The document details the history and legacy of the Baekje kingdom, founded by King Onjo in 18 BC, including its expansion, cultural influence, and military challenges against Goguryeo and Silla. Key events include the Battle of Hwangsanbeol and the diplomatic relationships with Japan and China, highlighting significant kings like Muryeong and Uija. The document also notes the artistic contributions of Baekje and its eventual decline leading to restoration efforts, along with information on the contemporary Sriwijaya empire.

1. 백제
By : Riri Kusumarani
Global ITTP
Spring 2013

2. Table of Contents
• General Information
• Founding History – Expansion
• Ungjin & Sabi Period
• Bilateral Relationship
• Battle of Hwangsanbeol
• Resurrection Movement
• Great Commander Gyebaek
• Kings of Baekje Dynasty
• Legacy
• Kingdom of Sriwijaya

3. Information
• First Described as
Kingdom in 345BC • King
– Onjo (18BC – 28 BC
• Capital : )
– Wirye (18 BC – 475 BC) – Geungchogo (346-
– Ungjin (476 – 538BC) 375BC)
– Sabi (538-660BC) – Seong (523-554BC)
• Languages – Mu (600 -641BC)
– Baekje Language • Population :
• Religion Around 3,8Million
– Buddhism (official religion in 384)
– Confucianism
– Korean Shamanism Source :Wikipedia

4. • Founded by King Onjo , Son of Goguryeo Founder.
• Allied with Goguryeo & Silla to take over the Korean
Peninsula

5. Founding History
• Source : Samguk Sagi
– King Jumong Left Yuri in Buyeo to
establish Goguryeo
– Later King Jumong had two more
sons with So Seo-no : Onjo &
Biryu
– Yuri Came back to Goguryeo,
Jumong made him Crown Prince
– Seo-no took her two sons to the
south to found their own
kingdom
– Onjo Settled in Wiryeseong
(Hanam) named his territory 십제
, Biryu settled in Michuhol
(Incheon)

6. Expansion
• Good relationships with
Japanese rulers of the
Kofun Period
– Chinese writing system, • 249 BC : Expansions
Buddhism, Advanced reached Gaya
pottery, ceremonial Confederacy.
burial
• 367 BC : First
Diplomatic missions to
Japan
Source : Nihonshoki

7. Ungjin and Sabi Period
Ungjin Sabi
• 475 – 538 BC : Capital at Ungjin • In 538BC King Seong moved
(Now Gong-ju) capital to Sabi (Buyeo
– Isolated in mountainous terrain
county)
– Secure against Goguryeo , but
disconnected from outsite world • Official name : Nambuyeo
– Closer to Silla
• Because of Capital strategic
– Millitary Alliance between Silla +
Baekje against Goguryeo location : King Seong easily
• Notable historical places of contacted with China which
Ungjin Baekje are Gongsan resulted trade & diplomacy
Fortress and Tomb of King flourished
Muryeong.

8. Relationship With China
• 372BC : King • King Muryeong & Seong
Geunchogo paid sent envoys to Liang
tributes to Jin Dynasty Dynasty & received
• 420BC : Baekje sent titles of Nobility
envoys seeking cultural – Tomb of King Muryeong
goods & Technologies was built with bricks
according to Liang’s
• 472BC : King Gaero tomb style
request military aid to
Attack Goguryeo

9. Relationship with Japan
• Japan became ally with
Baekje to Defeat Silla
dynasty
• King Muryeong(25th
King of Baekje) was
born in Japan
• When Baekje was
defeated, Some noble
families & royals
emmigrated to Japan.

10. Battle of Hwangsanbeol
• In 600s, Baekje battled with Goguryeo and
Silla over territorial claims.
• Lost to Silla, Formed alliance with Goguryeo +
Japan  Attack Silla
– This Made Silla alliance with Tang Dynasty and
send 50k force to attack Baekje
• King Ujja ignored advise to prepare attack
– When already near Tanhyeon & Baekgang  Sent
General Gyebaek to Stop.

11. Battle of Hwangsanbeol
Send GyeBaek When Already Near Tanhyeon & Baekgang
130,000 ( Geum River) + 50,000 (Kim-Yu Shin) Vs 5000
G
T
J S
B
Losing Han River Area Made Alliances
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8YcT3JjoKI
Silla sent Full-Attack Forces when two HWARANG ( 반굴 &관창) died in the battle

12. RESULT?

13. The Last Great Commander : GyeBaek
– It’s suggested that he was born in Buyeo
County
– Stories passed down to today’s generation
about his power
• Ex : When he climbed a mountain (청둥산),
Pine Tree Fell ; When he stepped on a rock, his
foot steps mark were left on that rock.
– He Killed his Own Family!

14. KINGS OF BAEKJE DYNASTY

15. King Onjo
• Founder of Baekje Dynasty
• Named Wiryeseong :십재
• Fight with Biryu for
Territorial disagreement
• Change Kingdom name into
백제

16. • 25th King of Baekje
King Muryeong • Expanded International relation
with China & Japan
• First mission to the newly-
established court of the Liang
Dynasty.
• Japan’s Emperor Akihito,
Claimed to have Blood-
relationship with King Muryeong
• His tomb was built based on
Liang Dynasty design

17. • The last King of Baekje
King Uija (의자) Dynasty
• Her mother was Princess of
Silla named Princess Seon-
Hwa.
• After defeated, He
retreated to Ungjin
• Later surrendered.
– Two sons : Buyeo Hyo and
Buyeo Pung

19. Restoration Movement
• After defeated : King Uija and • They welcomed prince Buyeo
son Buyeo Yung was sent to Yung as King and Juryu as
China Headquarter.
• Some rulling class fled to • Rebellation against Tang army
Japan and won
• Buddhist monk (도침) + • Requested Japanese aid, and
Former Baekje General Buyeo returned with 5000 soldiers.
Boksin try to revive Baekje • In 662 : Japan sent 27000
soldiers under general
Kamitsukeno and
10000soldiers by General
Iohara.
• In 663 Japan sent 20000troops
and 1000ships under General
Abe no Hirafu

20. • In 663 BC : Baekje new
Forces confronted with
Silla (Battle of
Baekgang) + Tang
dynasty
• They once again lost the
battle

21. Legacy
Baekje relics are often symbol those who lived in Chungnam and Jeolla province.
•symbol of the artistry of the Baekje
people and a masterpiece of Korean
art
• Probably made around 6th Century
• 64 centimeters in height, the body
is 19 centimeters in diameter, and it
weighs 11.8 kilograms
• Might have been used for
ancestral ceremonies.
Incense-Burner : Buyeo County
Youtube

22. Tomb of King Muryeong
•It is the resting place for Baekje's 25th King
Mu-Ryeong and his Queen,
•108 kinds of artifacts found inside, totaling
2,906 items altogether. 12 of which is
designated as National Treasure put in
Gongju National Museum
Gong-san Fortress
•1500years old fortress near Geumgang
River
•Previously named Unjin-seong
•was used by King Munjuwang (reigned
475-477 A.D.) as the Baekje capital
•In 538A.D capital moved to Sabi

23. KINGDOM OF SRIWIJAYA(
)

24. General Information
• 671 A.D ~ 1100 A.D
• Sri = Shining / Glorious ;Wijaya = Victory
• According to I-Tsing, from Kedukan Bukit Relics,
Sriwijaya Empire existed since 671 under Dapunta
Hyang.
• Language : Old-Melayu, Sanskrit
• Religion : Buddha Vajrayana, Buddha Mahayana,
Buddha Hinayana, Hindu
• Was famous for its role in Trade in South East Asia
(Especially between India and Tiongkok)
• Trade pact with Arabian empires :
– Sri Indrawarman send his messenger to Bani Umayyah in
718. In return they send back ‘Zanji’

25. Territory

26. Legacy
• Bahasa Melayu was widely
used because of Sriwijaya
expansions
• Gending Sriwijaya Dance, to
portray the hospitality of
people at that time.

27. 감사합니다