Balance of trade presentation
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
3 likes•1,879 views
Pakistan has continuously suffered from a trade deficit since 1973. The balance of trade is calculated as the value of imports minus the value of exports. A trade deficit occurs when a country imports more goods than it exports, while a trade surplus happens when exports exceed imports. Factors that affect Pakistan's balance of trade include production costs, currency exchange rates, trade restrictions and barriers, availability of foreign exchange, and consumption and savings levels. Improving the trade balance requires depreciating the currency, taxing capital inflows, consuming less and saving more.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Tax structure of pakistan
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's tax structure, including direct and indirect taxes. It discusses income tax, sales tax, corporate tax rates, and the proposed goods and services tax (RGST) which would replace existing sales tax and excise regimes. The RGST is essentially a value-added tax with a 15% rate that would be applied incrementally at each stage of production and distribution. It is aimed at simplifying the tax system and reducing evasion, but may increase costs to consumers.
International trade of pakistan
Pakistan is involved in international trade through organizations like the WTO and has trade agreements with many countries. It has a trade deficit that fluctuates due to demand for exports and domestic issues. In 2013/14, exports were $10.37 billion while imports were $18.11 billion. Pakistan's top exports are cotton textiles and apparel, while top imports are petroleum, edible oils, chemicals and fertilizer. The EU granted Pakistan GSP Plus status in 2013 to boost exports. Top export partners for Pakistan are the US, China, Afghanistan, Germany and UK.
BALANCE OF TRADE
The document discusses the concept of balance of trade. It defines balance of trade as the difference between a country's imports and exports over a period of time. A positive balance of trade occurs when exports are greater than imports, while a negative balance happens when imports are greater than exports. The document also examines the importance of balance of trade, types of trade, factors that can affect a country's balance of trade, and provides examples of Pakistan's balance of trade over time.
Banking sector of pakistan
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's banking sector. It discusses the structure of the banking sector, including the types of banks that operate in Pakistan. It analyzes the banking sector over the past decade, noting reforms like privatization that increased competition. The document also compares the largest banks in terms of assets, deposits, branches, and provides a categorical listing of operating banks. It describes reforms in segmented markets like SME lending and concludes that while reforms have improved the economy and banking sector, banks still require regulatory approval to expand into new businesses.
Pakistan in world trade
Pakistan has a large trade deficit, with imports exceeding exports. In 2014, Pakistan exported $28.3B and imported $47.4B, resulting in a $19.1B trade deficit. Major Pakistani exports include textiles such as cotton and rice, as well as leather products and sports goods. The top export destinations are the United States, China, Afghanistan, Germany and the UK. Major imports are machinery, petroleum, plastic, tea, and iron and steel. The top import origins are China, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and India. Pakistan aims to reduce its trade deficit by expanding trade with countries like China, Afghanistan and Russia through initiatives like the China-Pakistan Economic Corrid
Balance of payment
The document discusses the balance of payments, which is a systematic record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time, usually one year. It includes transactions by citizens and the government. The balance of payments considers all transactions, while the balance of trade only considers trade transactions. A country aims for its balance of payments to equal zero. The main components are the current account, capital account, reserve accounts, and errors and omissions. The document also discusses causes of imbalances and measures to correct adverse balances, such as increasing exports, reducing imports, and controlling the population.
Balance of trade
This document summarizes Pakistan's balance of trade. It discusses the history and types of trade in Pakistan. It outlines key exports such as rice, cotton, and fruits and key imports such as petroleum and consumer goods. It also analyzes Pakistan's main trading partners and shows that Pakistan has experienced a trade deficit for many years. The balance of trade deficit for 2013-2014 was 1.18 trillion Pakistani rupees.
Balance of trade & balance of payment
Balance of trade and balance of payments are key economic indicators of international trade. Balance of trade refers specifically to physical goods, comparing the value of a country's exports to its imports. It is favorable if exports exceed imports. Balance of payments includes both physical goods and invisible items like services, income, and capital transfers. It always balances to zero and includes the current account for trade in goods/services and the capital account. Unfavorable balances can be caused by economic, political, and social factors but can be improved through export promotion, reducing imports, and exploring new markets.
Recommended
Tax structure of pakistan
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's tax structure, including direct and indirect taxes. It discusses income tax, sales tax, corporate tax rates, and the proposed goods and services tax (RGST) which would replace existing sales tax and excise regimes. The RGST is essentially a value-added tax with a 15% rate that would be applied incrementally at each stage of production and distribution. It is aimed at simplifying the tax system and reducing evasion, but may increase costs to consumers.
International trade of pakistan
Pakistan is involved in international trade through organizations like the WTO and has trade agreements with many countries. It has a trade deficit that fluctuates due to demand for exports and domestic issues. In 2013/14, exports were $10.37 billion while imports were $18.11 billion. Pakistan's top exports are cotton textiles and apparel, while top imports are petroleum, edible oils, chemicals and fertilizer. The EU granted Pakistan GSP Plus status in 2013 to boost exports. Top export partners for Pakistan are the US, China, Afghanistan, Germany and UK.
BALANCE OF TRADE
The document discusses the concept of balance of trade. It defines balance of trade as the difference between a country's imports and exports over a period of time. A positive balance of trade occurs when exports are greater than imports, while a negative balance happens when imports are greater than exports. The document also examines the importance of balance of trade, types of trade, factors that can affect a country's balance of trade, and provides examples of Pakistan's balance of trade over time.
Banking sector of pakistan
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's banking sector. It discusses the structure of the banking sector, including the types of banks that operate in Pakistan. It analyzes the banking sector over the past decade, noting reforms like privatization that increased competition. The document also compares the largest banks in terms of assets, deposits, branches, and provides a categorical listing of operating banks. It describes reforms in segmented markets like SME lending and concludes that while reforms have improved the economy and banking sector, banks still require regulatory approval to expand into new businesses.
Pakistan in world trade
Pakistan has a large trade deficit, with imports exceeding exports. In 2014, Pakistan exported $28.3B and imported $47.4B, resulting in a $19.1B trade deficit. Major Pakistani exports include textiles such as cotton and rice, as well as leather products and sports goods. The top export destinations are the United States, China, Afghanistan, Germany and the UK. Major imports are machinery, petroleum, plastic, tea, and iron and steel. The top import origins are China, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and India. Pakistan aims to reduce its trade deficit by expanding trade with countries like China, Afghanistan and Russia through initiatives like the China-Pakistan Economic Corrid
Balance of payment
The document discusses the balance of payments, which is a systematic record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time, usually one year. It includes transactions by citizens and the government. The balance of payments considers all transactions, while the balance of trade only considers trade transactions. A country aims for its balance of payments to equal zero. The main components are the current account, capital account, reserve accounts, and errors and omissions. The document also discusses causes of imbalances and measures to correct adverse balances, such as increasing exports, reducing imports, and controlling the population.
Balance of trade
This document summarizes Pakistan's balance of trade. It discusses the history and types of trade in Pakistan. It outlines key exports such as rice, cotton, and fruits and key imports such as petroleum and consumer goods. It also analyzes Pakistan's main trading partners and shows that Pakistan has experienced a trade deficit for many years. The balance of trade deficit for 2013-2014 was 1.18 trillion Pakistani rupees.
Balance of trade & balance of payment
Balance of trade and balance of payments are key economic indicators of international trade. Balance of trade refers specifically to physical goods, comparing the value of a country's exports to its imports. It is favorable if exports exceed imports. Balance of payments includes both physical goods and invisible items like services, income, and capital transfers. It always balances to zero and includes the current account for trade in goods/services and the capital account. Unfavorable balances can be caused by economic, political, and social factors but can be improved through export promotion, reducing imports, and exploring new markets.
Import and export of pakistan
IN THIS ASSIGNMENT JUNAID (ME) GOT 50/50
use it
and pray for me....
my AMI & ABOU
and for ALL MUSLIMS
Taxation In Pakistan
This document provides an overview of taxation in Pakistan. It defines taxation as the compulsory levies imposed by governments on individuals and entities as a source of government revenue to fund public expenditures. It notes that failure to pay taxes is punishable by law. The document then discusses how governments use taxes for development and control through various exemptions, credits, and duties. It outlines the main types of direct and indirect taxes in Pakistan including income tax, capital value tax, value added tax, sales tax, and excise. The remainder of the document provides details on key concepts related to taxation in Pakistan such as the definition of a person according to income tax ordinance, heads of income, taxable income calculation, tax years, and additional reading
Balance of Payments
The balance of payments is a record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world in a given period, usually one year. These transactions include exports and imports of goods, services, and financial capital. A country has a surplus if receipts exceed payments and a deficit if payments exceed receipts. Pakistan often runs a deficit due to factors like increasing imports, decreasing exports, high consumption, and foreign debt servicing payments. To correct the deficit, Pakistan can increase exports, decrease imports through restrictions, improve product quality, devalue its currency, and seek loans from the IMF.
MAJOR IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF PAKISTAN
Pakistan's major exports include raw cotton, textiles, rice, leather products, carpets, surgical instruments, and sports goods. Exports were targeted to increase by 12.9% but food exports declined by 3.5% due to lower rice and fruit production from adverse weather. Textile exports grew slightly as exports of items like knitwear and readymade garments increased, while raw cotton and cotton cloth declined. The largest export markets are the US, UK, and Germany, though exports are highly concentrated in few countries and commodities. Issues to address include increasing value-added, quality, and diversifying exports.
Balance of payment theory
This document discusses the balance of payments theory of exchange rates. It argues that the exchange rate is determined by the demand and supply of a country's currency, which is influenced by the balance of payments. A deficit leads to a falling exchange rate as demand exceeds supply, while a surplus increases demand for the home currency and causes an appreciation. The theory uses demand and supply curves to show how the equilibrium exchange rate is reached when quantities demanded and supplied are equal. It has merits in providing an equilibrium analysis, but also criticisms around its assumptions and indeterminacy.
State Bank Of Pakistan (SBP)- Monetary Policy
The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) is the central bank of Pakistan and is charged with the duty to "regulate the issue of bank notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in Pakistan and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage".
Economic issues of pakistan
This document outlines the course objectives and topics for a course on Pakistan's economic issues. The course aims to provide students with an understanding of key sectors of Pakistan's economy including agriculture, industry, financial and social sectors as well as current policies. Topics to be covered include the development of Pakistan's economy over the past 50 years, the agriculture, manufacturing and banking sectors, fiscal and monetary policy, the budget, fiscal deficit, and social issues. Recommended textbooks and resources are also provided.
Pakistan: Balance of payments
Pakistan is facing a balance of payments crisis as its current account deficit has reached over $12 billion. This is due to negative growth in exports and high growth in imports. Pakistan's total debt has also increased 11% in the last fiscal year. Weak trade diplomacy has contributed to declining exports to key trading partners like China, US, Afghanistan, and Iran. To address its balance of payments issues, Pakistan needs to improve its foreign policy to boost exports and pursue free trade agreements, in addition to domestic measures like adjusting its exchange rate, restricting non-essential imports, and increasing remittances.
Balance Of Payment
This document provides information about a seminar presentation on the balance of payments. It defines the balance of payments as a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world. It discusses the key components of the balance of payments including the current account, capital account, and official reserve account. It also covers topics such as balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium, and causes of imbalance.
Pakistan Taxation System - Law Presentation
Pakistan has a complex taxation system with over 70 different taxes administered by 37 government agencies. The major taxes include income tax, sales tax, customs duties, and excise duties. Income tax is levied on individual and corporate income under the Income Tax Ordinance of 2001. Sales tax of 17% is imposed on goods under the Sales Tax Act of 1990. Customs duties are applied on imports according to a cascaded tariff structure. Excise duties are levied on specific industries and services. The taxation system has a heavy reliance on withholding taxes and exemptions.
Central bank and state bank of pakistan, Functions, Prudential regulation
The document discusses the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), which is Pakistan's central bank. It outlines the definitions of a bank and central bank. The SBP's primary functions include issuing currency, controlling credit, regulating and supervising banks, acting as a clearing house and lender of last resort, and serving as a banker and agent to the government. Secondary functions involve public debt management, foreign exchange management, advising the government, and relations with international financial institutions. The SBP aims to facilitate economic growth and development. It establishes prudential regulations to provide safety for deposits and maintain financial stability.
Trade Deficit
Trade Deficit is a situation where the country is buying more from other countries and selling less to other countries. The other name of Trade Deficit is Negative Balance of Trade (BOT).
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/economics/trade-deficit-meaning-causes-effects-advantages-disadvantages-and-more
Import and Export of Pakistan
This document summarizes a presentation on import and export analysis of Pakistan. It discusses that every country tries to produce goods they have a comparative advantage in and trade for other goods. It then outlines Pakistan's major imports like machinery, petroleum, and chemicals, which account for 73% of total imports. The major sources of Pakistan's imports are also discussed, showing declines from the US after 2007-2008 while other countries fluctuate. The conclusion states that Pakistan suffers from a large trade deficit due to low export demand and domestic instability, and imports more than it exports primarily consisting of raw materials over manufactured goods.
Balance of payments
The document provides information about balance of payments (BOP):
1. BOP is a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time, recording inflows and outflows of foreign exchange.
2. The BOP account has two sides - credits for inflows of foreign exchange and debits for outflows. It is prepared using double-entry bookkeeping.
3. The current account records trade in goods and services as well as unilateral transfers, while the capital account records changes in financial assets and liabilities with the rest of the world.
4. The BOP always balances as total receipts must equal total payments. Surpluses
Trade sector of Pakistan
The document discusses international trade in Pakistan. It provides information on Pakistan's imports and exports, including key trading partners and commodities. While Pakistan has trade partnerships, it faces a large trade deficit due to lower demand for its exports and higher imports compared to exports. Political instability also contributes to the deficit. The deficit is expected to increase further as Pakistan's oil imports rise. Pakistan's economy relies on agriculture but is supported by industry as well. However, exports mainly consist of raw materials rather than manufactured goods.
Trade policies of pakistan
This document outlines Pakistan's second strategic trade policy framework for 2012-2015. It discusses challenges facing Pakistan's economy like security issues and energy shortages but notes the economy has still grown. The framework aims to strengthen regional trade, export development, and monitoring. It proposes several initiatives like establishing an Export Import Bank, Services Trade Development Council, and subsidizing food processing plants in less developed areas to diversify and increase exports. The goal is to increase exports from $67 billion in 2009-2012 to $95 billion by 2015.
| Balance of Payment | BOP | Balance of Payment and Pakistan | Differences Be...
Overview of balance of payment, definition and items included in balance of payment, balance of payment and balance of trade key difference, concept of balance of payment, causes of adverse balance of payment in the context of Pakistan
Balance of payments
This document discusses disequilibrium in a country's balance of payments. It defines balance of payments equilibrium as equal demand and supply of foreign currency in a period. Disequilibrium occurs when there is a surplus or deficit, meaning exports are greater or less than imports respectively. The document then discusses various causes of disequilibrium including economic, natural, political, and social factors. It outlines different types of economic disequilibrium and provides examples. Finally, it discusses automatic and deliberate measures countries take to correct disequilibrium, such as monetary, trade, and miscellaneous policy actions aimed at increasing exports and decreasing imports.
Economic issues of Pakistan & solutions
The detail of the latest economic issues of Pakistan and their cure.
It will be helpful for all students. It includes statistical information
TRADE POLICY OF PAKISTAN
The document summarizes Pakistan's trade policy framework for 2012-2015. Key points include:
- The policy was approved by Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf and announced by the Commerce Minister in 2012.
- Its objective was to achieve high economic growth through exports. It included measures like export financing schemes, import duty markups, and establishing an export import bank.
- It aimed to promote regional trade, especially with China, Iran and Afghanistan, and attract new investment in export industries through special economic zones.
Balance of Trade and Balance of Payment
the balance of trade and balance of payment components for imports and exports in an economy of a country.
More Related Content
What's hot
Import and export of pakistan
IN THIS ASSIGNMENT JUNAID (ME) GOT 50/50
use it
and pray for me....
my AMI & ABOU
and for ALL MUSLIMS
Taxation In Pakistan
This document provides an overview of taxation in Pakistan. It defines taxation as the compulsory levies imposed by governments on individuals and entities as a source of government revenue to fund public expenditures. It notes that failure to pay taxes is punishable by law. The document then discusses how governments use taxes for development and control through various exemptions, credits, and duties. It outlines the main types of direct and indirect taxes in Pakistan including income tax, capital value tax, value added tax, sales tax, and excise. The remainder of the document provides details on key concepts related to taxation in Pakistan such as the definition of a person according to income tax ordinance, heads of income, taxable income calculation, tax years, and additional reading
Balance of Payments
The balance of payments is a record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world in a given period, usually one year. These transactions include exports and imports of goods, services, and financial capital. A country has a surplus if receipts exceed payments and a deficit if payments exceed receipts. Pakistan often runs a deficit due to factors like increasing imports, decreasing exports, high consumption, and foreign debt servicing payments. To correct the deficit, Pakistan can increase exports, decrease imports through restrictions, improve product quality, devalue its currency, and seek loans from the IMF.
MAJOR IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF PAKISTAN
Pakistan's major exports include raw cotton, textiles, rice, leather products, carpets, surgical instruments, and sports goods. Exports were targeted to increase by 12.9% but food exports declined by 3.5% due to lower rice and fruit production from adverse weather. Textile exports grew slightly as exports of items like knitwear and readymade garments increased, while raw cotton and cotton cloth declined. The largest export markets are the US, UK, and Germany, though exports are highly concentrated in few countries and commodities. Issues to address include increasing value-added, quality, and diversifying exports.
Balance of payment theory
This document discusses the balance of payments theory of exchange rates. It argues that the exchange rate is determined by the demand and supply of a country's currency, which is influenced by the balance of payments. A deficit leads to a falling exchange rate as demand exceeds supply, while a surplus increases demand for the home currency and causes an appreciation. The theory uses demand and supply curves to show how the equilibrium exchange rate is reached when quantities demanded and supplied are equal. It has merits in providing an equilibrium analysis, but also criticisms around its assumptions and indeterminacy.
State Bank Of Pakistan (SBP)- Monetary Policy
The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) is the central bank of Pakistan and is charged with the duty to "regulate the issue of bank notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in Pakistan and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage".
Economic issues of pakistan
This document outlines the course objectives and topics for a course on Pakistan's economic issues. The course aims to provide students with an understanding of key sectors of Pakistan's economy including agriculture, industry, financial and social sectors as well as current policies. Topics to be covered include the development of Pakistan's economy over the past 50 years, the agriculture, manufacturing and banking sectors, fiscal and monetary policy, the budget, fiscal deficit, and social issues. Recommended textbooks and resources are also provided.
Pakistan: Balance of payments
Pakistan is facing a balance of payments crisis as its current account deficit has reached over $12 billion. This is due to negative growth in exports and high growth in imports. Pakistan's total debt has also increased 11% in the last fiscal year. Weak trade diplomacy has contributed to declining exports to key trading partners like China, US, Afghanistan, and Iran. To address its balance of payments issues, Pakistan needs to improve its foreign policy to boost exports and pursue free trade agreements, in addition to domestic measures like adjusting its exchange rate, restricting non-essential imports, and increasing remittances.
Balance Of Payment
This document provides information about a seminar presentation on the balance of payments. It defines the balance of payments as a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world. It discusses the key components of the balance of payments including the current account, capital account, and official reserve account. It also covers topics such as balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium, and causes of imbalance.
Pakistan Taxation System - Law Presentation
Pakistan has a complex taxation system with over 70 different taxes administered by 37 government agencies. The major taxes include income tax, sales tax, customs duties, and excise duties. Income tax is levied on individual and corporate income under the Income Tax Ordinance of 2001. Sales tax of 17% is imposed on goods under the Sales Tax Act of 1990. Customs duties are applied on imports according to a cascaded tariff structure. Excise duties are levied on specific industries and services. The taxation system has a heavy reliance on withholding taxes and exemptions.
Central bank and state bank of pakistan, Functions, Prudential regulation
The document discusses the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), which is Pakistan's central bank. It outlines the definitions of a bank and central bank. The SBP's primary functions include issuing currency, controlling credit, regulating and supervising banks, acting as a clearing house and lender of last resort, and serving as a banker and agent to the government. Secondary functions involve public debt management, foreign exchange management, advising the government, and relations with international financial institutions. The SBP aims to facilitate economic growth and development. It establishes prudential regulations to provide safety for deposits and maintain financial stability.
Trade Deficit
Trade Deficit is a situation where the country is buying more from other countries and selling less to other countries. The other name of Trade Deficit is Negative Balance of Trade (BOT).
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/economics/trade-deficit-meaning-causes-effects-advantages-disadvantages-and-more
Import and Export of Pakistan
This document summarizes a presentation on import and export analysis of Pakistan. It discusses that every country tries to produce goods they have a comparative advantage in and trade for other goods. It then outlines Pakistan's major imports like machinery, petroleum, and chemicals, which account for 73% of total imports. The major sources of Pakistan's imports are also discussed, showing declines from the US after 2007-2008 while other countries fluctuate. The conclusion states that Pakistan suffers from a large trade deficit due to low export demand and domestic instability, and imports more than it exports primarily consisting of raw materials over manufactured goods.
Balance of payments
The document provides information about balance of payments (BOP):
1. BOP is a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time, recording inflows and outflows of foreign exchange.
2. The BOP account has two sides - credits for inflows of foreign exchange and debits for outflows. It is prepared using double-entry bookkeeping.
3. The current account records trade in goods and services as well as unilateral transfers, while the capital account records changes in financial assets and liabilities with the rest of the world.
4. The BOP always balances as total receipts must equal total payments. Surpluses
Trade sector of Pakistan
The document discusses international trade in Pakistan. It provides information on Pakistan's imports and exports, including key trading partners and commodities. While Pakistan has trade partnerships, it faces a large trade deficit due to lower demand for its exports and higher imports compared to exports. Political instability also contributes to the deficit. The deficit is expected to increase further as Pakistan's oil imports rise. Pakistan's economy relies on agriculture but is supported by industry as well. However, exports mainly consist of raw materials rather than manufactured goods.
Trade policies of pakistan
This document outlines Pakistan's second strategic trade policy framework for 2012-2015. It discusses challenges facing Pakistan's economy like security issues and energy shortages but notes the economy has still grown. The framework aims to strengthen regional trade, export development, and monitoring. It proposes several initiatives like establishing an Export Import Bank, Services Trade Development Council, and subsidizing food processing plants in less developed areas to diversify and increase exports. The goal is to increase exports from $67 billion in 2009-2012 to $95 billion by 2015.
| Balance of Payment | BOP | Balance of Payment and Pakistan | Differences Be...
Overview of balance of payment, definition and items included in balance of payment, balance of payment and balance of trade key difference, concept of balance of payment, causes of adverse balance of payment in the context of Pakistan
Balance of payments
This document discusses disequilibrium in a country's balance of payments. It defines balance of payments equilibrium as equal demand and supply of foreign currency in a period. Disequilibrium occurs when there is a surplus or deficit, meaning exports are greater or less than imports respectively. The document then discusses various causes of disequilibrium including economic, natural, political, and social factors. It outlines different types of economic disequilibrium and provides examples. Finally, it discusses automatic and deliberate measures countries take to correct disequilibrium, such as monetary, trade, and miscellaneous policy actions aimed at increasing exports and decreasing imports.
Economic issues of Pakistan & solutions
The detail of the latest economic issues of Pakistan and their cure.
It will be helpful for all students. It includes statistical information
TRADE POLICY OF PAKISTAN
The document summarizes Pakistan's trade policy framework for 2012-2015. Key points include:
- The policy was approved by Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf and announced by the Commerce Minister in 2012.
- Its objective was to achieve high economic growth through exports. It included measures like export financing schemes, import duty markups, and establishing an export import bank.
- It aimed to promote regional trade, especially with China, Iran and Afghanistan, and attract new investment in export industries through special economic zones.
What's hot (20)
Central bank and state bank of pakistan, Functions, Prudential regulation
Central bank and state bank of pakistan, Functions, Prudential regulation
| Balance of Payment | BOP | Balance of Payment and Pakistan | Differences Be...
| Balance of Payment | BOP | Balance of Payment and Pakistan | Differences Be...
Similar to Balance of trade presentation
Balance of Trade and Balance of Payment
the balance of trade and balance of payment components for imports and exports in an economy of a country.
Empirical statistics related to Trade Flow
This presentation tells us about the how statistics tools are used to calculate how a country is performing internationally.
Kuldeep Bhardwaj- bhardwajkuldeep012@gmail.com
Balance of payment
The document discusses the balance of payments and balance of trade. It defines balance of payments as the record of all monetary transactions between a country and other countries, including capital flows, exports, imports and other payments. It has three components - current account, capital account and financial account. The current account covers short-term transactions while the capital account covers long-term international capital flows. Balance of trade is the difference between a country's exports and imports of goods, and is a component of the current account. It can be in surplus, deficit or balanced. The balance of payments provides a more complete picture of a country's economic status than just the balance of trade.
Balance of trade, meaning, favourable,unfavourable.pptx
The balance of trade (BOT) measures the value of a country's exports minus the value of imports. It represents a portion of the overall balance of payments. A positive BOT indicates a trade surplus, while a negative BOT shows a trade deficit. The BOT is calculated by subtracting the total value of imports from the total value of exports. Factors that influence the BOT include exchange rates, domestic and global demand, production costs, trade policies, economic conditions, technological advancements, and relative inflation rates between countries.
Presentation Of import and export of pakistan
its is the presentation of major export & import of Pakistan. and also defined current account deficit and trade surplus.
balanceofpayment-190415122143.pptx
The document summarizes Pakistan's balance of payments for April 2019. It discusses key components of the balance of payments including the current account, capital and financial account, and reserves account. It notes that Pakistan had a trade deficit of 302.889 billion PKR in April 2019, with exports of 275.384 billion PKR and imports of 578.273 billion PKR. The current account deficit was 4.082 billion USD. It also identifies several causes of Pakistan's adverse balance of payments, including fiscal policies, consumption-oriented society, export of primary commodities, trade barriers in developed countries, inflation, and less modernization of machinery.
Lecture 1 - Intro to international trade
This document provides an overview of international trade theory and concepts. It defines international trade and discusses reasons why countries trade, including differences in technology, resources, demand, economies of scale, and government policies. It introduces theories of absolute and comparative advantage, and concepts like gains from specialization, revealed comparative advantage, terms of trade, and trade openness. It also discusses how monetary and fiscal policies as well as foreign exchange regimes can impact international trade.
Balnace of payment affect macroeconomics
The balance of payments (BOP) of a country records all economic transactions between residents of that country and the rest of the world over a period of time, usually a quarter or year. These transactions include imports and exports of goods, services, financial capital, and transfers. The BOP account is divided horizontally into a current account, capital account, and official reserve assets account. The current account covers trade in goods and services and transfers, the capital account covers financial flows, and the official reserve account covers central bank interventions to address imbalances. Pakistan faces challenges in its BOP from deficits, high interest rates on foreign loans, debt servicing costs, barriers on its exports, inflation, and increasing demand for imports.
Balanceoftradebalanceofpayment 170222152441
Balance of trade and balance of payments are key economic indicators that measure international transactions.
Balance of trade refers specifically to physical goods, comparing the value of a country's exports to imports. It is considered favorable when exports exceed imports. Balance of payments includes both physical goods and invisible items like services, income, and capital transfers. It balances all international transactions between residents and non-residents.
The document discusses the components, types, causes of imbalances, and remedies for both balance of trade and balance of payments. It defines key terms, compares the differences between the two indicators, and concludes that a favorable balance of both trade and payments allows a country to progress economically and compete globally.
M egha panwar iii sem(ssei 98) - copy
(i) The document discusses international trade and the balance of payments of a country. It defines balance of payments as a systematic record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world over a period of time.
(ii) The balance of payments includes visible and invisible transactions, has credit and debit sides, and can show a surplus or deficit. It is affected by factors like a country's development programs, price changes, and demand for its exports.
(iii) Countries address an unfavorable balance of payments through measures like export promotion, import restrictions, controlling inflation, managing foreign exchange, and devaluing their currency.
Balance of Payments Basics - 2015 (India)
Includes all the basics of balance of payments and the position of India in 2015 along with other countries
Balance of Payment
The document summarizes India's balance of payments (BOP) over several years. It finds that:
1. India's trade balance has consistently been in deficit as imports have exceeded exports. Imports of petroleum products in particular have increased steadily.
2. The current account, which includes both visible and invisible items, recorded deficits from 1990-2001 but surpluses in 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. Invisibles like services and remittances have helped cover trade deficits.
3. Capital account has remained positive due to large inflows of foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investment, and deposits from non-resident Indians. Foreign exchange reserves have fluctuated depending on current and capital accounts.
Terms of trade-Nelson
This document defines and compares different types of terms of trade, including commodity terms of trade, gross barter terms of trade, income terms of trade, single factoral terms of trade, and double factoral terms of trade. It provides formulas for calculating each type and examples to demonstrate how they are used. It also discusses the limitations and criticisms of each approach.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS and balance of trade.pptx
Balance of payments is a record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world. It is more comprehensive than balance of trade, which only records exports and imports of goods. Balance of payments includes both tangible and intangible goods and services as well as capital transfers. It provides a complete picture of a country's trade with other nations and its standing in the global market. Key features include being a systematic double-entry record that balances receipts with payments and allows for adjustments when imbalances occur.
Mib bop
The balance of payments records all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world. It includes credits from exports, services, and capital inflows, as well as debits from imports, services received, and capital outflows. A country's balance of payments is influenced by factors like its stage of economic development, national income changes, inflation, borrowing and lending amounts, and exchange rate fluctuations. A developing country often runs a balance of payments deficit as it imports machinery and capital goods to fuel industrialization.
India’s foreign trade
- India's foreign trade can be traced back to the Indus Valley civilization. The 1991 reforms aimed to liberalize trade and attract foreign investment.
- The direction of India's trade refers to its major export and import partners. Exports have diversified to many countries. Major import sources are European countries.
- The composition of trade analyzes product groups. Exports have diversified from primary goods to manufactured goods. Imports now include more capital goods and industrial inputs.
- The balance of trade is favorable if exports exceed imports, and unfavorable if imports exceed exports. The balance of payments includes current accounts like trade plus capital and financial flows. India has recently experienced a lower trade deficit and falling exports and imports
14.balance of payment (1)
The document discusses balance of payments (BOP) accounts, which record all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world, including exports/imports of goods/services and financial transfers. It notes BOP has a current account for trade in goods/services and a capital account for changes in foreign assets/liabilities. Any item generating foreign exchange inflows is credited, while outflows are debited. A BOP deficit occurs when debits exceed credits. Disequilibriums can be cyclical, secular, structural or fundamental. Causes include economic, natural and political factors. Measures to correct disequilibriums include export promotion, import restrictions, currency devaluation or depreciation.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
The presentation walks through the concept of Balance of payments and gives brief knowledge about BOP in India.
Balance of payments
The document discusses the balance of payments of Pakistan. It defines the balance of payments as a record of economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world. It notes that Pakistan has generally run a persistent current account deficit, except for a few years after independence and devaluations. The main causes of Pakistan's imbalance include slow production growth, political uncertainty, restrictive fiscal policies, and import restrictions in developed countries. The document recommends policies like increasing exports, reducing inflation and imports, industry reforms, and flexible exchange rates to improve Pakistan's balance of payments.
Similar to Balance of trade presentation (20)
Balance of trade, meaning, favourable,unfavourable.pptx
Balance of trade, meaning, favourable,unfavourable.pptx
Recently uploaded
1：1制作加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The state of welfare Resolution Foundation Event
How has Britain’s safety net changed since 2010 and what comes next?
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdf
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
快速办理(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
International Sustainability Standards Board
Issb standards
New standard for reporting sustainability on lines of tcfd
^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Duba...
Whatsapp (+971581248768) Buy Abortion Pills In Dubai/ Qatar/Kuwait/Doha/Abu Dhabi/Alain/RAK City/Satwa/Al Ain/Abortion Pills For Sale In Qatar, Doha. Abu az Zuluf. Abu Thaylah. Ad Dawhah al Jadidah. Al Arish, Al Bida ash Sharqiyah, Al Ghanim, Al Ghuwariyah, Qatari, Abu Dhabi, Dubai.. WHATSAPP +971)581248768 Abortion Pills / Cytotec Tablets Available in Dubai, Sharjah, Abudhabi, Ajman, Alain, Fujeira, Ras Al Khaima, Umm Al Quwain., UAE, buy cytotec in Dubai– Where I can buy abortion pills in Dubai,+971582071918where I can buy abortion pills in Abudhabi +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Sharjah,+97158207191 8where I can buy abortion pills in Ajman, +971)581248768 where I can buy abortion pills in Umm al Quwain +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Fujairah +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Ras al Khaimah +971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in Alain+971)581248768 , where I can buy abortion pills in UAE +971)581248768 we are providing cytotec 200mg abortion pill in dubai, uae.Medication abortion offers an alternative to Surgical Abortion for women in the early weeks of pregnancy. Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman Fujairah Ras Al Khaimah%^^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharjah Deira Ajman
快速制作美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书英文原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strategies
Earn a passive income with prosocial investing
Invest in prosocial funds that earn you an income while improving the world
How Does CRISIL Evaluate Lenders in India for Credit Ratings
CRISIL evaluates lenders in India by analyzing financial performance, loan portfolio quality, risk management practices, capital adequacy, market position, and adherence to regulatory requirements. This comprehensive assessment ensures a thorough evaluation of creditworthiness and financial strength. Each criterion is meticulously examined to provide credible and reliable ratings.
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
办理美国UNCC毕业证书制作北卡大学夏洛特分校假文凭定制Q微168899991做UNCC留信网教留服认证海牙认证改UNCC成绩单GPA做UNCC假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请北卡罗莱纳大学夏洛特分校University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio Problem
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
办理美国SDSU毕业证书制作南达科他州立大学假文凭定制Q微168899991做SDSU留信网教留服认证海牙认证改SDSU成绩单GPA做SDSU假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请南达科他州立大学South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
Recently uploaded (20)
Tumelo-deep-dive-into-pass-through-voting-Feb23 (1).pdf
Tumelo-deep-dive-into-pass-through-voting-Feb23 (1).pdf
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Duba...
^%$Zone1:+971)581248768’][* Legit & Safe #Abortion #Pills #For #Sale In #Duba...
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
How Does CRISIL Evaluate Lenders in India for Credit Ratings
How Does CRISIL Evaluate Lenders in India for Credit Ratings
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
Applying the Global Internal Audit Standards_AIS.pdf
Applying the Global Internal Audit Standards_AIS.pdf
Balance of trade presentation
- 2. Balance of Trade Of Pakistan Submitted by: Muhammad Talha Khan.(15-ARID-5113)
- 3. INTRODUCTION Balance : A state of equilibrium or equal distribution of weight, amount etc. Trade: The act or process of buying ,selling or exchange commodities at either wholesale within country or between countries. Also called domestic trade or foreign trade.
- 4. Balance of Trade: The difference between the value of import and value of export over an year. Calculating Balance of trade: BOT= Value of import- Value of export. Trade Deficit V/S Trade Surplus: A country that imports more goods and services than it exports in terms of value has a trade deficit. Conversely, a country that exports more goods and services than it imports has a trade surplus. Balance of trade is the largest component of balance of payments.
- 5. History of Balance of Trade of Pakistan: Foreign trade start from 1950. Pakistan become member of WTO on 01-01-1995. BOT of Pakistan is continuously suffering from trade deficit FY1973 till now.
- 7. Balance of trade in Pakistan
- 9. Comparison with different countries of the World
- 10. FACTORS AFFECTING BALANCE OF TRADE: Factors that can affect the balance of trade include: The cost of production (land, labour, capital, taxes, incentives, etc.) in the exporting. economy vis-à-vis those in the importing economy. The cost and availability of raw materials, intermediate goods and other inputs. Currency exchange rate movements. Multilateral, bilateral and unilateral taxes or restrictions on trade. Non-tariff barriers such as environmental, health or safety standards. The availability of adequate foreign exchange with which to pay for imports . Prices of goods manufactured at home (influenced by the responsiveness of supply.
- 11. Ways to Improve Balance of Trade: Consume less and save more. Depreciate the exchange rate. Tax capital inflows.