its is the presentation of major export & import of Pakistan. and also defined current account deficit and trade surplus.

2. MACRO-ECONOMICS FINAL
PROJECT
PRESENTATION
Name: M.QASIM SHOAIB
Roll Number: 70072630

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Define Export & Import.
 Major Export & Import of Pakistan.
 Last Three Year Export & Import of Pakistan.
 Current Account Deficit.
 Cause of Current Account Deficit.
 Define Trade Surplus.

4. INTRODUCTION
 There is no country in the world today which produces all the
Goods & Services which it needs.
 Every country, therefore, tries to produce those goods &
services in which it has comparative advantage.
 It exchanges part of those Goods & Services with the goods
& Services produced by other countries relatively more
efficiently.
 The relative differences in factor endowments, technology,
taste etc., among the nations of the world have greatly
widened the basis of international trade.

5. DEFINITION OF EXPORTS
 A function of international trade where by goods produced in
one country are shipped to another country for future sale or
trade.
 The sale of such goods adds to the producing nation's gross
output.
 If used for trade, exports are exchanged for other products or
services.
 Exports are one of the oldest forms of economic transfer, and
occur on a large scale between nations that have fewer
restrictions on trade,

6. DEFINITION OF IMPORT
 Good or service brought into one country from another or goods
and services produced by the foreign sector and purchased by
the domestic economy.
 Along with exports, imports form the backbone of international
trade.
 The higher the value of imports entering a country, compared to
the value of exports, the more negative that country's balance
of tradebecomes.

7. MAJOR EXPORT OF PAKISTAN
 Pakistan EXPORTlots of different items to a dozen of
countries. Following is the list of EXPORTitems.
 Cotton
 Sport goods
 ElectricalAppliances
 Cookwares
 Leather bags
 Chemical
 mangoes andvegetables
 Cement
 Rice

8. CONTINUE….
 The value of merchandise exports from Pakistan totaled $ 22 billion in
2020. Overall commodity exports from Pakistan decreased by
6.36% compared to 2019.
 Merchandise exports decreased by $ 1.51 billion (the value of merchandise
exports from Pakistan amounted to $23 billion in 2019).

9. o Pakistan’s Importsarealso highly concentrated in few items namely, machinery, petroleum and
petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, edible oil, iron and steel, fertilizer
andtea.
o Among these categories machinery, petroleum/petroleum products and chemicals accounted
for53.4%oftotalImports.
 Machinery
 Petroleum
 Vehiclesand spareparts
 Tea
 Fertilizers
 IronAndSteel
 Garments
MAJOR IMPORT OF PAKISTAN

11. MAIN IMPORT PARTNERS
o UnitedArab Emirates (19 percent),
o China (15 percent), SaudiArabia (10 percent)
o Kuwait (8percent).
o Malaysia,
o Japan,
o India
o United States

12. CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
 The current account deficit is a measurement of a country’s
trade where the value of the goods and services it imports
exceeds the value of the products it exports.
 The current account includes net income, such as interest and
dividends, and transfers, such as foreign aid, although these
components make up only a small percentage of the total
current account.
 The current account represents a country’s foreign
transactions and, like the capital account, is a component of a
country’s balance of payments (BOP).

13. FACTORS WHICH CAUSE A CURRENT
ACCOUNT DEFICIT

14. TRADE SURPLUS
 A trade surplus is an economic measure of a positive balance of
trade, where a country's exports exceed its imports.
Trade Balance = Total Value of Exports - Total
Value of Imports
 A trade surplus occurs when the result of the above calculation is
positive.
 A trade surplus represents a net inflow of domestic currency from
foreign markets.
 It is the opposite of a trade deficit, which represents a net outflow,
and occurs when the result of the above calculation is negative.
 In the United States, trade balances are reported monthly by