Balance refers to the distribution of visual elements in a composition to create a sense of equilibrium or stability. There are different types of balance including symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance. Artists can achieve balance through techniques like varying the size, color, shape, or repetition of elements. Contrast is the use of opposing visual or conceptual elements to draw attention or emphasize differences. Visual contrast refers to differences in visual properties like value or color, while conceptual contrast plays with unexpected opposing ideas. Together, balance and contrast are important artistic principles for creating cohesion and emphasis in visual compositions.