chances of government access’, ‘chances
of fraud’ and ‘lack of information security’ to be vital risks associated with electronic banking. The
bankers do not consider ‘reduction in HR requirements’ and ‘improves service quality’ to be important
benefits and ‘legal and security issues’ and ‘charging high costs for services’ to be important risks
associated with electronic banking.
The findings conclude that ‘minimizes inconvenience’ and ‘government access to data’ appear as most
important benefit and risk respectively, while ‘reduces HR requirements’ and ‘charges high costs for
services’ are the least important benefits and risk associated with electronic banking.
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BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF AUTHORS
1. MR OLADEJO MORUFU OLADEHINDE is currently a lecturer 1 in the department of
Management and Accounting of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo state Nigeria. He has MSC in Accounting, MBA and BSc in Accounting
from Olabisi Onbanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun state Nigeria. He is an associate member
as well as examiner to both the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN), and the
Chartered Institute of Taxations of Nigeria (CITN). He is pursuing his Phd in Management
Sciences of the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, with
specialisation in Accounting. His research interests include accounting information system,
Financial Institutions Analysis and electronic payment system.
2. MRS AKANBI TAIBAT ADENIKE is currently a lecturer in the department of
Management and Accounting of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo state Nigeria. She has B.TECH in Accounting and M.TECH Management
Sciences with specialisation in Accounting and Information Technology. Her research interest
is in Information Technology and management.
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