Cruise missiles form a major part of modern warfare and have spread extensively to all branches of the military. Their effective use in a modern conflict can change the outcome of war without resorting to nuclear weapons. Improvements in cruise missile technology will see more intelligent, self-manoeuvring and hypersonic missiles flood the world market. But whatever happens, cruise missiles will remain one of the most reliable weapons for the foreseeable future.

1. Seminar on the topic
Presented By :-
Vaibhav R. R. Chichmalkar
M.Sc. (Computer Science)
Semester I

2.  What is a Missile?
 About Cruise Missile.
 History
 General design of cruise missile.
 Categorization.
 Guidance system and its type.
 Advantages and Disadvantages.
 Future advancement in cruise missile: BrahMos cruise missiles
 Recent use of cruise missile
 Conclusion.

3.  Missile is a weapon or object that is thrown at a target (or)
 A projectile, that is, something thrown or otherwise
propelled
There are two types of missiles:
 UNGUIDED OR BALLISTIC MISSILES which moves freely
to the target and can’t be controlled after launching e.g.
missiles of tank
 GUIDED MISSILES which are guided through some
remote controls e.g. Cruise missile

4.  A cruise missile is basically a small unmanned
aircraft also called as unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAV).
 A cruise missile is an unmanned self-
propelled (till the time of impact) guided
vehicle that sustains flight through
aerodynamic lift
 A cruise missile does exactly what its name
says. It cruises, over land or over water. Its
working is similar to a jet engine powered
airplane.

5.  have 8.5-foot (2.61-meter) wingspan
 powered by turbofan engines
 can fly 500 to 1,000 miles (805 to 1,610 km)
depending on the configuration.
 deliver a 1,000-pound (450-kg) high-explosive
bomb to a precise location of the target.

9.  Cruise missile generally consist of
 Guidance system,
 Payload, and
 Propulsion system, housed in an airframe with
small wings.
 Payload usually consist of a conventional
warhead or a nuclear warhead.
 Cruise missile is propelled by a jet engine

10.  Cruise missiles can be categorized by
1.)Size
2.)Speed(subsonic/supersonic),
3.)Range
4.)Whether launched from:
 land,
 air,
 ship,
 submarine.

11. Launched from air Launched from ship
Launched from Land Launched from Submarine

12.  The purpose of a guidance system is to direct
the missile to target .
 Use of an automatic target recognition (ATR)
algorithm/device in the guidance system
increases accuracy of the missile.

13.  Inertial navigation system
 TERCOM (Terrain Contour Matching)
 DSMAC (Digital Scene-MappingArea
Correlator)
 Satellite navigation

14.  An inertial navigation system includes
 a computer and a platform containing
accelerometers,
 gyroscopes, or
 other motion-sensing devices.
 Accelerometers measure the vertical, lateral,
and longitudinal accelerations of the controlled
missile .
 Gyroscopes measure the angular velocity of the
system.

16.  It uses a pre-recorded contour map of the terrain that
is compared to measurements made during flight by
an on-board radar altimeter.
 The missile's radar altimeter feeds measurements into
a smaller buffer, and averages them out to produce a
single measurement.
 The series of such numbers a strip of measurements
similar to those held in the maps.The two are
compared to overlay the strip on the known map, and
the positioning of the strip within the map produces a
location and direction.

18.  A series of photographs are taken from
surveillance aircraft and are put into a carousel
in the missile.
 Another camera takes pictures out of the
bottom of the missile.
 A computer compares the two images and
attempts to line up areas of high contrast.
 This system is very slow and its role is being
taken up byTERCOM.

20.  Using a satellite positioning system, such as
GPS.
 Satellite navigation systems are precise and
cheap.
 If the satellites are interfered ten, the satellite
navigation system becomes inoperable.
 The GPS-based navigation is useful in a conflict
with a technologically unsophisticated adversary

22.  The big advantage of the cruise missile is its smallness and
cost.The missile's small size and weight of less than 3000
pounds enables an aircraft to carry a great number of
them
 Its small size also improved the weapon’s chances of
penetration, especially when combined with its ability to
fly along the contour of the earth
 The map matching system (TERCOM) is combined with an
inertial navigational system in a system calledTAINS.This
not only gets the cruise to its target but also with an
accuracy heretofore unheard(less than 100m)

23.  The missiles aren't always accurate, they're expensive
 The lack of a human pilot means you can't re-use the
thing, whereas you can get multiple missions out of a
piloted aircraft.
 While they’re cheaper than ballistic missiles, they're more
expensive than the gravity bombs you'd drop from a
manned aircraft.
 Finally, their low and slow flight means they can be
engaged by a much wider variety of systems, including
MANPADS and SAMs, with consequently less chance of
reaching target.

24.  Currently cruise missiles are among the most
expensive of single-use weapons, up to several
million dollars apiece. However, they are
cheaper than human pilots when total training
and infrastructure costs are taken into account.
 Cruise missiles are much more difficult to detect
and intercept than other aerial assets, making
them particularly suited to attacks against static
air defense systems.

25. On June 12/2001, the BrahMos cruise missile took off from its
launched at Chandipur-on-a- Sea, Orissa, and reached a
speed of up to mach 2, it becomes the first ever supersonic
cruise missile that used liquid ram jet technology.
The BrahMos missile
 Travels at 2.8 to 3 times the speed of sound (mach2.8to3)
 Is three times faster than a subsonic cruise missile such as
theTomahawk of the U.S.
 Has 9 times the killing power because the killing power is
proportional to the square of the velocity.

27.  Cruise missiles form a major part of modern
warfare and have spread extensively to all
branches of the military.Their effective use in a
modern conflict can change the outcome of war
without resorting to nuclear weapons.
Improvements in cruise missile technology will
see more intelligent, self-maneuvering and
hypersonic missiles flood the world market. But
whatever happens, cruise missiles will remain
one of the most reliable weapons for the
foreseeable future.

28.  Cruise Missiles:Technology, Strategy, Politics - Book
by Richard K. Betts
 www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles
 www.foreignaffairs.com/.../cruise-missiles-
technology-strategy-politics
 www.ausairpower.net/DT-CM-Guidance
 www.howstuffworks.com
 www.aerospaceweb.org/.../ missiles