Growth and development of Agriculture

2. Desired Learning Outcome:
AttheendofUnitI,eachstudentshould:
 Outline the historical developments of world and Philippine
agriculture;
 Explain the role of agriculture in economic development in capitalist
andnon-capitalistsocieties;
 Explain the implications of past and present agricultural
developments; and
 Define agricultureasanindustry, ascienceandasaprofession.

3. Keywords:
 Pastoralism
 Green Revolution
 Evolution
 Sustainable agriculture
 Feudal agriculture
 Scientific agriculture
 Agriculture
 Economic Development
 History
 Cultivation
 Domestication
 Civilization

4. What is Agriculture?
Theword“agriculture”isderivedfromtwoLatinwords,
“Ager/Agri”means“soil”
“Cultura” means“cultivation”.
 Agriculture is well-defined as the art, science,
and business of crop cultivation and livestock
rearing for economic objectives.

5.  Agriculture is the science, art and business of
growing crops and raising animals for food,
medicine, fiber, timber and various industrial
products.
 In addition, it involves preparation, value
adding and marketing of the resulting products
to generate income.

6. Agriculture has passed through several stages during the process of agricultural
development andhumancivilization. Humanshave playedasignificant roleinagriculture
developmentbyengagingtheminhunting, cattlebreeding,cropcultivation,andtrade.
Hunting
It used to be the main food source. This is an
important occupation and has been around for a
verylongtime.
Evolution of Agriculture
and Role of Humans

7. Pastoral
People received food from domestic animals, such as dogs, buffalo, horses, cows,
etc. While living on the edges of the forests, to feed the animals, humans kept
migratingfromplacetoplaceinsearchof food.

8. CropCulture
Living by the riverbeds, humans obtained enough water for their animals and
domestic plants and began to grow them. This led them to settle in one place
buildingcommunities.

9. Trade
When humans began to produce more than their needs,
they started exchanging the surplus for other useful
products, from there the trading started. With agriculture
development, the infrastructures such as roads, routes,
etc. also started developing. Agriculture became civilized,
startingwithatradingculture.

10. Branches of Agriculture
There are20 majorBranchesofAgriculture

11.  It is a branch of agriculture that deals with the cultivation
of crops, forage, food, fiber, oil-seeds, sugar, etc.
 The primary aim of this branch is to improve food
production and cropping techniques. It is the most
important branch among all branches of agriculture
1. Agronomy

12.  It is a branch of agriculture which deal with the plant’s
cultivation that is directly used by humans for food,
medicine, and aesthetic purposing.
2. Horticulture
3. Plant Breeding and Genetics
 It is a branch of agriculture defined as the art and science
of modifying the genetic structure and plant traits to
obtain the desired characters.

13.  The branch deal with the seed structure and growth
habitats starting from fertilization, egg development, and
growing into a new plant. Seed science is closely related
to biochemistry, botany, genetics, and other biosciences.
4. Seed Science
5. Crop Physiology
 It is the study of the functions and responses of plants
grown in different environments. It is one of the most
basic fields of agriculture.

14.  The branch deal with the causes of disease, instabilities in
plants, and the treatment of plant diseases.
6. Plant Pathology
7. Plant Protection
 It is a branch of ​​agriculture that aims to prevent damage
from disease, insect-pests, and weeds.

15.  Among several branches of agriculture, soil science is of
great significance because of its direct influence on plant
growth and nutrient supply.
8. Soil Science
9. Entomology
 It is a branch of ​​agriculture that studies insects and pests
that are important to agriculture.

16.  Among several branches of agriculture, soil science is of
great significance because of its direct influence on plant
growth and nutrient supply.
10. Agriculture Biotechnology
9. Entomology
 It is a branch of ​​agriculture that studies insects and pests
that are important to agriculture.