How to preserve bamboo techniques contains little about bamboo ,properties. pros and cons of bamboo. Some traditional preservation and modern chemical preservation techniques.

1. BAMBOO PRESERVATION
BY SHRIKRISHNA KULKARNI (Dattashri)

2. BENT LIKE A BAMBOO BUT DON’T BRAKE

3. HOW BAMBOO IS DIFFERENT FROM WOOD
 Have higher comprehensive strength than wood, brick
and concrete. Have great tensile strength.
 Used as food source, building material and raw
materials
 Bamboos are a group of woody perennial evergreen
plants in the true grass family
 Growth is longitudinally
 No lateral or radial growth
 Contains hallow stem called culm
 Contains s 50% parenchyma,40% fibers
 10 % vessels and sieve tube
 Bamboo do not develop reaction wood due to ageing
 Density varies from 500 to 800 kg/m
 Density variation much in dendrocalamus strictus

4. PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO
 Possess very high moisture
 Affected by species, season of felling
 Moisture lowest in dry season and highest in rainy
season
 Green bamboo has 150 % moisture
 FSP is 20 to 22 %
 Bamboo shrinks in dia and wall thickness
 This is higher than wood
 Have high tensile strength
 Contains 50 t0 70 % hemicelluloses,
silica,pentosans and lignin

5. DURABILITY OF BAMBOO
 Natural durability is very low
 Depends on age , species, season and type of use
 Untreated lasts for 4 to 7 years
 Ready food for variety of organisms
 This is due to starch in green or dry bamboo
 Bamboo has no toxic constituents
 Mainly stain fungi, borer beetls,brown rot and white
rot
 Biodegradation is serious problem
 Decay fungi affects pulp yield
 Loss of fiber materials

6. DURABILITY OF BAMBOO
 Fungal attack increases pulping cost, loss of
strength
 Chipping loss and digester capacity
 Termites also attack bamboo
 Hence, necessary to protect bamboo
 Bamboo is hygroscopic

7. DRYING OF BAMBOOS
 Quick drying is necessary
 Kiln drying – Not feasible for round bamboos
 Air drying 6-12 weeks Initial Moisture and wall
thickness

8. PROTECTION OF BAMBOO PLANTATION
 Protection of bamboo plantation
 Not much work in India for plantation
 Some defoliators, suckers, weevil borers can attack
bamboo
 Not much fungal attacks in plantation

9. PROTECTION OF BAMBOO DURING STORAGE
 Maturity of culm is key factor
 Pest attack on stored bamboo may be sporadic
 Treatment needed at time of stacking and transport
 Repetition is needed after 4 to 6 months

10. TREATMENTS TO INCREASE LIFE
Two categories
1) Treatment of green bamboos
2) Treatment of dry bamboos
 Traditional methods and chemical preservation
 Traditional methods are leaching in water or white
wash
 Controlling starch contents
 1) Felling of bamboo during low-sugar content
season. Higher is spring than winter
 2) Felling of bamboo at maturity when sugar
content is low. Generally 3-4 years bamboo

11. TREATMENTS TO INCREASE LIFE
 Post-harvesting transpiration of bamboo culm
 Water soaking of bamboo
 Lime washing and other coatings
 Coatings such as tar, lime wash , tar +lime wash

12. CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT METHODS
 Offers longer life
 Variety of chemicals
 Penetration and distribution
 Steeping method 7-14 days
 Sap displacement generally 6-7 days
 Diffusion process
 Steaming and quenching
 Boucherie process
 Soaking process
 Hot cold process
 Pressure treatment

13. BOUCHERIE PROCESS
It is suitable for freshly felled green bamboos with
branches and leaves intact. Even one-day-old bamboos
can be treated by just chopping off about 15 cm from the
butt end. In the process, the preservative is pushed
through the bamboo by gravity from a container placed
at a height. This method has been modified to use a
simple hand pump by means of which air pressures of 1
.0 to 1.4 kg/cm’ could be applied to the preservative in a
suitable container kept at the ground level
This reduces the period of treatment significantly. The
penetration and absorption of the preservative depend
upon several factors like concentration of solution,
treatment time, nature of chemicals used, dimensions of
bamboo, its age and moisture content.

14. BOUCHERIE PROCESS

15. MODIFIED BOUCHERIE PROCESS

16. TYPES OF BAMBOO PRESERVATIVES
Mainly two categories
1) Solvent borne preservatives
2) water borne preservatives
Solvent borne
 Creosote base
 Copper naphthenates
 Zinc naphthenates
Water borne preservatives
 Copper chrome arsenate CCA
 Copper chrome borate CCB
 Ammonical Copper quaternary ACQ
 Copper naphthenates water borne
 Glycol and borate base
 Wood stabilizers for cracking of bamboo

17. TYPES OF BAMBOO PRESERVATIVES
 Tebuconazole
 Bifenthirn
 Cypermethrin
 Propiconazole
 Carbedenzim
 Triadimefon
 Acid copper chromate
 Copper HDO
 Polymeric betaine

18. MAJOR QUALITIES OF BAMBOO PRESERVATIVES
 Base
 Effectiveness
 Carcinogenic
 Toxicity
 Broad spectrum
 Eco friendly
 Marine pollutant
 Aquatic poisonous
 Fixation in bamboo
 Penetration in Bamboo
 Leaching in water
 Leaching in soil

19. MAJOR QUALITIES OF BAMBOO PRESERVATIVES
 Distribution in bamboo
 Odor
 Color on bamboo
 If ideal for ground contact
 If approved by AWPA/ IPRITI
 Economy
 Ease of use
 Availability
 Retention in Bamboo

20. CALCULATION OF CHEMICALS
Calculate the internal volume of the culms
Volume = Inner radius squared X 3.1416 X height
of Culm in cm Divided by 1000
Example - Bamboo radius 6 cm ,Height 400 cm
( 6x6 ) X 3.1416 X 400 Divided by 1000
= 45 liters

21. BAMBOO ENEMIES
Brown rot fungi

22. SOFT ROT FUNGI
Soft Rot

23. BAMBOO MOLD

24. BAMBOO ENEMIES BEETLES
Beetles

25. BOSTRICHID BEETLES
Bostrichid beetles

26. TERMITES
Termites

27. RESEARCH INSTITUTES
 IPRITI , Bangalore
 Forest Research Institute, Dehradun
 AWPA
 Bamboo Society of India
 Kerala forest Research Institute
 Institute of wood science & technology
 Indian Academy of wood science
 Forest College and research Institute, Coimbatore
 Bamboo Information centre
 National Bamboo Mission

28. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 Bamboo Society Of India, Organizing Committee
 IPRITI ,Dr. Dubey
 Mr. Bedekar, Mr. Vinay Kolte
 Dr. Nachiket Thakur
 Dr. Kashyap , BNCA
 Bamboo Dev. Board
 PCERF
 Dr. Jagdale
 Mr. Singh , Mr. Tewari
 Mr. Purushottam
 And many more

29. THANK YOU