This document provides a detailed history of Seoul, South Korea from its origins as the capital of the Baekje kingdom in 18 BC to its current status as a global economic hub. It traces Seoul's development through the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo rule, the Silla and Joseon dynasties, Japanese colonization, the Korean War, and its post-war economic rise. Key events discussed include the invention of the Korean alphabet under King Sejong, the Imjin War Japanese invasions, division after WWII, and Seoul's rebuilding following the devastation of the Korean War.
The document provides a detailed history of Seoul, South Korea from its origins as the capital of the Baekje kingdom in 18 BC to its current status as a global economic center. It traces Seoul's strategic importance over centuries as it passed between ruling kingdoms and dynasties, and highlights periods of growth including under Buddhism and Confucianism. The document also discusses Seoul's rebuilding after the Korean War and its recent economic rise through heavy industry and technology exports.
The document provides a detailed overview of Chinese history from ancient dynasties to modern times. It describes the major dynasties that ruled China in chronological order, key events and people of each dynasty period, as well as the development of Chinese economic systems and belief philosophies over time.
The document provides a summary of East Asian history from early settlements in China to the late imperial period in Korea. It discusses the major dynasties in China like the Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties. It also summarizes the history of Japan from the Yamato clan to the Tokugawa shogunate. Southeast Asia and the influences of India and China are briefly outlined. Korea's history from the Three Kingdoms period to Chosun dynasty under Chinese influence is summarized.
The document provides background information on Takoyaki, including:
- It discusses Takoyaki, a ball-shaped snack made of octopus pieces in a wheat flour-based batter that is deep fried.
- The origins of Takoyaki can be traced back to Osaka in the 18th century, where they became a popular street food.
- Today, Takoyaki stalls and festivals celebrating the snack can be found across Japan, especially in Osaka where the batter is said to be sauce-ier and the balls are larger than in other regions.
The document discusses the 16th century battles of Panipat that were pivotal in the establishment of the Mughal Empire as the dominant power in northern India. It describes a painting depicting Babur defeating Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi Dynasty in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. Students are asked to analyze this painting and compare how Babur and India relate to Osman and the Ottomans.
The document provides an overview of Mongol Eurasia and its aftermath from 1200-1500 CE. It summarizes that the Mongols, under Genghis Khan, conquered vast territories through superior horsemanship and military tactics. This opened the Silk Road and led to increased trade, but also spread of the bubonic plague. The Mongol Empire fragmented in the late 1300s. The Ming Dynasty then overthrew the Yuan and established rule in China, though they continued many Mongol institutions and practices.
The Tang Dynasty expanded China's borders and promoted foreign trade along the Silk Road. The Grand Canal, originally begun in the 6th century AD, remains one of the world's longest artificial waterways. The Song Dynasty that followed emphasized education, the arts, and industry over the military. Medieval China saw many important innovations including paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and steel production. Foot binding became popular among women of the upper classes. The Mongols eventually conquered China in 1279, bringing the Song Dynasty to an end. In Japan, emperors held the highest rank but had no power, while shoguns ruled as military dictators from influential families. Society was strictly stratified with samurai,
The Mughal Empire ruled India for over 200 years from the early 1500s to the early 1700s. It reached its peak under rulers like Akbar and Shah Jahan, but began declining after Aurangzeb due to factors like his religious policies that divided Hindus and Muslims, weak successors, lack of a clear succession law, a poor economy, and the rise of new regional powers and foreign invaders like the British and Persians. The last Mughal emperors were unable to maintain control, leading to the collapse of the dynasty and British control over India.
The document provides a detailed history of Seoul, South Korea from its origins as the capital of the Baekje kingdom in 18 BC to its current status as a global economic center. It traces Seoul's strategic importance over centuries as it passed between ruling kingdoms and dynasties, and highlights periods of growth including under Buddhism and Confucianism. The document also discusses Seoul's rebuilding after the Korean War and its recent economic rise through heavy industry and technology exports.
The document provides a detailed overview of Chinese history from ancient dynasties to modern times. It describes the major dynasties that ruled China in chronological order, key events and people of each dynasty period, as well as the development of Chinese economic systems and belief philosophies over time.
The document provides a summary of East Asian history from early settlements in China to the late imperial period in Korea. It discusses the major dynasties in China like the Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties. It also summarizes the history of Japan from the Yamato clan to the Tokugawa shogunate. Southeast Asia and the influences of India and China are briefly outlined. Korea's history from the Three Kingdoms period to Chosun dynasty under Chinese influence is summarized.
The document provides background information on Takoyaki, including:
- It discusses Takoyaki, a ball-shaped snack made of octopus pieces in a wheat flour-based batter that is deep fried.
- The origins of Takoyaki can be traced back to Osaka in the 18th century, where they became a popular street food.
- Today, Takoyaki stalls and festivals celebrating the snack can be found across Japan, especially in Osaka where the batter is said to be sauce-ier and the balls are larger than in other regions.
The document discusses the 16th century battles of Panipat that were pivotal in the establishment of the Mughal Empire as the dominant power in northern India. It describes a painting depicting Babur defeating Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi Dynasty in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. Students are asked to analyze this painting and compare how Babur and India relate to Osman and the Ottomans.
The document provides an overview of Mongol Eurasia and its aftermath from 1200-1500 CE. It summarizes that the Mongols, under Genghis Khan, conquered vast territories through superior horsemanship and military tactics. This opened the Silk Road and led to increased trade, but also spread of the bubonic plague. The Mongol Empire fragmented in the late 1300s. The Ming Dynasty then overthrew the Yuan and established rule in China, though they continued many Mongol institutions and practices.
The Tang Dynasty expanded China's borders and promoted foreign trade along the Silk Road. The Grand Canal, originally begun in the 6th century AD, remains one of the world's longest artificial waterways. The Song Dynasty that followed emphasized education, the arts, and industry over the military. Medieval China saw many important innovations including paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and steel production. Foot binding became popular among women of the upper classes. The Mongols eventually conquered China in 1279, bringing the Song Dynasty to an end. In Japan, emperors held the highest rank but had no power, while shoguns ruled as military dictators from influential families. Society was strictly stratified with samurai,
The Mughal Empire ruled India for over 200 years from the early 1500s to the early 1700s. It reached its peak under rulers like Akbar and Shah Jahan, but began declining after Aurangzeb due to factors like his religious policies that divided Hindus and Muslims, weak successors, lack of a clear succession law, a poor economy, and the rise of new regional powers and foreign invaders like the British and Persians. The last Mughal emperors were unable to maintain control, leading to the collapse of the dynasty and British control over India.
The document discusses the origins and early history of Korea. It describes evidence of early humans dating back 400,000 years and the development of pottery styles between 6000-2000 BCE. The Bronze and Iron Ages introduced new technologies from China. Significant archaeological sites from 100 BCE include megalithic dolmens that indicate social stratification. The document also summarizes the Tangun founding myth, where the bear-woman gave birth to Tangun, who established the first Korean state of Old Joseon in 2333 BCE.
The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan from the 16th to the 18th centuries. It consolidated Islam in South Asia and spread Muslim arts and culture. The empire was founded in 1526 by Babur and reached its peak under Akbar and Aurangzeb, though it declined after Aurangzeb due to its vast size. The Mughals established a centralized government, brought religious tolerance initially, and made important cultural contributions such as the development of Mughlai cuisine, Urdu language, and architectural styles exemplified by the Taj Mahal.
During the Tang and Song dynasties, China experienced a golden age of prosperity, population growth, and technological innovation. The Tang Dynasty expanded the empire and established a civil service system, while the Song Dynasty restored order and saw advances in agriculture, trade, science, and the arts. This period marked China's peak as the most advanced and populated country in the world.
The Mughal Empire began declining after Aurangzeb's rule due to succession disputes, religious policies that alienated non-Muslims, the costly wars in the Deccan, and the rise of regional powers like the Marathas and Sikhs. Within 150 years of its peak under Shah Jahan, the Mughal Empire lost control as the British and other forces took advantage of the weakened central authority.
This document provides an overview of the Koryo period in Korean history from the 10th to 14th centuries. It discusses the foreign invasions from neighboring states like the Khitans and Jurchens. It also examines the impact of the Mongol invasions in the 13th century, which led to Koryo becoming a tributary state of the Mongol Empire. The document outlines the political instability in Koryo during this period and the rise of military rule. It provides context on Koryo culture and the legacy of Koryo, which set the stage for the founding of the Joseon dynasty by General Yi Song-gye in 1392.
The document provides an introduction to the Mughal Empire that ruled the Indian subcontinent for over 300 years. It discusses the key Mughal emperors like Babur, Akbar, and Aurangzeb and traces the decline of the empire after Aurangzeb's death in 1707. A number of factors contributed to the decline, including difficulties administering the vast empire, high costs of wars and putting down rebellions, succession disputes among heirs, a pleasure-seeking nobility, weak central control, and the rise of the British East India Company. By the 1800s the Mughal Empire was in serious decline and the British had gained control over most of India.
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and cultures of Southeast Asia. It describes how Southeast Asia is made up of a peninsula and islands separated by seas and rivers. It then discusses several early trading kingdoms that ruled parts of Southeast Asia, including the Srivijaya and Khmer Empires. It also outlines Chinese and Indian cultural influences on religion, language, and political structures across Southeast Asia over time.
The document provides a timeline of Chinese dynasties and history from 581 AD to 1911 AD. It discusses the Sui Dynasty which reformed China and completed the Grand Canal. The Tang Dynasty expanded the empire and was a time of cultural excellence. The Song Dynasty saw growth and the invention of printing. The Yuan Dynasty was established by Kublai Khan and was the first non-Chinese ruling dynasty. The Ming Dynasty drove out the Mongols and established Beijing as the capital. The Qing Dynasty conquered the Ming and ruled until the 1911 revolution established the Republic of China.
Japan is an archipelago of four main islands located in East Asia. It has a mountainous terrain prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. Chinese influence beginning in the 6th century introduced Confucianism, Buddhism, writing systems, art, science, fashion, and the model of a centralized government. Feudalism emerged in the 12th century under the rule of shoguns and local daimyo lords, with samurai warriors serving as the police force. Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281 were repelled by typhoons, cementing Japan's isolation.
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinentAqib Syed
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent
This Documentary was a project of History of Sub Continent. Dr Zabir Saeed Badar are supporting the "batch of 2019 BBA (Hons) Semester 7".
All the footage is recorded in Lahore Museum, Mall Road Lahore.
BBA Semester 7 (Batch 2015-2019)
GroupMembers:
Syed Aqib Ali
Mudassar Ahmad
Rizwan Naseer
Muhammad Huzaifa
Nimra Shafiq
Special Thanks to Prof. Zabir Saeed Badar.
You can watch a detailed video here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WF-tvxlflk&t=26s
The document provides background information on the history and geography of Xi'an, China. Xi'an has been an important city throughout Chinese history, serving as the capital under several dynasties. It has a long history dating back over 500,000 years and was an early center of Zhou dynasty culture. The document outlines the various name changes of the city and describes its location and topography.
The Mughal Empire was established in India in 1526 and lasted until the mid-1700s. It was founded by Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan, who conquered parts of India. The empire reached its peak under Akbar, who practiced religious tolerance, established an efficient bureaucracy, and eliminated discriminatory taxes on non-Muslims. However, later emperors like Aurangzeb reversed these policies and oppressed non-Muslims, leading to rebellion and a weakening of the empire. As the Mughals declined in the 1700s, European powers like the British and French took control over the subcontinent.
The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 by Babur, who conquered Delhi. It reached its height under Akbar, who expanded the empire, instituted reforms like the mansab system, and promoted religious tolerance. Akbar encouraged debate between religious scholars and incorporated aspects of multiple faiths into a new syncretic religion. However, his grandson Aurangzeb reversed religious policies and persecuted non-Muslims, sowing conflict. The empire declined due to unrest, challenges from regional powers, and invasions like Nadir Shah's sacking of Delhi in 1739, leaving India politically fragmented.
The document provides an overview of the Tang and Song dynasties in China as well as the Mongol conquests across Asia under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. It summarizes the main rulers of the Tang dynasty and China's extent of rule at that time. It also describes the Song family's flight south which established the Song dynasty and capital in Hangzhou. The document outlines the divisions and extent of the Mongol empire across Eurasia during the 13th-14th centuries under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan.
The document discusses the causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire in India, which ruled from 1526 to 1857. It identifies several key factors: 1) The death of the strong ruler Aurangzeb Alamgir in 1707 and the rise of weak successive rulers. 2) Aurangzeb's religious policies weakened unity. 3) The absence of clear rules of royal succession led to damaging succession conflicts. 4) Moral degeneration affected the nobility and administration. 5) The British victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the demoralization of the Mughal army. 6) Additional contributing factors were Akbar's policies, lack of education and naval forces, the huge size
1) The document discusses the establishment and rule of the Delhi Sultanate by various Turkic and Afghan slave dynasties between the 12th-14th centuries AD. It describes how Muhammad Ghori's generals like Qutb al-Din Aibak founded the Slave Dynasty and established Delhi as the capital.
2) It then outlines the rule of the later Slave Dynasty rulers like Iltutmish and Balban who consolidated and expanded the sultanate. The turbulent succession after Iltutmish is also summarized.
3) The rise of the Khalji dynasty under Jalaluddin and the major reforms and conquests of Alauddin Khalji, considered the most powerful
The document provides an overview of the history of the Mughal dynasties that ruled northern India between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes the founding of the Mughal Empire by Babur in 1526 and highlights some of the major emperors like Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb. It notes the Mughals' patronage of art, architecture, and their introduction of Persian cultural influences. It also discusses the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century due to invasions and growing British political power in India.
O level history decline of the mughal empirezarnaabhumayun
1) War of succession and Aurangzeb's religious policies led to weakening of the Mughal administration and unity among Hindus.
2) Weak successors after Aurangzeb were unable to effectively hold the administration as the treasury was empty due to frequent wars and lavish spending.
3) Invasions by foreign forces like Nadir Shah and the rise of the British East India Company through political manipulation further contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire.
This document provides a historical biography of Emperor Tang Taizong (Li Shimin) of China from 613-650 CE. It summarizes the emperor's quest for the throne from 613-626, which involved wars against neighboring Koguryo in 613 and struggles against other rivals for power within the Sui dynasty. The first part describes Emperor Yang's launching of a new invasion against Koguryo in 613 from his capital in Luoyang and the initial battle for Liaodong City, a strategic Koguryo outpost, which the Sui forces besieged for 23 days.
Akbar the Great was the third Mughal emperor who ruled India from 1556 to 1605. He came to the throne at age 13 after his father's death. During his 49-year reign, he consolidated Mughal rule over most of India and introduced policies of religious tolerance and administrative innovations. He was a great patron of architecture, art, and literature and built many monuments, including the Red Fort in Agra.
The document discusses how hashtags can be used across social media platforms to categorize messages and expand social reach. It notes that while hashtags originated on Twitter, they are now widely used on other platforms like Facebook, Google+, Pinterest, and Instagram. The document provides tips for effective hashtag use, such as using popular hashtags, creating event hashtags, and using location-based hashtags. It also lists common hashtags used in tweets and provides contact information for questions about leveraging hashtags for business.
The document discusses the origins and early history of Korea. It describes evidence of early humans dating back 400,000 years and the development of pottery styles between 6000-2000 BCE. The Bronze and Iron Ages introduced new technologies from China. Significant archaeological sites from 100 BCE include megalithic dolmens that indicate social stratification. The document also summarizes the Tangun founding myth, where the bear-woman gave birth to Tangun, who established the first Korean state of Old Joseon in 2333 BCE.
The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan from the 16th to the 18th centuries. It consolidated Islam in South Asia and spread Muslim arts and culture. The empire was founded in 1526 by Babur and reached its peak under Akbar and Aurangzeb, though it declined after Aurangzeb due to its vast size. The Mughals established a centralized government, brought religious tolerance initially, and made important cultural contributions such as the development of Mughlai cuisine, Urdu language, and architectural styles exemplified by the Taj Mahal.
During the Tang and Song dynasties, China experienced a golden age of prosperity, population growth, and technological innovation. The Tang Dynasty expanded the empire and established a civil service system, while the Song Dynasty restored order and saw advances in agriculture, trade, science, and the arts. This period marked China's peak as the most advanced and populated country in the world.
The Mughal Empire began declining after Aurangzeb's rule due to succession disputes, religious policies that alienated non-Muslims, the costly wars in the Deccan, and the rise of regional powers like the Marathas and Sikhs. Within 150 years of its peak under Shah Jahan, the Mughal Empire lost control as the British and other forces took advantage of the weakened central authority.
This document provides an overview of the Koryo period in Korean history from the 10th to 14th centuries. It discusses the foreign invasions from neighboring states like the Khitans and Jurchens. It also examines the impact of the Mongol invasions in the 13th century, which led to Koryo becoming a tributary state of the Mongol Empire. The document outlines the political instability in Koryo during this period and the rise of military rule. It provides context on Koryo culture and the legacy of Koryo, which set the stage for the founding of the Joseon dynasty by General Yi Song-gye in 1392.
The document provides an introduction to the Mughal Empire that ruled the Indian subcontinent for over 300 years. It discusses the key Mughal emperors like Babur, Akbar, and Aurangzeb and traces the decline of the empire after Aurangzeb's death in 1707. A number of factors contributed to the decline, including difficulties administering the vast empire, high costs of wars and putting down rebellions, succession disputes among heirs, a pleasure-seeking nobility, weak central control, and the rise of the British East India Company. By the 1800s the Mughal Empire was in serious decline and the British had gained control over most of India.
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and cultures of Southeast Asia. It describes how Southeast Asia is made up of a peninsula and islands separated by seas and rivers. It then discusses several early trading kingdoms that ruled parts of Southeast Asia, including the Srivijaya and Khmer Empires. It also outlines Chinese and Indian cultural influences on religion, language, and political structures across Southeast Asia over time.
The document provides a timeline of Chinese dynasties and history from 581 AD to 1911 AD. It discusses the Sui Dynasty which reformed China and completed the Grand Canal. The Tang Dynasty expanded the empire and was a time of cultural excellence. The Song Dynasty saw growth and the invention of printing. The Yuan Dynasty was established by Kublai Khan and was the first non-Chinese ruling dynasty. The Ming Dynasty drove out the Mongols and established Beijing as the capital. The Qing Dynasty conquered the Ming and ruled until the 1911 revolution established the Republic of China.
Japan is an archipelago of four main islands located in East Asia. It has a mountainous terrain prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. Chinese influence beginning in the 6th century introduced Confucianism, Buddhism, writing systems, art, science, fashion, and the model of a centralized government. Feudalism emerged in the 12th century under the rule of shoguns and local daimyo lords, with samurai warriors serving as the police force. Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281 were repelled by typhoons, cementing Japan's isolation.
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinentAqib Syed
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent
This Documentary was a project of History of Sub Continent. Dr Zabir Saeed Badar are supporting the "batch of 2019 BBA (Hons) Semester 7".
All the footage is recorded in Lahore Museum, Mall Road Lahore.
BBA Semester 7 (Batch 2015-2019)
GroupMembers:
Syed Aqib Ali
Mudassar Ahmad
Rizwan Naseer
Muhammad Huzaifa
Nimra Shafiq
Special Thanks to Prof. Zabir Saeed Badar.
You can watch a detailed video here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WF-tvxlflk&t=26s
The document provides background information on the history and geography of Xi'an, China. Xi'an has been an important city throughout Chinese history, serving as the capital under several dynasties. It has a long history dating back over 500,000 years and was an early center of Zhou dynasty culture. The document outlines the various name changes of the city and describes its location and topography.
The Mughal Empire was established in India in 1526 and lasted until the mid-1700s. It was founded by Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan, who conquered parts of India. The empire reached its peak under Akbar, who practiced religious tolerance, established an efficient bureaucracy, and eliminated discriminatory taxes on non-Muslims. However, later emperors like Aurangzeb reversed these policies and oppressed non-Muslims, leading to rebellion and a weakening of the empire. As the Mughals declined in the 1700s, European powers like the British and French took control over the subcontinent.
The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 by Babur, who conquered Delhi. It reached its height under Akbar, who expanded the empire, instituted reforms like the mansab system, and promoted religious tolerance. Akbar encouraged debate between religious scholars and incorporated aspects of multiple faiths into a new syncretic religion. However, his grandson Aurangzeb reversed religious policies and persecuted non-Muslims, sowing conflict. The empire declined due to unrest, challenges from regional powers, and invasions like Nadir Shah's sacking of Delhi in 1739, leaving India politically fragmented.
The document provides an overview of the Tang and Song dynasties in China as well as the Mongol conquests across Asia under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. It summarizes the main rulers of the Tang dynasty and China's extent of rule at that time. It also describes the Song family's flight south which established the Song dynasty and capital in Hangzhou. The document outlines the divisions and extent of the Mongol empire across Eurasia during the 13th-14th centuries under Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan.
The document discusses the causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire in India, which ruled from 1526 to 1857. It identifies several key factors: 1) The death of the strong ruler Aurangzeb Alamgir in 1707 and the rise of weak successive rulers. 2) Aurangzeb's religious policies weakened unity. 3) The absence of clear rules of royal succession led to damaging succession conflicts. 4) Moral degeneration affected the nobility and administration. 5) The British victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the demoralization of the Mughal army. 6) Additional contributing factors were Akbar's policies, lack of education and naval forces, the huge size
1) The document discusses the establishment and rule of the Delhi Sultanate by various Turkic and Afghan slave dynasties between the 12th-14th centuries AD. It describes how Muhammad Ghori's generals like Qutb al-Din Aibak founded the Slave Dynasty and established Delhi as the capital.
2) It then outlines the rule of the later Slave Dynasty rulers like Iltutmish and Balban who consolidated and expanded the sultanate. The turbulent succession after Iltutmish is also summarized.
3) The rise of the Khalji dynasty under Jalaluddin and the major reforms and conquests of Alauddin Khalji, considered the most powerful
The document provides an overview of the history of the Mughal dynasties that ruled northern India between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes the founding of the Mughal Empire by Babur in 1526 and highlights some of the major emperors like Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb. It notes the Mughals' patronage of art, architecture, and their introduction of Persian cultural influences. It also discusses the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century due to invasions and growing British political power in India.
O level history decline of the mughal empirezarnaabhumayun
1) War of succession and Aurangzeb's religious policies led to weakening of the Mughal administration and unity among Hindus.
2) Weak successors after Aurangzeb were unable to effectively hold the administration as the treasury was empty due to frequent wars and lavish spending.
3) Invasions by foreign forces like Nadir Shah and the rise of the British East India Company through political manipulation further contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire.
This document provides a historical biography of Emperor Tang Taizong (Li Shimin) of China from 613-650 CE. It summarizes the emperor's quest for the throne from 613-626, which involved wars against neighboring Koguryo in 613 and struggles against other rivals for power within the Sui dynasty. The first part describes Emperor Yang's launching of a new invasion against Koguryo in 613 from his capital in Luoyang and the initial battle for Liaodong City, a strategic Koguryo outpost, which the Sui forces besieged for 23 days.
Akbar the Great was the third Mughal emperor who ruled India from 1556 to 1605. He came to the throne at age 13 after his father's death. During his 49-year reign, he consolidated Mughal rule over most of India and introduced policies of religious tolerance and administrative innovations. He was a great patron of architecture, art, and literature and built many monuments, including the Red Fort in Agra.
The document discusses how hashtags can be used across social media platforms to categorize messages and expand social reach. It notes that while hashtags originated on Twitter, they are now widely used on other platforms like Facebook, Google+, Pinterest, and Instagram. The document provides tips for effective hashtag use, such as using popular hashtags, creating event hashtags, and using location-based hashtags. It also lists common hashtags used in tweets and provides contact information for questions about leveraging hashtags for business.
Enacting a Learning Mission - June 2009Jill Patrick
Enacting a Learning Mission at the Ontario College of Art & Design. Presentation to OCAD Board of Governors. Jill Patrick, Director of Library Services, June 1, 2009. Impetus, Consultants, Collaborators, Process, Report, Preliminary Space Program, Innovation in Art & Design Education, Needs Assessment, Library Vision, Library Mission, Libraries & Learning Symposium, Learning Zone, Next Steps.
Theatre History from the Middle Ages to the English RenaissanceAixa Rodriguez
The document provides an overview of theatre history from the Middle Ages through the English Renaissance. It describes how during the Middle Ages, theatre was used by the church to communicate religious messages to the public through mystery and morality plays. It then discusses the developments during the Italian Renaissance, including the introduction of scenery, proscenium stages, and stock characters and improvisation in Commedia dell'arte plays.
The document summarizes studies of urban stream revitalization projects in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Seoul, South Korea. For Kuala Lumpur's Klang River, issues included pollution and declining use. The River of Life program aims to clean the river and develop its banks to increase economic activity. In Seoul, the Cheonggyecheon Stream was buried due to development but was restored in 2005. This reduced flooding, traffic, and pollution while boosting property values and tourism. Both projects show how revitalizing urban streams can improve the environment, economy and livability of cities.
The High Line — Exploring New York’s raised linear parkInleaf
Exploring the living plants and features of New York's High Line. Explore the raised linear park in pictures.
Resources and links of interest
The High Line website
http://www.thehighline.org/
Support The High Line
https://www.thehighline.org/shop
The High Line blog
https://www.thehighline.org/blog
Inleaf — Office plant displays
https://inleaf.co.uk/
High resolution versions of the images in this presentation available for download, free for all uses with credit & link
https://inleaf.co.uk/exploring-new-yorks-high-line/
The Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center is a landmark building located in Baku, Azerbaijan. Designed by Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid, the building is shaped like an irregular cone that twists as it rises up. The cultural center hosts various exhibitions and performances that celebrate Azerbaijani culture and history.
Stage management involves organizing all aspects of a theatrical production including coordinating communication between personnel. A stage manager has overall responsibility for ensuring a smooth execution. Larger productions employ a team of managers including a head stage manager and assistants. The deputy stage manager calls cues and ensures the show continues smoothly during technical problems.
Urban design can significantly influence the economic, environmental, social, and cultural aspects of a locality. It determines the order and form of cities with an emphasis on aesthetics. Urban design influences health and how people interact with each other and use public spaces through the arrangement of buildings, public spaces, streets, transportation systems, and landscaping. Well-designed elements come together to create a sense of place and define the quality and character of cities.
Buenas prácticas para la Construcción en Acero - Edificación ResidencialEducagratis
Curso gratis de Estructuras Metálicas: http://construccion.educagratis.org
El diseño en edificación residencial está influenciado por numerosos factores, incluyendo los nuevos requerimientos de sostenibilidad, así como las prestaciones térmicas y acústicas. La necesidad medioambiental de preservar el terreno, mientras se mejoran las características sociales del entorno construido, presenta también un efecto directo sobre la selección del sistema constructivo.
En el curso de Educagratis "Curso de Estructuras Metálicas" es posible encontrar más información sobre el tema y clases online:
http://construccion.educagratis.org
Agri-Market Hall in Melaka - UTM M.Arch Final Thesis DesignZhao Wei Kim
A design proposal that aims to revitalize a secondary town in Melaka (Masjid Tanah) into a gastronomy-themed town. In terms of architectural contribution, it redefines how a community center could be, a hybrid of an industrial vertical farm with the existing local market and other supplementary communal facilities. Playing with the organic and welcoming spaces of communal function with the rigid and systematic spaces of industrial vertical farming function, it has a unique and one of a kind image to portray for the local and to the nation. A strong statement for the town to pursue sustainability in terms of environment and more importantly social economy.
Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIOvktDLWws
This document outlines guidelines for disaster-resilient construction in flood-prone areas of Lower Sindh, Pakistan. It discusses findings from research on structures damaged in floods, including weaknesses in wall and roof construction. It recommends using improved traditional techniques like strengthened adobe walls and conical roofs made of bamboo. The guidelines propose designs for shelters that prioritize human safety during floods, use sustainable local materials, and comply with disaster risk reduction criteria. Specific recommendations include reinforced adobe walls, bamboo-framed roofs, ring beams, and plinths to protect structures from flood waters.
Thesis 2014 lumbasumba ethnic art centre @ dhankuta suman limbuSuman limbu
This document provides background and context for a proposed ethnic art centre in Dhankuta, Nepal. It discusses the rich cultural diversity found in Nepal's many ethnic groups and the need to preserve both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. The project aims to establish a complex consisting of a museum to display ethnic artifacts, facilities for cultural performances, and a training center to teach traditional music and dance. This will help pass ethnic arts to new generations and prevent their loss. The document reviews literature on ethnic groups in Nepal and the region, presents relevant standards and case studies, and outlines the objectives, benefits, and scope of the proposed ethnic art centre in Dhankuta.
Theatre refers to live performances seen by an audience, while drama refers to the written text or actions of a play. Theatre can mean both a building where performances take place as well as the overall theatrical arts including architecture, design, and production. Different theatre architectures include proscenium, thrust, arena, and black box theaters. Theatre is a collaborative art form that requires performers, an audience, and a performance space. It involves impersonation by actors to bring a scripted drama to life for an audience through rehearsed live performances.
The history of theatre spans over 2500 years, originating in ancient Greece in the 6th century BC with competitions for tragedies. Some of the earliest and most influential playwrights include Euripides, Aristophanes, and William Shakespeare. Theatre evolved through various cultures, with traditions developing in Rome, China, Japan, and across Europe. Significant milestones include the first stone theatre built in Athens around 300 BC, the emergence of mystery play cycles in Europe in the 1300s, the first public theatre opening in England in 1567, and the construction of The Globe theatre in London where many of Shakespeare's plays premiered in 1598. Theatre continued advancing with innovations like gas lighting in 1817, electric lights in 1881, and
The document provides an overview of different roles in theater management, including general managers, managing directors, and producing directors. It then discusses Broadway, explaining that there are 40 theaters located between 40th and 54th Streets in Manhattan. The document uses the musical In the Heights as a case study to illustrate how a Broadway show is produced, funded, and marketed. It also outlines the economics and future of Broadway, regional theater, and performing arts presenting.
The Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre in Baku, Azerbaijan was designed by Zaha Hadid Architects. It features a continuously curved roof that forms the ceilings, walls, and stairs of the building. The complex houses a concert hall, museum, and library under one seamless roof made of 970,000 square feet of curved steel segments. The building had to withstand Baku's harsh environment of high winds, earthquakes, and pollution. Its unique design and advanced structural system allow it to blend with the landscape while remaining durable in the extreme conditions.
Theatre is a collaborative art form that uses live performers to present an experience to an audience. It can refer to the performance itself, the building, or plays. Key collaborators include producers, directors, actors, designers, builders, crews, and playwrights. Theatre originated in ancient Greece where festivals honored Dionysus and plays were performed in outdoor theatres. Major forms included tragedy, comedy, and satyr plays. Theatre continued to develop under the Romans, influenced by Greek culture. Roman theatres staged a variety of performances and plays by authors like Plautus and Seneca.
The origins of Greek theater can be traced back to ancient hymns called dithyrambs that were sung in honor of Dionysus. These evolved into choral performances where participants wore costumes and masks. Greek tragedies and comedies were performed in outdoor theaters with a circular orchestra space for dancing and a seating area carved into hillsides. Major playwrights included Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Sophocles' plays like Oedipus and Antigone explored the relationship between gods and human fate through complex characters and moral dilemmas.
The document provides an overview of the geography, climate, history, and people of South Korea. It discusses South Korea's location and borders, coastal lines, climate with four distinct seasons, natural resources including coal and potential for hydropower, and irrigated land areas. It then reviews the early history of Korean kingdoms including Gojoseon, Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, Goryeo, and Joseon dynasties. Finally, it mentions regional differences within South Korea and the country's ethnic homogeneity.
This document provides an overview of Korean history from prehistoric times through the Goryeo dynasty. It describes how the early Koreans migrated to the Korean peninsula around 4000 BCE and engaged in agriculture. It then outlines the three kingdoms period where Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla emerged as independent states influenced by but not controlled by China. Silla eventually unified the peninsula and experienced a golden age under Queen Sondok's rule before declining. The Goryeo dynasty then ruled for nearly five centuries, achieving advances in Buddhism, arts, and inventing movable metal printing type centuries before Gutenberg.
Korea is a peninsula located in East Asia that is divided into two sovereign states - North Korea and South Korea. The name "Korea" comes from the name of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo which ruled the peninsula in the Middle Ages. In South Korea, the whole peninsula is referred to as Hanguk, while in North Korea it is referred to as Chosŏn. Korea has a long history and was once divided into three kingdoms during the 1st century AD. In the late 14th century, the Joseon Dynasty united much of Korea and established Seoul as the capital. Korea was then occupied by Japan in the early 20th century and divided after World War 2, leading to
Korea is a peninsula located in East Asia that is divided into two sovereign states - North Korea and South Korea. The name "Korea" comes from the name of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo which ruled the peninsula in the Middle Ages. In South Korea, the whole peninsula is referred to as Hanguk, while in North Korea it is referred to as Chosŏn. Korea has a long history and was once divided into three kingdoms during the 1st century AD. In the late 14th century, the Joseon Dynasty united much of Korea and established Seoul as the capital. Korea was then occupied by Japan in the early 20th century and divided after World War 2, leading to
Between the 1st and 13th centuries, several kingdoms rose to power across Southeast Asia and Korea. In Southeast Asia, the Khmer Empire dominated much of the mainland from the 9th to 13th centuries and built massive temple complexes like Angkor Wat. Meanwhile, the Srivijaya Empire ruled the Strait of Malacca and surrounding areas from the 7th to 13th centuries. In Korea, the Silla Kingdom united the peninsula in the 7th century before the Goryeo Dynasty took over in the 10th century and lasted until the 13th century Mongol invasions weakened its control. Both regions experienced strong cultural influences from India and China while developing their own unique identities.
Korea has been divided into North and South Korea since 1945. In ancient times, the Three Kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla dominated the Korean peninsula and parts of Manchuria from the 1st to 7th centuries AD. Baekje was founded in 18 BC by King Onjo and played a key role in transmitting Chinese culture and Buddhism to Japan. It was conquered by the Silla-Tang alliance in 660 AD.
The document provides an overview of Korean culture, history, society and traditions. It discusses Korea's brief history, including the Three Kingdoms period and subsequent dynasties. It also covers Korea's geo-political context during the Korean War. Additional topics include the economy, education system, demographics, religion, social customs, traditional and modern art forms, and cuisine.
Ancient Korea was divided into tribes by 4000 BC that eventually organized into kingdoms like Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. Silla allied with China to defeat the other kingdoms in 660-668 AD, forming the first unified Korean state. Korea was then ruled by dynasties like Goryeo and Joseon until Japanese colonization from 1910-1945. After World War 2, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel into Soviet-backed North Korea and US-backed South Korea. North Korea developed a repressive communist regime under Kim Il Sung while South Korea transformed from a poor nation into a prosperous democracy through economic development led by authoritarian rulers until democratic elections began in the late 1980s
This presentation is an introduction to those yearning to learn Korean literature and culture. Also presented here are the literary backgrounds on how Korean undergo the learning English language.
The Three Kingdoms of Korea - Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla - dominated the Korean peninsula from the 1st to 7th centuries AD. Goguryeo was the largest and most advanced early kingdom located in northern Korea. Baekje occupied the southwest and had strong ties to Japan. Silla was based in the southeast and eventually allied with China to defeat the other two kingdoms by 668 AD, unifying the peninsula under Silla rule. These three kingdoms developed sophisticated cultures and advanced technologies while defending their territories from Chinese incursions.
The first Korean state was founded by either the legendary ruler Tan'gun or Chinese Shang Dynasty descendants. Early Korea was ruled by tribes until the Han Empire conquered most of the Korean peninsula in 108 BC. The three rival tribes of Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo eventually unified under Silla. In 935, Wang Kon gained control and established the Goryeo dynasty, named for Goguryeo. The Goryeo adopted Chinese Confucian and bureaucratic systems and produced beautiful celadon pottery during over 60 years of Buddhist art creation, until the Mongol invasions required heavy tribute payments.
The Yi Dynasty established Korea's last dynasty, considered its Golden Age. King Sejong advanced technology but Korea faced invasions from Japan and China. In the 19th century, traders arrived but Korea closed its borders to avoid colonization, becoming known as the "Hermit Kingdom." In 1864, 13-year old King Gojong took the throne but his father ruled as regent. The regent tried to unify warring groups but Japan colonized Korea by 1910 despite Gojong proclaiming an empire in 1897 to assert independence. Korea resisted Western colonization but could not avoid colonization by neighboring Asian power Japan.
1) Korea is located in East Asia between China and Japan, with unique geography that influenced the spread of Buddhism and Confucianism in the region.
2) Three kingdoms emerged during the Han dynasty rule of Korea but the Silla kingdom eventually defeated the others and claimed rule over the entire Korean peninsula in the mid-600s.
3) The Koryu dynasty lasted from 935 to 1392 and was modeled after China's government system, establishing a Confucian exam system and university, but society remained sharply divided between nobles and commoners.
1) Korea is located in East Asia between China and Japan, with unique geography that influenced the spread of Buddhism and Confucianism in the region.
2) Three kingdoms emerged during Han rule over Korea, but in the 600s the Silla kingdom defeated the others and gained control over the Korean peninsula.
3) The Koryu dynasty lasted from 935 to 1392 and was modeled after China, establishing a Confucian exam system and university, but society remained sharply divided between aristocracy and commoners.
North Korea has a population of 24.8 million and is ruled by Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un under a one-party totalitarian system. The country maintains a closed, centralized economy that focuses on self-sufficiency and follows a policy of Juche ideology. North Korea experienced famine in the 1990s due to loss of trading partners and natural disasters, though the economy has since recovered somewhat through international aid and expanded market activities. The official state ideology is Juche, which emphasizes political and economic self-reliance and is embodied in the leadership of the Kim family.
The Song Dynasty ruled China from 960 to 1279 CE and was divided into two periods - the Northern Song and Southern Song. The Northern Song ruled most of northern China from 960-1127 CE with its capital in Kaifeng. It collapsed after losing control of northern China to the Jin Dynasty in 1127 CE. The Southern Song ruled southern China from 1127-1279 CE with its capital in Hangzhou. Despite losing territory, the Southern Song was a period of cultural and economic prosperity, with advances in art, literature, technology, and a commercialized economy.
powerpt global Southeast Asia and Korea Regnierguestdf8335
Southeast Asia is a region located between India and China, consisting of countries like Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia. It has a tropical climate with monsoon rains and many rivers. Indian cultural influences spread through the region beginning in the 1st century AD, bringing Hinduism and Buddhism. Powerful kingdoms rose across Southeast Asia that adopted Indian political systems and languages. Chinese culture also influenced the region through trade and migration. Island kingdoms like Srivijaya grew wealthy controlling important trade routes. On the mainland, the Khmer Empire dominated and built impressive cities and irrigation systems. Korea is a peninsula north of China with a mountainous landscape. Early Korean states were influenced by Chinese culture, and the three kingdom period ended with
The document discusses the cultural and political influences between East Asian countries over several centuries. It describes how Korea acted as a cultural bridge, transmitting influences between China and Japan in various areas like technology, philosophy, art and techniques. Specific examples provided include the introduction of Buddhism to Japan via Korea in 538 AD, and Korean craftsmen influencing a revolution in Japanese pottery making in the 16th century. Many influences originated in China but were adapted in Korea first before reaching Japan.
Admiral Yi Sun-shin was a naval commander who helped revive the Korean naval forces during the Imjin War between Korea and Japan in the late 16th century. He invented the "turtle ship" and used improved weapons and tactics to win all 23 major naval battles he fought. The Imjin War was a conflict between 1592-1598 where Japanese forces invaded Korea in an attempt to conquer China as well. Admiral Yi played a key role in defeating the Japanese navy and turning the tides of the war in Korea and China's favor through victories like the Battle of Myeongnyang. However, Korea still suffered tremendously from the war through loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and economic impacts.
Althea, Diana, Stacey, and Saveliy's Korea Presentationguest381714
1) The document discusses the influences of India and China on Southeast Asian cultures and kingdoms like the Khmer Empire. Indian merchants and missionaries introduced Hindu and Buddhist practices starting around 100 AD.
2) It also describes the Buddhist temple of Borobudur in Java, an architectural achievement reflecting Indian influence. The Srivijaya dynasty came to dominate the region and established its capital in Palembang.
3) Regarding Korea, the document notes that early Korean states were influenced by China but developed their own distinct culture. The Silla kingdom gained control of the Korean peninsula in the 1st century AD and a writing system using Chinese characters developed under their rule.
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Final Project Seoul,Korea Wlodawski
1. I decided to do my final project on the city of Seoul in South Korea, because I had visited it six or seven years ago. I really enjoyed myself there and realistically could not complain about the dense foot and automobile traffic nor the overtly distinct and potent smells undulating from it's many little store fronts or street vendors. After all I was use to that growing up in New York City, and expected that from a “Global City.” In international status, Seoul is deemed so, because it is considered an important point in the global economic grid.
2. It is difficult to talk about Seoul without first understanding the definitive points of the Korean nation throughout the course of history.The beginning of Seoul and it's preliminary stages of prominence goes back to the dynamics of the power struggle between the Three Kingdoms of Korea which dominated the power and poitics of the peninsula during the early common era. These kingdoms competed with one another economically and militarily in much the same way that Athens and Sparta competed with one another. These kingdoms were Goguryeo,Silla, and Baekje.
3. The history of Seoul can be traced back as far as 18 BC. In that year the newly established kingdom of Baekje built its capital in the Seoul area. During the time when the three kingdoms fought for hegemony in Korea, Seoul was often the site where disputes were carried out. It was thought that only the kingdom who controls the area around Seoul is able to control the whole of the peninsula. So from the beginning, Seoul was more of a symbol of militaristic power and political influence than anything else.
4. A Bridge in Seoul being bombed by the communist North during the Korean War. Modern Seoul, with one of it's 23 pristine Bridges, highlighting the economic power of the city. Control passed from Baekje to the Gogureyo in the 5 th century A.D. The people in power at that time knew that only the kingdom which controlled the Han River Valley, where Seoul was situated, would be able to control the whole peninsula. The river was immensely important because it was the center of both transportation and thus trade. The strategic physical location of Seoul in the heart of the Han river and the center location point for kingdoms gave it a sense of vital importance and prestige. When I was in Seoul the Han River is very prominent and the many bridges which are especially beautiful at night connect North and South Seoul.
5. Ancient Goguryeo art piece Stunning craftsmanship of queen's crown from this era. The most infamous Goguryeo general and dictator.Yeon-Gaesomun Goguryeo was a typical class based society, and consisted of a four tiered hierarchy of the King, aristrocrats, commoners, and slaves. The majority of the people cultivated plots of land and payed taxes to the state. Agriculture and especially fishing were mainstays of the ancient economy. Increased agricultural output entailed the development of cities and commercial activities. Although Seoul was not the capital of the Gogureyo empire it grew and flourished as cities and commerce played a more vital role under Gogureyo rule. All great powers in history perished in the long run. And, Goguryeo was no exception. Yeon-gaesomun, who seized power in 642, was a great general. He led Goguryeo to victory in wars against Tang in 645 and 662. But, he also left the legacy of dictatorship. Furthermore, after Yeon-gaesomun died, a power struggle broke out among his three sons over the succession of the throne and this internal dissension threw Goguryeo into doom. The after-effects of Goguryeo's downfall were bad. With the exit of Goguryeo, which used to form an axis of multi-polar civilizations, the Tang-centered asian civilization emerged in East Asia, which in turn came to develop as the East Asian international order.
6. From the time of the three kingdoms in 57 B.C.-668 A.D. A new kingdom emerged. The Silla Kingdom lasted from 668-935. This period is significant because it marks the real influence that Buddhism had on Korea's cultural development, effecting many facets of life such as architecture and social behavior. The Silla were able to gain power as well as unify the peninsula by forging an alliance with the Chinese Tang Dynasty and holding off aristrocratic revolts on its monarchy. This period is very important considering that buddhism still plays a vital role in Seoul and the rest of South Korea , but approximately 40% of South Koreans are “not” religious while the rest of the population is split between buddhism and christianity. . A sculpture of Buddha in the side of a mountain, chiselled during the Silla Period. Bronze sculpture influenced by Buddhism,sculpted during Silla period Part of a Buddhist temple in Seoul. This circular pattern is quite common in Buddhist influenced cities and marks temples and other structures.
7. Since the first time it was a capital in the Baekje kingdom Seoul became a capital once again during the Joseon Dynasty which lasted from 1392-1910. Since 5000 BC, Seoul has been one of the major settlement areas and served as a fortress city during the early Baekje Kingdom from which relics can still be found. Seoul became more urban in Joseon times after being selected as the capital city. From early modern times, the city underwent many drastic changes not only resulting from the natural transformation of the city, but also from distortions exerted by the Japanese colonial rule. The ruler of the Joseon Dynasty moved the capital to Hanyang-gun (today's Seoul) in 1394 and adopted Confucianism as the country's official religion. As a result, Buddhists lost much of their wealth and power. The Joseon Dynasty was the final ruling dynasty of Korea with an actual king and queen and monarchy. It was in 1395, three years after the Joseon Dynasty was founded , that the large royal palace was built in Seoul. The palace was named Gyeongbokgung, the "Palace Greatly Blessed by Heaven." The site of Gyeong-bokgung Palace was at the heart of Seoul. 0 G Y E O N G B O K G U N G P A L A C E in S E O U L
8. The population under the Joseon peaked at 18 million. A centralized administrative system was installed by Confucian scholars called the Yangban. The Yangban and the monarchy ruled the peninsula's government and military. About 40% of the population were slaves. Slavery was hereditary, as well as a form of legal punishment. Most of the Population was farmers and merchants and evidence suggests that sometimes citizens had dual roles under the Joseon dynasty. Under this dynasty their was a very strict multlayered class system with many different forms and customs signifying these Distinctions. The Monarchy and the main Yangban council was based in Seoul. Joseon repelling Japanese naval forces
9. It was during this period that the Korean alphabet, Hangeul , was invented by King Sejong the Great. King Sejong the Great is regarded as the most enlightened king in Korean history. King Sejong was born in 1397, and ascended the throne in 1418 at the age of 21. He was the fourth king of the Joseon dynasty. He died in 1450 at the age of 54. During his 32-year reign, King Sejong energetically promoted learning. He was responsible for the creation of the Korean Hangul alphabet, and this scientific alphabet is his most known achievement. This alphabet enabled literacy to become more available to the general population, who could not be expected to master the classical Chinese language that was the official written language of Korea at the time. The invention of a korean alphabet and language that was distinctly Korean was an immense feat which gave a new meaning to being Korean. This invention did more for Korean pride and identity than anything prior or since. King Sejong was a scholar, philologist, musician, poet, and a skilled swordsman. K I N G S E J O N G
10. The Imjin War (1592-98), was one of the most disastrous periods of Korean history. Shortly after consolidating control of Japan, the great general Toyotomi Hideyoshi decided to invade China in an attempt to become the ruler of all Asia. The easiest route to China cut through the Korean Peninsula. He asked the Korean king for help, or for unobstructed passage. As Korea had strong diplomatic relations with the Ming Dynasty, the king refused. To teach Korea a lesson, Japanese troops attacked Korea in April 1592 with their full military might. Although there had been voices in the Korean government calling for the strengthening of the military, the crown did not take note and Korea was virtually defenseless when Japan let loose its battlehardened troops. During the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty, Gyeongbok Palace was the main palace, having been rebuilt in the early 1600s after its destruction (along with all of the other palaces in Seoul) during the Hideyoshi invasions of the 1590s. Worth noting is that it was Seoul's citizens, angry that the king was fleeing and leaving them to their fate, who burned Seoul's palaces - not the invading Japanese armies. In the 1860s Gyeongbok Palace, having sat in ruins for over 250 years, was rebuilt, and it became the main palace under King Gojong's rule. The two most common types of protest at the time were peasant uprisings and bowing before the palace's gate and submitting petitions to the King. Invasion of Korea 1592 Imjin War
11. Japan conquered the Joseon dynasty, and the age of a monarchy in Korea ended. With the Japanese again victorious, Korea was declared a protectorate and annexed as a Japanese colony, ending the centuries-old Korean dynastic structure. The Japanese controlled Korea until the end of World War II in 1945. The Korean political structure reformed again with the advent of the Republic of Korea. During this time the Japanese subjected the people in Seoul and the rest of the peninsula to criminal acts such as rape and plunder. Seoul under Japanese rule
12. Korean War was the conflict between Communist and non-Communist forces in Korea from June 25, 1950, to July 27, 1953. At the end of World War II, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel into Soviet (North Korean) and U.S. (South Korean) zones of occupation. In 1948 rival governments were established: The Republic of Korea was proclaimed in the South and the People's Democratic Republic of Korea in the North. Relations between them became increasingly strained, and on June 25, 1950, North Korean forces invaded South Korea. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion as an act of aggression, demanded the withdrawal of North Korean troops from the South, and called upon its members to aid South Korea. On June 27, U.S. President Truman authorized the use of American land, sea, and air forces in Korea; a week later, the United Nations placed the forces of 15 other member nations under U.S. command, and Truman appointed Gen. Douglas MacArthur supreme commander. This war was a direct result of the beginning of the cold war with Russia supporting the North and the US the south. After the division of the two Koreas, Seoul took on a greater symbolic meaning as the commercial symbol of a democratic republic of South Korea. Innocent bystander in Seoul during Korean war UN forces recapture Seoul from the North
13. On 4 January 1951, the capital city of Seoul changed hands for the third time within a six month period. UN forces along the western front were forced to withdraw once again; however, the Chinese did not aggressively follow-up and contact with the enemy dropped off. While this sector of the front remained uneasily quiet after the capture of Seoul, the central and eastern fronts experienced a series of grim battles fought in sub-zero degree temperatures. Again, some ground was lost. By mid-January the military situation along the central and eastern fronts improved as enemy pressure gradually subsided. The war left indelible marks on the Korean Peninsula and the world surrounding it. The entire peninsula was reduced to rubble, and casualties on both sides were enormous. Combatant deaths alone included as many as 180,000 South Korean and United Nations troops. Seoul suffered the most casualties per capita in South Korea. After the war it went into a massive rebuilding of infrastructure and economy.
14. The modern era of Seoul started with it's rebuilding after the Korean War. At that time Seoul's economy was equal to most South American and African countries, but lo and behold today South Korea, with Seoul as it's financial hub had a GDP that is more than 14 times that of it's rival North Korea. Seoul is now one of the 10 most economically powerful cities in the international scene. A female trader at the main stock exchange in Seoul
15. Seoul was traditionally a city, but even during the Joseon Dynasty the majority of it's population was agricultural. Like many cities after the industrializion period Seoul became a truly global city whose economy was directly interdependent with other global cities. Today's Seoul is a far cry from the isolationist “Hermit Kingdom” from the past and agriculture has lessened greatly with huge export markets for products such as cars and technology like phones and televisions. The economic success through the late 1980s was achieved by a system of close government/business ties, including directed credit, import restrictions, sponsorship of specific industries, and a strong labor effort. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. Seoul is the job center of South Korea saw in the last 50 years an immense migration from rural areas has taken place. LG is one of the many famous Korean technology manufacturers Hyundai is another famous South Korean company based in Seoul
16. Public transportation in Seoul is stellar and efficient. It puts New York City's subway system to shame. I have personally rode the subways there and once a westernere gets use to the system you find that it is cleaner and more efficient, and far safer. The only issue I had with the system is that it did not run as late as New York's on certain outer lines. Because Seoul's population is currently about 12 million inhabitants and Seoul's terrific public transportation really helps people who are not wealthy enough to have a car or those who are tourists or eco-friendly. S E O U L R A I L M A P
17. Korea does have many visitors but overall it is more homogenous than many nations of similar economic standing. Seoul, although quite huge has a relatively homogenous gene pool. While there was a considerable mixing of races among the various peoples in Manchuria, the inhabitants of the Korean Peninsula maintained their ethnic identity with only minimal mixing with external groups. Although cultural contacts were extensive between Korea and China from the early stages of their history, ethnic assimilation did not occur. Koreans were (and still are) highly conscious of ethnic differences and cultural distinctions, which meant safeguarding their ethnic identity despite relations with China and Japan. Koreans exported their own culture and transmitted Chinese culture to Japan from ancient times, but they did not attempt to engage in any ethnic mixing with the Japanese. Many ethnic groups in Manchuria lost most of their ethnic identity and were even completely assimilated with dominant groups; Koreans, however, have kept their ethnic identity and culture intact. Even to this day this is quite evident. For instance Seoul does not have the same issues of cultural identity that a city like Paris does.
18. The West and particularly America has had a huge influence on South Korea and Seoul since the end of the Korean war. American music, pop culture, fast food,films, and capitalism have permeated South Korea's culture for some time now. USA and South Korea have a very symbiotic relationship where Korea sees the US as a military protector and the US views Korea as a great strategic ally in it's future endeavors. When I was in Seoul I saw how superior the Korean diet was to the American one. Their high intake of vegetables and fish and natural ingredients really were far superior for the human body, so you can imagine how I felt when I saw a KFC and Mcdonalds there. Purely unnecessary, and shame on any foreigner who eats there as opposed to having authentic Korean cuisine. Sometimes the western influence has not been great. Mcdonalds In Seoul
19. Seoul has had a tremendous pollution problem for sometime now and it is one of it's biggest problems.During the first two decades of Korea's economic boom, there was little attention paid to the damaging effects of rapid industrialization on the environment. It was not until the 1980's that Korea began paying close attention to the environment, but the problems have arisen so quickly, that the Korean government has not been able to manage all of them. One of the arising problems in connection with rapid industrialization is acid rain. Studies indicate that a large part of Asia is being threatened by acid rain. Factory smoke and automobile exhaust fumes contribute to thesulfur-oxides contained in the precipitation of rain. Although China is the largest producer of sulfur dioxide emissions in Asia accounting for 20 million tons of SO2 emissions in 1987, South Korea is also a major producer of SO2. This is not Los Angeles it is Seoul and some Nasty smog.
20. I wanted to end this on a personal note. My favorite part of Seoul is the people and the nightlife. Seoul is more alive than NYC and far more exciting and practically no street crime compared to any other city in the world. I felt perfectly safe there at 4 am outside. There is so much to do there and it truly is the city that never sleeps. Seoul is divided into 25 districts, and although certain districts might be intended for shopping and others for industry, in general no one district plays a specific overall role versus another. I really love the energy and boisterousness of Korean nightlife as well as the emphasis of food and drink around a table. I think we really miss this aspect here in the states. Nightlife in Seoul