This document defines key concepts related to the study of ethics. It discusses what man is, including that he was created in God's image and is made up of body, soul, and spirit. Values are described as essential to an individual's existence and reflect their aspirations. Ethics is defined as concerned with moral behavior and right versus wrong. Human acts are defined as knowingly and voluntarily performed actions that can be good or bad. Moral, immoral, and amoral actions are categorized based on their conformity to moral norms. Moral actions conform, immoral actions do not conform, and amoral actions are neutral. The document concludes by outlining some purposes of ethics.

1. Chapter1
BACKGROUNDONTHESTUDYOF

2. Definition of Concepts
▪Man
▪Values
▪Ethics

3. What is Man?
M A N
 A being distinct and separate from the rest of God’s creations.
 Created by the OWN IMAGE (character, John 1:1) of God.
 Made up of body, soul, and spirit
In the beginning was theWord, and theWord
was with God, and theWord was God.

4. ▪ Man is born with the natural inclination to do
what is good and to avoid evil. He has the
capacity to make distinction between right
and wrong (Esteban, 1990). By his intellect,
he is able to know the universal truth; and by
his will, he can make decisions which
intrinsically aim always for the highest good
to please God, his Creator.

5. “Let us make man in our image, according to our
likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the
sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over
all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps
on the earth”
- Genesis 1:26, Holy Bible

6. What is ?
Essential to an individual’s existence for these define what is desirable and meaningful
to him as a rational and social being - man is the replica of God on earth; he is expected
to emulate God’s goodness.
Reflect man’s aspirations for himself, the society he lives in, and the environment he
constantly interacts with (Zulueta, et al. , 2000).
“models or goals of personal behavior in social interaction; considered conducive or
essential to the welfare of a group or groups of people.
Man’s value system is a configuration of culture, the overriding motivations and basic
principles of his behavior; the cultural ethics that unites people together; their concept
of what is important; the desired reactions and responses to conditions and situations
in life.

7. What is ?
▪ Meaning of Ethics:
The word Ethics is derived from the Greek word ‘ethos’ which
means character or conduct.
Ethics is also called as moral philosophy or philosophical
thinking about morality. This morality has been further elaborated as
action and behaviour which is concerned with ‘good’ or ‘evil’, of
particular traditions, groups or individual.
The term ‘moral’ and ‘ethical’ is often used as equivalent to right
or good as opposed to ‘immoral’ and ‘unethical’. It doesn’t mean
morally right or morally good but it definitely pertains to morality.

8. What is ?
▪ Ethics is that science which is concerned with moral behaviour or with right or
wrong and good or evil of human behaviour. It propounds those principles which
make our conduct moral. It becomes clear when we explain the derivation of the
words right and good. The word right is derived from Latin word ‘rectus’, which
literally means ‘straight’ or ‘according to rule’. It means that we are concerned
with those principles which make our conduct right or straight.

10. What is Human Acts?
 These are actions which man performs knowingly, freely and
voluntarily.
 Good or Bad
 Praiseworthy or Blameworthy
A person is like the captain of a ship who assumes full
responsibility and accountability for his decisions.

11. Moral Distinctions
There are three classes of actions based on the conformity or
nonconformity of the norm or standard of morality (Agapay,
1991).
1. Moral Actions
2. Immoral Actions
3. Amoral Actions

12. Moral
Moral derives from the Latin word meaning "custom" that also
gave English mores, which refers to customs, values, and behaviors
that are accepted by a particular group. As an
adjective, moral describes people or things that follow accepted
customs or behavior.
For example, a person's moral obligation is to do what is right,
and a moral lesson is one that teaches what is right. As a
noun, moral refers to a lesson learned from a story or an experience
("the moral of the story is to be satisfied with what you have");
plural morals denotes the proper ideas and beliefs about how to act
or behave, as in "a person with no morals" or "the company's actions
demonstrate a lack of morals."

13. Moral Actions
are those which conform to the norms of morality. These are
positive actions and are permissible and acceptable.

14. Immoral
'Immoral' Meaning
The negative prefix im- connects with moral soon after the
formation of unmoral. Immoral describes a person or behavior that
conscientiously goes against accepted morals—that is, the proper
ideas and beliefs about how to behave in a way that is considered
right and good by the majority of people. Immoral connotes the
intent of evilness or wrongdoing, and it is a true antonym of moral.

15. Immoral Actions
are those which are not in conformity with the norms of
morality. These are negative actions and are neither permissible
nor acceptable.

16. Amoral
Amoral appears in the late 1800s. The prefix a- means "not" or
"without," as in atypical or asymptomatic. The dictionary definition
of amoral is "having or showing no concern about whether behavior
is morally right or wrong"—compendiously, "without morals."
For example, an infant, unlearned in what is right and wrong, is
amoral; someone who lacks the mental ability to understand right
or wrong due to illness might be described as amoral. These are
illustrative examples, however; amoral can be used to describe any
person, or his or her actions, who is aware of what is right and
wrong but does wrong anyway and responds indifferently about it.

17. Amoral Actions
Amoral:Without Morals
Their behavior is not based on what is right or wrong; they
may not even know the difference.
Example of amoral in a sentence include: Babies' biting
behavior is often amoral, as they don't know that biting is wrong.

18. Amoral Actions
are those actions which stand neutral in relation to the norms
of morality. These acts may be good or bad, depending on the
purpose of the doer of the act.
For example:
Dating your loved one as a way of showing your love to him or her
is good, but dating during class hours is bad.

20. CLASSES OF ACTIONS
Moral actions
conform to
the norms of
morality.
Immoral actions
are those which
are not in
conformity with
the norms of
morality.
Amoral actions
are those
actions which
stand neutral in
relation to the
norms of
morality.

21. Purposes of Ethics
1. It serves as an aid in effective decision-making.
2. It aids to improve social life by enabling people to
live together in harmony.
3. It aids in reinforcing desirable ethical moral
systems and modifies those that are
dysfunctional.
4. It guides individuals to develop genuine values in
life.

23. Thank you for Listening!
Instructor: FritzilAnne P. Narciso