MIssile

1. MISSILE
In modern usage, a missile is a self-propelled precision-guided munition system, as
opposed to an unguided self-propelled munition, referred to as a rocket (although these
too can also be guided). Missiles have four system components: targeting
and/or missile guidance, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles come in types
adapted for different purposes: surface-to-surface and air-to-surface
missiles(ballistic, cruise, anti-ship, anti-tank, etc.), surface-to-air missiles (and anti-
ballistic), air-to-air missiles, and anti-satellite weapons. All known existing missiles are
designed to be propelled during powered flight by chemical reactions inside a rocket
engine, jet engine, or other type of engine.[citation needed]
Non-self-propelled
airborne explosive devices are generally referred to as shells and usually have a shorter
range than missiles.
In ordinary British-English usage predating guided weapons, a missile is "any thrown
object", such as objects thrown at players by rowdy spectators at a sporting event.[1]
Contents
[hide]
 1Etymology and usage
 2Early development
 3Technology
o 3.1Guidance systems
o 3.2Targeting systems
o 3.3Flight system
o 3.4Engine
o 3.5Warhead
 4Basic roles
o 4.1Surface-to-Surface/Air-to-Surface
 4.1.1Ballistic
 4.1.2Cruise missile
 4.1.3Anti-ship
 4.1.4Anti-tank
o 4.2Surface-to-air
 4.2.1Anti-aircraft
 4.2.2Anti-ballistic
o 4.3Air-to-air
o 4.4Anti-satellite
 5See also
 6References
 7External links
Etymology and usage[edit]

2. The word missile comes from the Latin verb mittere, meaning "to send".[2]
In military usage, munitions projected towards a target are broadly categorised as
follows:[citation needed]
 A powered, guided munition that travels through the air or space known as
a missile (or guided missile).
 A powered, unguided munition is known as a rocket.
 Unpowered munitions not fired from a gun are called bombs whether guided or not;
unpowered, guided munitions are known as guided bombs or smart bombs.
 Munitions that are fired from a gun are known as projectiles whether guided or not. If
explosive, they are known more specifically as shells or mortar bombs.
 Powered munitions that travel through water are called torpedoes (an older usage
includes fixed torpedoes, which might today be called mines).
 Hand grenades are not usually classed as missiles.
A common further sub-division is to consider ballistic missile to mean a munition that
follows a ballistic trajectory and cruise missile to describe a munition that generates lift,
similar to an airplane.
Early development[edit]
See also: History of rockets
V-1 missile
The first missiles to be used operationally were a series of missiles developed by Nazi
Germany in World War II. Most famous of these are the V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket,
both of which used a simple mechanical autopilot to keep the missile flying along a pre-
chosen route. Less well known were a series of anti-shipping and anti-aircraft missiles,
typically based on a simple radio control (command guidance) system directed by the
operator. However, these early systems in World War II were only built in small
numbers.
Technology[edit]
Guided missiles have a number of different system components:

3.  Targeting and/or missile guidance
 Flight system
 Engine
 Warhead
Guidance systems[edit]
Main article: Missile guidance
Missile Maintainer inspects missile guidance system of the LGM-30G Minuteman ICBM
Missiles may be targeted in a number of ways. The most common method is to use
some form of radiation, such as infrared, lasers orradio waves, to guide the missile onto
its target. This radiation may emanate from the target (such as the heat of an engine or
the radio waves from an enemy radar), it may be provided by the missile itself (such as
a radar), or it may be provided by a friendly third party (such as the radar of the launch
vehicle/platform, or a laser designator operated by friendly infantry). The first two are
often known as fire-and-forget as they need no further support or control from the
launch vehicle/platform in order to function. Another method is to use a TV guidance—
using either visible light or infrared—in order to see the target. The picture may be used
either by a human operator who steers the missile onto its target or by a computer doing
much the same job. One of the more bizarre guidance methods instead used apigeon to
steer the missile to its target.
Many missiles use a combination of two or more of the above methods to improve
accuracy and the chances of a successful engagement.
Targeting systems[edit]
Another method is to target the missile by knowing the location of the target and using a
guidance system such as INS, TERCOM or satellite guidance. This guidance system
guides the missile by knowing the missile's current position and the position of the
target, and then calculating a course between them. This job can also be performed
somewhat crudely by a human operator who can see the target and the missile and
guide it using either cable- or radio-based remote control, or by an automatic
system that can simultaneously track the target and the missile. Furthermore, some
missiles use initial targeting, sending them to a target area, where they will switch to
primary targeting, using either radar or IR targeting to acquire the target.
Flight system[edit]
Whether a guided missile uses a targeting system, a guidance system or both, it needs
a flight system. The flight system uses the data from the targeting or guidance system to

4. maneuver the missile in flight, allowing it to counter inaccuracies in the missile or to
follow a moving target. There are two main systems: vectored thrust (for missiles that
are powered throughout the guidance phase of their flight) and aerodynamic
maneuvering (wings, fins, canard (aeronautics), etc.).
Engine[edit]
Main articles: rocket engine, jet engine, solid-fuel rocket, and Liquid-propellant rocket
Solid rocket motor
Missiles are powered by an engine, generally either a type of rocket engine or jet
engine. Rockets are generally of the solid fuel type for ease of maintenance and fast
deployment, although some larger ballistic missiles use Liquid-propellant rockets. Jet
engines are generally used in cruise missiles, most commonly of the turbojet type, due
to its relative simplicity and low frontal area. Turbofans and ramjets are the only other
common forms of jet engine propulsion, although any type of engine could theoretically
be used. Missiles often have multiple engine stages, particularly in those launched from
the surface. These stages may all be of similar types or may include a mix of engine
types − for example, surface-launched cruise missiles often have a rocket booster for
launching and a jet engine for sustained flight.
Some missiles may have additional propulsion from another source at launch; for
example, the V1 was launched by a catapult, and theMGM-51 Shillelagh was fired out
of a tank gun (using a smaller charge than would be used for a shell).
Warhead[edit]
Main article: Warhead
Missiles generally have one or more explosive warheads, although other weapon types
may also be used. The warheads of a missile provide its primary destructive power
(many missiles have extensive secondary destructive power due to the high kinetic
energy of the weapon and unburnt fuel that may be on board). Warheads are most
commonly of thehigh explosive type, often employing shaped charges to exploit the
accuracy of a guided weapon to destroy hardened targets. Other warhead types
include submunitions,incendiaries, nuclear weapons, chemical, biological or radiological
weapons or kinetic energy penetrators. Warheadless missiles are often used for testing
and training purposes.
Basic roles[edit]

5. Missiles are generally categorized by their launch platform and intended target. In
broadest terms, these will either be surface (ground or water) or air, and then sub-
categorized by range and the exact target type (such as anti-tank or anti-ship). Many
weapons are designed to be launched from both surface or the air, and a few are
designed to attack either surface or air targets (such as the ADATS missile). Most
weapons require some modification in order to be launched from the air or surface, such
as adding boosters to the surface-launched version.
Surface-to-Surface/Air-to-Surface[edit]
Main articles: Surface-to-surface missile and Air-to-surface missile
Ballistic[edit]
An R-36 ballistic missile launch at a Soviet silo
Main article: Ballistic missile
After the boost stage, ballistic missiles follow a trajectory mainly determined
by ballistics. The guidance is for relatively small deviations from that.
Ballistic missiles are largely used for land attack missions. Although normally associated
with nuclear weapons, some conventionally armed ballistic missiles are in service, such
as MGM-140 ATACMS. The V2 had demonstrated that a ballistic missile could deliver a
warhead to a target city with no possibility of interception, and the introduction
of nuclear weapons meant it could efficiently do damage when it arrived. The accuracy
of these systems was fairly poor, but post-war development by most military forces
improved the basic Inertial navigation system concept to the point where it could be
used as the guidance system on Intercontinental ballistic missiles flying thousands of
kilometers. Today, the ballistic missile represents the only strategic deterrent in most
military forces; however, some ballistic missiles are being adapted for conventional
roles, such as the Russian Iskander or the Chinese DF-21D anti-ship ballistic missile.
Ballistic missiles are primarily surface-launched from mobile
launchers,silos, ships or submarines, with air launch being theoretically possible with a
weapon such as the cancelled Skybolt missile.
The Russian Topol M (SS-27 Sickle B) is the fastest (7,320 m/s) missile currently in
service.[3]
Cruise missile[edit]

6. United States Tomahawk cruise missile
Indian Supersonic cruise missileBrahMos.
Main article: Cruise missile
The V1 had been successfully intercepted during World War II, but this did not make
the cruise missile concept entirely useless. After the war, the US deployed a small
number of nuclear-armed cruise missiles in Germany, but these were considered to be
of limited usefulness. Continued research into much longer-ranged and faster versions
led to the US's SM-64 Navaho and its Soviet counterparts, the Buryaand Buran cruise
missile. However, these were rendered largely obsolete by the ICBM, and none were
used operationally. Shorter-range developments have become widely used as highly
accurate attack systems, such as the US Tomahawk missile, the Russian Kh-55, the
German KEPD 350. The BrahMos cruise missile, which is a joint venture between India
and Russia, is different in this class, as it is a supersonic cruise missile that can travel
much faster than other cruise missiles, which are subsonic.
Cruise missiles are generally associated with land-attack operations, but also have an
important role as anti-shipping weapons. They are primarily launched from air, sea or
submarine platforms in both roles, although land-based launchers also exist.
Anti-ship[edit]

7. The French Exocet missile in flight
Main article: Anti-ship missile
Another major German missile development project was the anti-shipping class (such
as the Fritz X and Henschel Hs 293), intended to stop any attempt at a cross-channel
invasion. However, the British were able to render their systems useless by jamming
their radios, and missiles with wire guidance were not ready by D-Day. After the war,
the anti-shipping class slowly developed and became a major class in the 1960s with
the introduction of the low-flying jet- or rocket-powered cruise missiles known as "sea-
skimmers". These became famous during the Falklands War, when an Argentine Exocet
missile sank a Royal Navy destroyer.
A number of anti-submarine missiles also exist; these generally use the missile in order
to deliver another weapon system such as atorpedo or depth charge to the location of
the submarine, at which point the other weapon will conduct the underwater phase of
the mission.
Anti-tank[edit]
U.S. Army soldiers firing an FGM-148 Javelin
Main article: Anti-tank guided missile
By the end of WWII, all forces had widely introduced unguided rockets using High-
explosive anti-tank warheads as their major anti-tank weapon
(see Panzerfaust, Bazooka). However, these had a limited useful range of 100 m or so,
and the Germans were looking to extend this with the use of a missile using wire
guidance, the X-7. After the war, this became a major design class in the later 1950s
and, by the 1960s, had developed into practically the only non-tank anti-tank system in
general use. During the 1973 Yom Kippur War between Israel and Egypt, the 9M14
Malyutka (aka "Sagger") man-portable anti-tank missile proved potent against Israeli

8. tanks. While other guidance systems have been tried, the basic reliability of wire
guidance means this will remain the primary means of controlling anti-tank missiles in
the near future. Anti-tank missiles may be launched from aircraft, vehicles or by ground
troops in the case of smaller weapons.
Surface-to-air[edit]
Anti-aircraft[edit]
MIM-104 Patriot missile being launched
Main article: Surface-to-air missile
By 1944, US and British air forces were sending huge air fleets over occupied Europe,
increasing the pressure on the Luftwaffe day and night fighter forces. The Germans
were keen to get some sort of useful ground-based anti-aircraft system into operation.
Several systems were under development, but none had reached operational status
before the war's end. The US Navy also started missile research to deal with
the Kamikaze threat. By 1950, systems based on this early research started to reach
operational service, including the US Army's MIM-3 Nike Ajax and the Navy's "3T's"
(Talos, Terrier, Tartar), soon followed by the Soviet S-25 Berkut and S-75 Dvina and
French and British systems. Anti-aircraft weapons exist for virtually every possible
launch platform, with surface-launched systems ranging from huge, self-propelled or
ship-mounted launchers to man-portable systems.
Anti-ballistic[edit]

9. Arrow missile
Main article: Anti-ballistic missile
Like most missiles, the S-300, S-400 (missile), Advanced Air Defence and MIM-104
Patriot are for defense against short-range missiles and carry explosive warheads.
However, in the case of a large closing speed, a projectile without explosives is used;
just a collision is sufficient to destroy the target. See Missile Defense Agency for the
following systems being developed:
 Arrow 3
 Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI)
 Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System (Aegis BMD) - an SM-3 missile with a
Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric Projectile (LEAP) Kinetic Warhead (KW)
Air-to-air[edit]
Main article: Air-to-air missile
A F-22 Raptor fires an AIM-120 AMRAAM
Soviet RS-82 rockets were successfully tested in combat at the Battle of Khalkhin Gol in
1939.
German experience in World War II demonstrated that destroying a large aircraft was
quite difficult, and they had invested considerable effort intoair-to-air missile systems to
do this. Their Messerschmitt Me 262's jets often carried R4M rockets, and other types of
"bomber destroyer" aircraft had unguided rockets as well. In the post-war period, the
R4M served as the pattern for a number of similar systems, used by almost all
interceptor aircraft during the 1940s and 1950s. Lacking guidance systems, such
rockets had to be carefully aimed at relatively close range to hit the target successfully.
The United States Navy and U.S. Air Force began deploying guided missiles in the early
1950s, most famous being the US Navy's AIM-9 Sidewinder and the USAF's AIM-4
Falcon. These systems have continued to advance, and modern air warfare consists
almost entirely of missile firing. In the Falklands War, less powerful British Harriers were
able to defeat faster Argentinian opponents using AIM-9L missiles provided by the
United States as the conflict began. The latest heat-seeking designs can lock onto a
target from various angles, not just from behind, where the heat signature from the
engines is strongest. Other types rely on radar guidance (either on board or "painted" by
the launching aircraft). Air-to-air missiles also have a wide range of sizes, ranging from
helicopter-launched self-defense weapons with a range of a few kilometers, to long-
range weapons designed for interceptor aircraft such as the R-37 (missile).

10. Anti-satellite[edit]
ASM-135 ASAT missile launch in 1985
Main article: Anti-satellite weapon
In the 1950s and 1960s, Soviet designers started work on an anti-satellite weapon,
called the Istrebitel Sputnik, which literally means "interceptor of satellites" or "destroyer
of satellites". After a lengthy development process of roughly twenty years, it was finally
decided that testing of the Istrebitel Sputnik be canceled. This was when the United
States started testing their own systems. The Brilliant Pebblesdefense system proposed
during the 1980s would have used kinetic energy collisions without explosives. Anti-
satellite weapons may be launched either by an aircraft or a surface platform,
depending on the design. To date, only a few known tests have occurred.
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Missile.
 Aeroprediction
 Center of pressure
 Fire-and-forget
 List of missiles
 List of missiles by nation
 Missile designation
 Proportional navigation
 Pursuit guidance
 Q-guidance
 Redstone missile
 Scramjet
 Shoulder-fired missile
 Skid-to-turn
 Timeline of rocket and missile technology

11.  Trajectory optimization
 V-1 flying bomb
References[edit]
1. Jump up^ Guardian newspaper: "Emmanuel Eboué pelted with missiles while playing
for Galatasaray" Example of ordinary English usage. In this case the missiles were
bottles and cigarette lighters
2. Jump up^ "Definition of MISSILE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
3. Jump up^ "World's military powers". The Independent.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to
Missiles.
Look up missile in
Wiktionary, the free
dictionary.
 S. A. Kamal, A. Mirza: The Multi-Stage-Q System and the Inverse-Q System for
Possible application in SLV, Proc. IBCAST 2005, Volume 3, Control and Simulation,
Edited by Hussain SI, Munir A, Kiyani J, Samar R, Khan MA, National Center for
Physics, Bhurban, KP, Pakistan, 2006, pp 27–33 Free Full Text
 S. A. Kamal: Incorporating Cross-Range Error in the Lambert Scheme, Proc. 10th
National Aeronautical Conf., Edited by Sheikh SR, Khan AM, Pakistan Air Force
Academy, Risalpur, KP, Pakistan, 2006, pp 255–263 Free Full Text
 S. A. Kamal: The Multi-Stage-Lambert Scheme for Steering a Satellite-Launch
Vehicle, Proc. 12th IEEE INMIC, Ed
BALLASTIC MISSILE
allistic missile is a missile that follows a ballistic trajectory with the objective of
delivering one or more warheads to a predetermined target. A ballistic missile is only
guided during relatively brief periods of flight (there are unguided ballistic missiles as
well, such as 9K52 Luna-M, although these may well be considered rockets), and most
of its trajectory is unpowered and governed by gravity and air resistance if in the
atmosphere. This contrasts to a cruise missile, which is aerodynamically guided in
powered flight. Long range intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) are launched at a

12. steep, sub-orbital flight trajectory and spend most of their flight out of the atmosphere.
Shorter range ballistic missiles stay within the Earth's atmosphere.
Contents
[hide]
 1History
 2Flight
 3Advantages
 4Missile types
 5Quasi ballistic missiles
 6See also
 7References
 8Further reading
 9External links
History[edit]
Rockets have been used as weapons for a long time (see History of rockets). A pioneer
ballistic missile was the A-4,[1]
commonly known as the V-2 rocket developed by Nazi
Germany in the 1930s and 1940s under the direction of Wernher von Braun. The first
successful launch of a V-2 was on October 3, 1942, and it began operation on
September 6, 1944 against Paris, followed by an attack on London two days later. By
the end of World War II in May 1945, over 3,000 V-2s had been launched.
The R-7 Semyorka was the first intercontinental ballistic missile.
A total of 30 nations have deployed operational ballistic missiles. Development
continues with around 100 ballistic missile flight tests in 2007 (not including those of the
US), mostly by China, Iran, and the Russian Federation.[citation needed]
In 2010, the U.S. and
Russian governments signed a treaty to reduce their inventory of intercontinental
ballistic missiles (ICBMs) over a seven-year period (to 2017) to 1550 units each.[2]
Side view of Minuteman-III ICBM
Flight[edit]
An intercontinental ballistic missile trajectory consists of three parts: the powered flight
portion; the free-flight portion, which constitutes most of the flight time; and the re-entry
phase, where the missile re-enters the Earth's atmosphere. (The flight phases for
shorter-range ballistic missiles are essentially the first two phases of the ICBM, as some
ballistic categories do not leave the atmosphere.)

13. Ballistic missiles can be launched from fixed sites or mobile launchers, including
vehicles (e.g., transporter erector launchers (TELs)),aircraft, ships, and submarines.
The powered flight portion can last from a few tenths of seconds to several minutes and
can consist of multiple rocket stages.
When in space and no more thrust is provided, the missile enters free-flight. In order to
cover large distances, ballistic missiles are usually launched into a high sub-orbital
spaceflight; for intercontinental missiles, the highest altitude (apogee) reached during
free-flight is about 1,200 kilometers (750 mi).
The re-entry stage begins at an altitude where atmospheric drag plays a significant part
in missile trajectory, and lasts until missile impact.
Advantages[edit]
The course taken by ballistic missiles has two significant desirable properties. First,
ballistic missiles that fly above the atmosphere have a much longer range than would be
possible for cruise missiles of the same size. Powered rocket flight through thousands
of kilometers of air would require vastly greater amounts of fuel, making the launch
vehicles larger and easier to detect and intercept. Powered missiles that can cover
similar ranges, such as cruise missiles, do not use rocket motors for the majority of their
flight, but instead use more economical jet engines. Despite this, cruise missiles have
not made ballistic missiles obsolete, due to the second major advantage: Ballistic
missiles can travel extremely quickly along their flight path. An ICBM can strike a target
within a 10,000 km range in about 30 to 35 minutes.[citation needed]
With terminal speeds of
over 5,000 m/s, ballistic missiles are much harder to intercept than cruise missiles, due
to the much shorter time available to intercept them. This is why ballistic missiles are
some of the most feared weapons available, despite the fact that cruise missiles are
cheaper, more mobile, and more versatile.[citation needed]
Missile types[edit]
Trident II SLBM launched byballistic missile submarine.

14. Ballistic missiles can vary widely in range and use, and are often divided into categories
based on range. Various schemes are used by different countries to categorize the
ranges of ballistic missiles:
 Tactical ballistic missile: Range between about 150 km and 300 km
 Battlefield range ballistic missile (BRBM): Range less than 100 km
 Theatre ballistic missile (TBM): Range between 300 km and 3,500 km
 Short-range ballistic missile (SRBM): Range between 300 km and 1,000 km
 Medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM): Range between 1,000 km and 3,500 km
 Intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) or long-range ballistic missile (LRBM):
Range between 3,500 km and 5,500 km
 Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM): Range greater than 5,500 km
 Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM): Launched from ballistic missile
submarines (SSBNs); Most current designs have intercontinental range with a
notable exception of Indian operational SLBM Sagarika and K-4 as well as North
Korea's currently operationally deployed KN-11[3]
which might not have
Intercontinental range. A comparable missile would be the
decommissioned China'sJL-1 SLBM with a range of less than 2,500km.
Short- and medium-range missiles are often collectively referred to as theater or tactical
ballistic missiles (TBMs). Long- and medium-range ballistic missiles are generally
designed to deliver nuclear weapons because their payload is too limited for
conventional explosives to be cost-effective (though the U.S. is evaluating the idea of a
conventionally armed ICBM for near-instant global air strike capability, despite the high
costs).
Quasi ballistic missiles[edit]
A quasi ballistic missile (also called a semi ballistic missile) is a category of missile that
has a low trajectory and/or is largely ballistic but can perform maneuvers in flight or
make unexpected changes in direction and range.[citation needed]
At a lower trajectory than a ballistic missile, a quasi ballistic missile can maintain higher
speed, thus allowing its target less time to react to the attack, at the cost of reduced
range.
The Russian Iskander is a quasi ballistic missile.[4]
The Russian Iskander-M cruises at
hypersonic speed of 2,100–2,600 m/s (Mach 6 - 7) at a height of 50 km. The Iskander-M
weighs 4,615 kg carries a warhead of 710 – 800 kg, has a range of 480 km and
achieves a CEP of 5 – 7 meters. During flight it can maneuver at different altitudes and
trajectories to evade anti-ballistic missiles.[5][6]
China, India & Iran have recently developed anti-ship ballistic missile;
MISSILE GUIDENCE

15. issile guidance refers to a variety of methods of guiding a missile or a guided bomb to
its intended target. The missile's target accuracy is a critical factor for its effectiveness.
Guidance systems improve missile accuracy by improving its "Single Shot Kill
Probability" (SSKP), which is part of combat survivability calculations associated with
the salvo combat model.[1][2]
These guidance technologies can generally be divided up into a number of categories,
with the broadest categories being "active," "passive" and "preset" guidance. Missiles
and guided bombs generally use similar types of guidance system, the difference
between the two being that missiles are powered by an onboard engine, whereas
guided bombs rely on the speed and height of the launch aircraft for propulsion.
Contents
[hide]
 1History
 2Categories of guidance systems
 3GOT systems
o 3.1Remote control guidance
 3.1.1Command to Line-Of-Sight (CLOS)
 3.1.1.1Manual Command to Line-Of-Sight (MCLOS)
 3.1.1.2Semi-Manual Command to Line-Of-Sight (SMCLOS)
 3.1.1.3Semi-Automatic Command to Line-Of-Sight (SACLOS)
 3.1.1.4Automatic Command to Line-Of-Sight (ACLOS)
 3.1.2Command Off Line-Of-Sight (COLOS)
 3.1.3Line-Of-Sight Beam Riding Guidance (LOSBR)
o 3.2Homing guidance
 3.2.1Proportional navigation
 3.2.2Radar homing
 3.2.2.1Active homing
 3.2.2.2Semi-active homing
 3.2.3Passive homing
 3.2.4Retransmission homing
 4GOLIS systems
o 4.1Preset guidance
o 4.2Inertial guidance
o 4.3Astro-inertial guidance
o 4.4Terrestrial guidance
 5See also
 6References
History[edit]

16. The concept of missile guidance originated at least as early as World War I, with the
idea of remotely guiding an airplane bomb onto a target.
In World War II, guided missiles were first developed, as part of the German V-
weapons program.[3]
Project Pigeon was American behaviorist B.F. Skinner's attempt to
develop a pigeon-guided missile.
Categories of guidance systems[edit]
Guidance systems are divided into different categories according to what type of target
they are designed for - either fixed targets or moving targets. The weapons can be
divided into two broad categories, Go-Onto-Target (GOT) and Go-Onto-Location-in-
Space (GOLIS) guidance systems.[4]
A GOT missile can target either a moving or fixed
target, whereas a GOLIS weapon is limited to a stationary or near-stationary target. The
trajectory that a missile takes while attacking a moving target is dependent upon the
movement of the target. Also, a moving target can be an immediate threat to the sender
of the missile. The target needs to be eliminated in a timely fashion in order to preserve
the integrity of the sender. In GOLIS systems the problem is simpler because the target
is not moving.
GOT systems[edit]
Guided Missle
In every Go-Onto-Target system there are three subsystems:
 Target tracker
 Missile tracker
 Guidance computer
The way these three subsystems are distributed between the missile and the
launcher result in two different categories:
 Remote Control Guidance: The guidance computer is on the launcher. The
target tracker is also placed on the launching platform.
 Homing Guidance: The guidance computers are in the missile and in the
target tracker.
Remote control guidance[edit]

17. These guidance systems usually need the use of radars and a radio or wired link
between the control point and the missile; in other words, the trajectory is
controlled with the information transmitted via radio or wire (see Wire-guided
missile). These systems include:
 Command guidance - The missile tracker is on the launching platform.
These missiles are totally controlled by the launching platform that sends all
control orders to the missile. The 2 variants are
 Command to Line-Of-Sight (CLOS)
 Command Off Line-Of-Sight (COLOS)
 Line-Of-Sight Beam Riding Guidance (LOSBR) - The target tracker is
on board the missile. The missile already has some orientation capability
meant for flying inside the beam that the launching platform is using to
illuminate the target. It can be manual or automatic.[5]
Command to Line-Of-Sight (CLOS)[edit]
The CLOS system uses only the angular coordinates between the missile
and the target to ensure the collision. The missile is made to be in the line of
sight between the launcher and the target (LOS), and any deviation of the
missile from this line is corrected. Since so many types of missile use this
guidance system, they are usually subdivided into four groups: A particular
type of command guidance and navigation where the missile is always
commanded to lie on the line of sight (LOS) between the tracking unit and
the aircraft is known as command to line of sight (CLOS) or three-point
guidance. That is, the missile is controlled to stay as close as possible on the
LOS to the target after missile capture.is used to transmit guidance signals
from a ground controller to the missile. More specifically, if the beam
acceleration is taken into account and added to the nominal acceleration
generated by the beam-rider equations, then CLOS guidance results. Thus,
the beam rider acceleration command is modified to include an extra term.
The beam-riding performance described above can thus be significantly
improved by taking the beam motion into account. CLOS guidance is used
mostly in shortrange air defense and antitank systems.
Manual Command to Line-Of-Sight (MCLOS)[edit]
Main article: Manual command to line of sight
Both target tracking and missile tracking and control are performed manually.
The operator watches the missile flight, and uses a signaling system to
command the missile back into the straight line between operator and target
(the "line of sight"). This is typically useful only for slower targets, where
significant "lead" is not required. MCLOS is a subtype of command guided
systems. In the case of glide bombs or missiles against ships or the
supersonic Wasserfall against slow-moving B-17 Flying Fortress bombers
this system worked, but as speeds increased MCLOS was quickly rendered
useless for most roles.

18. Semi-Manual Command to Line-Of-Sight (SMCLOS)[edit]
Target tracking is automatic, while missile tracking and control is manual.
Semi-Automatic Command to Line-Of-Sight (SACLOS)[edit]
Main article: Semi-automatic command to line of sight
Target tracking is manual, but missile tracking and control is automatic. Is
similar to MCLOS but some automatic system positions the missile in the line
of sight while the operator simply tracks the target. *SACLOS has the
advantage of allowing the missile to start in a position invisible to the user, as
well as generally being considerably easier to operate. SACLOS is the most
common form of guidance against ground targets such as tanks and
bunkers.
Automatic Command to Line-Of-Sight (ACLOS)[edit]
Target tracking, missile tracking and control are automatic.
Command Off Line-Of-Sight (COLOS)[edit]
This guidance system was one of the first to be used and still is in service,
mainly in anti-aircraft missiles. In this system, the target tracker and the
missile tracker can be oriented in different directions. The guidance system
ensures the interception of the target by the missile by locating both in space.
This means that they will not rely on the angular coordinates like in CLOS
systems. They will need another coordinate which is distance. To make it
possible, both target and missile trackers have to be active. They are always
automatic and the radar has been used as the only sensor in these systems.
The SM-2MR Standard is inertially guided during its mid-course phase, but it
is assisted by a COLOS system via radar link provided by the AN/SPY-1
radar installed in the launching platform.
Line-Of-Sight Beam Riding Guidance (LOSBR)[edit]
Main article: Beam riding
LOSBR uses a "beam" of some sort, typically radio, radar or laser, which is
pointed at the target and detectors on the rear of the missile keep it centered
in the beam. Beam riding systems are often SACLOS, but do not have to be;
in other systems the beam is part of an automated radar tracking system. A
case in point is later versions of the RIM-8 Talos missile as used in Vietnam -
the radar beam was used to take the missile on a high arcing flight and then
gradually brought down in the vertical plane of the target aircraft, the more
accurate SARH homing being used at the last moment for the actual strike.
This gave the enemy pilot the least possible warning that his aircraft was
being illuminated by missile guidance radar, as opposed to search radar.
This is an important distinction, as the nature of the signal differs, and is used
as a cue for evasive action.
LOSBR suffers from the inherent weakness of inaccuracy with increasing
range as the beam spreads out. Laser beam riders are more accurate in this
regards, but are all short-range, and even the laser can be degraded by bad

19. weather. On the other hand, SARH becomes more accurate with decreasing
distance to the target, so the two systems are complementary.[5]
Homing guidance[edit]
Proportional navigation[edit]
Main article: Proportional navigation
Proportional navigation (also known as PN or Pro-Nav) is a guidance
law (analogous to proportional control) used in some form or another by most
homing air targetmissiles.[6]
It is based on the fact that two objects are on
a collision course when the direction of their direct Line-of-Sight does not
change. PN dictates that the missile velocity vector should rotate at a rate
proportional to the rotation rate of the line of sight (Line-Of-Sight rate or LOS-
rate), and in the same direction.
Radar homing[edit]
Active homing[edit]
Main article: active radar homing
Active homing uses a radar system on the missile to provide a guidance
signal. Typically electronics in the missile keep the radar pointed directly at
the target, and the missile then looks at this "angle" of its own centerline to
guide itself. Radar resolution is based on the size of the antenna, so in a
smaller missile these systems are useful for attacking only large targets,
ships or large bombers for instance. Active radar systems remain in
widespread use in anti-shipping missiles, and in "fire-and-forget" air-to-air
missile systems such as AIM-120 AMRAAM and R-77
Semi-active homing[edit]
Main article: Semi-active radar homing
Semi-active homing systems combine a passive radar receiver on the missile
with a separate targeting radar that "illuminates" the target. Since the missile
is typically being launched after the target was detected using a powerful
radar system, it makes sense to use that same radar system to track the
target, thereby avoiding problems with resolution or power, and reducing the
weight of the missile. Semi-active radar homing (SARH) is by far the most
common "all weather" guidance solution for anti-aircraft systems, both
ground- and air-launched.[2]
It has the disadvantage for air-launched systems that the launch aircraft must
keep moving towards the target in order to maintain radar and guidance lock.
This has the potential to bring the aircraft within range of shorter-ranged IR-
guided (infrared-guided) missile systems. It is an important consideration
now that "all aspect" IR missiles are capable of "kills" from head on,
something which did not prevail in the early days of guided missiles. For
ships and mobile or fixed ground-based systems, this is irrelevant as the
speed (and often size) of the launch platform precludes "running away" from
the target or opening the range so as to make the enemy attack fail.

20. SALH is similar to SARH but uses a laser as a signal. Another difference is
that most laser-guided weapons employ a turret-mounted laser designator
which increases the launching aircraft's ability to maneuver after launch. How
much maneuvering can be done by the guiding aircraft will depend on the
turret field of view and the system's ability to maintain a lock-on while
maneuvering. As most air-launched, laser-guided munitions are employed
against surface targets the designator providing the guidance to the missile
need not be the launching aircraft; designation can be provided by another
aircraft or by a completely separate source (frequently troops on the ground
equipped with the appropriate laser designator).
Passive homing[edit]
See also: passive radar
Infrared homing is a passive system that homes in on the heat generated by
the target. Typically used in the anti-aircraft role to track the heat of jet
engines, it has also been used in the anti-vehicle role with some success.
This means of guidance is sometimes also referred to as "heat seeking".[2]
Contrast seekers use a television camera, typically black and white, to image
a field of view in front of the missile, which is presented to the operator.
When launched, the electronics in the missile look for the spot on the image
where the contrast changes the fastest, both vertically and horizontally, and
then attempts to keep that spot at a constant location in its view. Contrast
seekers have been used for air-to-ground missiles, including the AGM-65
Maverick, because most ground targets can be distinguished only by visual
means. However they rely on there being strong contrast changes to track,
and even traditional camouflage can render them unable to "lock on".
Retransmission homing[edit]
Main article: Track-via-missile
Retransmission homing, also called Track Via Missile or TVM, is a hybrid
between command guidance, semi-active radar homing and active radar
homing. The missile picks up radiation broadcast by the tracking radar which
bounces off the target and relays it to the tracking station, which relays
commands back to the missile.
GOLIS systems[edit]
Whatever the mechanism used in a Go-Onto-Location-in-Space guidance
system is, it must contain preset information about the target. These
systems' main characteristic is the lack of a target tracker. The guidance
computer and the missile tracker are located in the missile. The lack of target
tracking in GOLIS necessarily implies Navigational Guidance.[2]
Navigational guidance is any type of guidance executed by a system without
a target tracker. The other two units are on board the missile. These systems
are also known as self-contained guidance systems; however, they are not

21. always entirely autonomous due to the missile trackers used. They are
subdivided by their missile tracker's function as follows:
 Entirely autonomous - Systems where the missile tracker does not depend on
any external navigation source, and can be divided into:
 Inertial Guidance
 With Gimballed gyrostabilized platform or Fluid-suspended gyrostabilized
platform
 With Strapdown inertial guidance
 Preset Guidance
 Dependent on natural sources - Navigational guidance systems where the
missile tracker depends on a natural external source:
 Celestial Guidance
 Astro-inertial guidance
 Terrestrial Guidance
 Topographic Reconnaissance (Ex: TERCOM)
 Photographic Reconnaissance (Ex: DSMAC)
 Magnetic guidance
 Dependent on artificial sources - Navigational guidance systems where the
missile tracker depends on an artificial external source:
 Satellite Navigation
 Global Positioning System (GPS)
 GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS)
 Hyperbolic Navigation
 DECCA
 LORAN C
Preset guidance[edit]
Preset guidance is the simplest type of missile guidance. From the
distance and direction of the target, the trajectory of the flight path
is determined. Before firing, this information is programmed into
the missile's guidance system, which, during flight, maneuvers the

22. missile to follow that path. All the guidance components (including
sensors such asaccelerometers or gyroscopes) are contained
within the missile, and no outside information (such as radio
instructions) is used. An example of a missile using Preset
Guidance is the V-2 rocket.[7]
Inertial guidance[edit]
Main article: Inertial guidance
Inspection of MM III missile guidance system
Inertial Guidance uses sensitive measurement devices to
calculate the location of the missile due to the acceleration put on
it after leaving a known position. Early mechanical systems were
not very accurate, and required some sort of external adjustment
to allow them to hit targets even the size of a city. Modern
systems use solid state ring laser gyros that are accurate to within
metres over ranges of 10,000 km, and no longer require additional
inputs. Gyroscope development has culminated in the AIRS found
on the MX missile, allowing for an accuracy of less than 100m at
intercontinental ranges. Many civilian aircraft use inertial guidance
using the ring laser gyroscope, which is less accurate than the
mechanical systems found in ICBMs, but which provide an
inexpensive means of attaining a fairly accurate fix on location
(when most airliners such as Boeing's 707 and 747 were
designed, GPS was not the widely commercially available means
of tracking that it is today). Today guided weapons can use a
combination of INS, GPS and radar terrain mapping to achieve
extremely high levels of accuracy such as that found in modern
cruise missiles.[4]
Inertial guidance is most favored for the initial guidance and
reentry vehicles of strategic missiles, because it has no external
signal and cannot be jammed.[3]
Additionally, the relatively low
precision of this guidance method is less of an issue for large
nuclear warheads.
Astro-inertial guidance[edit]
See also: Inertial navigation system and Celestial navigation

23. The astro-inertial guidance is a sensor fusion/information fusion of
the inertial guidance and celestial navigation. It is usually
employed on submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Unlike silo-
based intercontinental ballistic missiles, whose launch point does
not move and thus can serve as a reference, SLBMs are launched
from moving submarines, which complicates the necessary
navigational calculations and increases Circular error probable.
This stellar-inertial guidance is used to correct small position and
velocity errors that result from launch condition uncertainties due
to errors in the submarine navigation system and errors that may
have accumulated in the guidance system during the flight due to
imperfect instrument calibration.
The USAF sought a precision navigation system for maintaining
route accuracy and target tracking at very high speeds.[citation
needed]
Nortronics, Northrop's electronics development division, had
developed an astro-inertial navigation system (ANS), which
could correct inertial navigation errors with celestial observations,
for the SM-62 Snarkmissile, and a separate system for the ill-
fated AGM-48 Skybolt missile, the latter of which was adapted for
the SR-71.[8][verification needed]
It uses star positioning to fine-tune the accuracy of the inertial
guidance system after launch. As the accuracy of a missile is
dependent upon the guidance system knowing the exact position
of the missile at any given moment during its flight, the fact that
stars are a fixed reference point from which to calculate that
position makes this a potentially very effective means of improving
accuracy.
In the Trident missile system this was achieved by a single
camera that was trained to spot just one star in its expected
position (it is believed[who?]
that the missiles from Soviet submarines
would track two separate stars to achieve this), if it was not quite
aligned to where it should be then this would indicate that the
inertial system was not precisely on target and a correction would
be made.[9]
Terrestrialguidance[edit]
Main articles: TERCOM and TERCOM § DSMAC
TERCOM, for "terrain contour matching", uses altitude maps of
the strip of land from the launch site to the target, and compares
them with information from a radar altimeter on board. More
sophisticated TERCOM systems allow the missile to fly a complex
route over a full 3D map, instead of flying directly to the target.
TERCOM is the typical system forcruise missile guidance, but is
being supplanted by GPS systems and by DSMAC, Digital
Scene-Matching Area Correlator, which employs a camera to

24. view an area of land, digitizes the view, and compares it to stored
scenes in an onboard computer to guide the missile to its target.
DSMAC is reputed to be so lacking in robustness that destruction
of prominent buildings marked in the system's internal map (such
as by a preceding cruise missile) upsets its navigation.[4]
See also[edit]
 List of missiles
 Countermeasure
 Precision bombing
References[edit]
1. Jump up^ "Active and Semiactive Radar Missile Guidance". Air
Power Australia.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d
"Chapter 15. Guidance and Control".
Federation of American Scientists.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b
Siouris, George. Missile Guidance and Control
Systems. 2004
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c
P. Zarchan, Tactical and Strategic Missile
Guidance, AIAA (2007).
5. ^ Jump up to:a b
[1] Archived January 9, 2007, at the Wayback
Machine.
OTHER MISSILES
Other missile lists[edit]
Types of missiles:
 Conventional guided missiles
 Air-to-air missile
 Air-to-surface missile
 Anti-ballistic missile
 Anti-satellite weapon
 Anti-ship missile
 Anti-submarine missile
 Anti-tank guided missile
 Land-attack missile

25.  Surface-to-air missile (list)
 Surface-to-surface missile
 Wire-guided missile
 Cruise missiles
 Air-launched cruise missile
 Ground-launched cruise missile
 Submarine-launched cruise missile
 Ballistic missiles
 Tactical ballistic missile
 Short-range ballistic missile
 Theatre ballistic missile
 Medium-range ballistic missile
 Intermediate-range ballistic missile
 Intercontinental ballistic missile (List of ICBMs/Comparison of ICBMs)
 Submarine-launched ballistic missile
 Air-launched ballistic missile
Missiles by name[edit]
Contents :
 Top
 0–9
 A
 B
 C
 D
 E
 F
 G
 H
 I
 J
 K
 L
 M
 N
 O
 P
 Q
 R
 S
 T
 U
 V
 W
 X
 Y

26.  Z
A[edit]
 A-3
 A-4
 A-9
 AA-1 Alkali (NATO reporting name for the Kaliningrad K-5)
 AA-2 Atoll (NATO reporting name for the Vympel K-13)
 AA-3 Anab (NATO reporting name for the Kaliningrad K-8)
 AA-4 Awl (NATO reporting name for the Raduga K-9)
 AA-5 Ash (NATO reporting name for the Raduga K-80)
 AA-6 Acrid (NATO reporting name for the Kaliningrad K-40)
 AA-7 Apex (NATO reporting name for the Kaliningrad K-23)
 AA-8 Aphid (NATO reporting name for the Kaliningrad K-60)
 AA-9 Amos (NATO reporting name for the Vympel R-33)
 AA-10 Alamo (NATO reporting name for the Vympel R-27)
 AA-11 Archer (NATO reporting name for the Vympel R-73)
 AA-12 Adder (NATO reporting name for the Vympel R-77)
 AA-13 Arrow (NATO reporting name for the Vympel R-37)
 AAM-3 (Japanese Type 90 air-to-air missile)
 AAM-4 (Japanese Type 99 air-to-air missile)
 AAM-5 (Japanese Type 04 air-to-air missile)
 Abdali-I (Pakistani surface-to-surface Short-range ballistic missile)
 ABM-1 Galosh (NATO reporting name for the Russian/USSR, Vympel A-350
surface-to-air Anti-Ballistic Missile)
 ABM-3 Gazelle (NATO reporting name for the Russian/USSR A-135 surface-to-
air Anti-Ballistic Missile)
 ADM-20 Quail
 ADM-141 TALD
INDIAN MISSILES
Search Results
Complete Listof all Indian Missiles with Range
Missile Type, Details From-To
Nag
Fire and forget, anti tank,
guided
Surface to surface, Air to
surface
Brahmos Cruise missile Land, Naval, Air
Nirbhay Stealth, subsonic, Cruise Land, Naval, Air

27. Agni I MRBM, Single Stage Surface to Surface
18 more rows, 4 more columns
List of Indian Missiles with Range, Prithvi, Agni, Brahmos, Nirbhay ...
www.quickgs.com/list-of-indian-missiles-with-range/
Category:Missiletypes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Missiles.
 Types of Missiles.
 For specific missile designs or systems, see: Category: Missiles and its subcategories.
Subcategories
This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total.
A
 ► Air-launched missiles (4 C)
 ► Anti-ballistic missiles (36 P)
 ► Anti-satellite missiles (1 C, 11 P)
 ► Anti-submarine missiles (2 C, 14 P)
 ► Anti-tank missiles (16 C, 23 P)
B
 ► Ballistic missiles (11 C, 14 P, 1 F)
D
 ► Missile defense (4 C, 86 P)
G
 ► Guided missiles (14 C, 21 P)
I
 ► Intercontinental ballistic missiles (6 C, 20 P)
N
 ► Nuclear missiles (12 C, 1 P)
S
 ► Surface-to-air missiles (5 C, 9 P)

28. Pages in category "Missile types"
The following 30 pages are in this category, out of 30 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn
more).
 Missile
A
 Air-launched ballistic missile
 Air-to-air missile
 Air-to-surface missile
 Anti-ballistic missile
 Anti-satellite weapon
 Anti-ship ballistic missile
 Anti-ship missile
 Anti-submarine missile
 List of anti-tank missiles
 Anti-tank missile
B
 Ballistic missile
 Beyond-visual-range missile
C
 Cruise missile
F
 Flying bomb
G
 Guided missile
 List of gun-launched missiles
I
 Intermediate-range ballistic missile
M
 List of military rockets
R
 Rocket (weapon)
 Rocket artillery
S

29.  Short-range ballistic missile
 Shoulder-fired missile
 Submarine-launched ballistic missile
 Submarine-launched cruise missile
 Submarine-launched missile
 Surface-to-air missile
 List of surface-to-air missiles
 Surface-to-surface missile
W
 Wire-guided missile
Categories:
 Missiles
 Rockets and missiles
ALAS-C Coastal Defense Anti-Ship Missile System
ALAS-C (Advanced Light Attack System-Coastal) is Fire & Forget and Fire, Observe and Update multipurposeweapon system, intended for coastal defense and
OTHT (Over The Horizon Targeting) in all operationsin complex naval scenarios.
ALAS-C is highly effective in missionstodestroy/incapacitate inflatable boats and small vessels within maximum range of 25 km.

30. ALAS-C missileis a cable guided missile that in real time links electro optical sensor (TV CCDor IIR
homing head) mounted on the nose section of the missile to the operator on the ground via an optical fiberin the real time. This fiber optics technology allows the
operator to engage the target fromnon-line-of site positions, and to continuously watch it through the electrooptical sensors of the approaching missile.
The terminal attack phase is based on an autonomousterminal guidance using advanced TV/IIR homing headwithimproved target selection capabilitiesin
complex scenarios.
The excellent capabilitiesof ALAS-Cmissile (shortreaction time, Fire and Forget, INS/GPS navigation, high target selection, andwarheadlethality) allow the
sy stem tooperate effectively in littoral warfare environments, aswell as in blue waters.
ALAS-C missile can be launched fromland vehicles, small ships or helicopters.
Name
ALAS-C
Missile
Characteristics
Weight: 67kg
Length: 2.7 m
Diameter: 0.175 m
Cruise Speed
Subsonic
Effective Range
From 3 to 25 km
Reaction time
Less than 1 minute
Fuzing
Impact fuze
Proximity fuze
Payload
10 kg warhead; blast
fragmentation
Flight profile
Way point programmable
SSKP (Single Shoot Kill
Probability)
>0.9
—————————————————————————————————————————
The ALAS/LORANAfamily of long range missiles belongs to the category of modern prospective systems of long range guided missiles guided without anyvisual
contact between the operator and the target. The system of guidance of all types of missilesbelonging to thisfamily of missiles isbased on the application of
inertial navigation system (INS) in the mid part of the trajectorywhich provides for flight against the trajectory planned during preparation of the mission using
favorable geographical conditions of the terrain shown on digital map on the console of command information system (CIS) in mission operative center.

31. Mul tipurpose advanced missile system, capable of engagingvarious target types, such as:
 Main Battle Tanks
 Infantry Fighting Vehiclesand Armored Personnel Carriers
 Sel f-propelled artillery systems
 Sel f-propelled Multiple Rocket Launchers
 Sel f-propelled Surface-to-Surface missile systems
 Air Defence radars and complex airdefence missile systems
 Integrated Self-propelled Air Defence Systems –missile, artillery and hybrid
 Command posts
 Communication centers
 Bunkers andreinforced buildings
 Light Surface Vessels
 Hov ering helicopters
ALAS missile systemofferspossibility of being launched fromvarious platforms, such as:
 surfacevesselsofvarious displacement (patrol boats, corvettes, frigates),
 l ightvehiclesof great tactical mobility,
 fixed, ground basedlaunching sites,
 assault, ASW/ASuW helicopters.
ALAS missile featuring aerodynamic configuration “canard”, is powered by combination of solidrocket boosterengines and turbojet engine TMM-040. The missile
is l aunchedat elevation notless than 60 degreeswith the aid of solidrocket engines, which propelsthe missile at the altitude of 300 m, afterwhich turbojet engine
is activated. Maximum range of the missileis 25km, with the possibility of extending the maximumrange up to 60 km. Maximum speed of the missile is 180 m/s.
TMM-40 turbojet engine
TMM40 is small expendable turbojet engine rated for 40daN of static thrust. It has been design to meet low-cost engine approach, but to keep thrust-toweight and
thrust-to-cross section ratio at the challengedlevel. Also, design goal was that engine can be easily sized tobiggerengines, up to 500daN. Engine consistsof three
stage axial compressor, annular combustion chamber with six injectors, axial turbine. Intake and exhaust nozzle modules may be modificated for certain missile
design.

32. Instructional Goal
The nuclear ballistic missiles have played a vital role in protecting our country against nuclear warfare. Even though we have no t had to use them, potential enemies know that we have them
and it serves as a deterrent to keep an enemy from attacking the U.S. In this unit of study students will create a 3-D drawing of a missile and build a model to scale of the missile.
Types of Fleet Ballistic Missiles
A missile is a solid-propellant, inertially guided weapon. They have supporting system components such as n avigation, launcher, targeting/guidance from the SSBN.
The purpose of this sequential generation of strategic weapons is to serve as a deterrent to prevent nuclear war. These missi les are a major contribution of the Navy and the submarines carry
24 nuclear tipped ballistic missiles. It assures a potential enemy that a nuclear attack on the US will be followed by a devastating n uclear blow.
Polaris
A1 Polaris:
 1st successful underwater missile launched in 1960 from the USS George
Washington and was retired in 1965
 28' long, 54" diameter
 Weight: 28,000 lbs.
 Range of 1,380 miles
A2 Polaris:
 Launched in 1961 from the USS Ethan Allen and was retired in 1971
 31' long, 54" diameter
 Weight: 32,500 lbs.
 Range of 1,730 miles
A3 Polaris:
 Launched in 1963 from the USS Andrew Jackson and was retired in 1981
 32' long, 54" diameter
 Weight: 35,700 lbs.
 Range of 2,880 miles
Poseidon
C3 Poseidon:
 This was an improvement of the Polaris to maximize the effectiveness of the Navy's FBM weapon system
 It was a 2-stage, solid propellant missile, capable of being launched from a submerged FBM submarine
 Launched in 1970 from USS James Madison and was terminated in 1992
 34' long, 74" diameter
 Weight: 64,600 lbs.
 Range of 2,880 miles
Trident
The Trident program was established to develop an improved long range missile to expand the submarine operating area. This provides the US with a credible deterrent to nuclear war in the
1980s and beyond.
Trident I:
 3-stage solid propellant, inertially guided that uses an extendible aerospike to increase its aerodynamics
 First launched from a submarine in 1979
 34' long, 74" diameter
 Weight: 73,000 lbs.
 Range of 4,600 miles
Trident II:

33.  3-stage solid propellant, inertially guided, submarine launched that will be the US's strategic seaborne deterrent into the next century
 First deployed from a submarine in 1990
 44' long, 83" diameter
 Weight: 130,000 lbs.
 Range: > 4,600 miles

34. 