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Similar to Bacchus 2015 Presentation - Prescription Drugs on College Campuses: A Slippery Slope
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Bacchus 2015 Presentation - Prescription Drugs on College Campuses: A Slippery Slope
- 1. Prescription Drug Abuse on College Campuses: A Slippery Slope Project Health The University of Alabama Ally Siegler, Trevor Fain, Elisabeth Weber
- 4. 7 millionpeople in 2010 were nonmedical users of Rx drugs NSDUH, 2010
- 5. 90%of students have access to prescription stimulants from their peers or friends SAMHSA, 2009
- 6. 1/3of students will abuse or misuse prescription drugs in their college career Clinton Foundation, 2014
- 7. What is prescription drug abuse/misuse? is “the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited” -National Institute on Drug Abuse
- 10. Misuse vs. Abuse Misuse is taking a medication other than prescribed Abuse is all about intention to get a “high” Ex: Sleeping pill to sleep OR pain pill for euphoria FDA, 2015
- 11. Misuse or Abuse? A friend can’t seem to focus when studying for a test and asks their friend if they can buy some of their prescription Adderall. The friend gives it to them for free and tells them they can use it anytime if it helps them study.
- 12. Misuse or Abuse? It’s been a long week and a few friends decide to go out and drink at a party to let loose. While at the party, they are offered Xanax. They take it to increase the effects of the alcohol.
- 13. College Students: Who, Why, and How?
- 14. Reasons for Rx abuse “It’s safe because it is prescribed” “It’s not as bad as taking other illegal drugs” KSU Alcohol and Other Drug Education Service, 2005
- 15. 1 in 4 college students has taken a drug non- medically The CDC has officially declared prescription drug abuse in the US as an epidemic WHY? CDC, 2013 FDA, 2015
- 16. Access to drugs 90% of students are able to access stimulants from their peers or friends 28% of those with legal prescription report giving their Rx drugs to others, and 52% felt pressured to do so “Doctor shopping” and the Internet Partnership for Drug-Free Kids, 2014
- 17. Scenario Part 1
- 18. What kinds of prescription drugs are abused/misused?
- 19. Stimulants
- 20. Mimic the actions of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine “floods the brain with amp-up, feel-good chemicals, leaving us feeling alert, euphoric, and ready for anything.” Gives users increased energy and mental alertness How do they work? Columbia Science Review, 2013 PBS, 2013
- 21. Why are they dangerous? Dependence Feelings of hostility and paranoia High body temperature and irregular heartbeat Cardiovascular failure and lethal seizures Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, 2015
- 23. Sedatives
- 24. How do they work? Enhance GABA activity Slows brain down Cause impaired coordination, drowsiness, respiratory depression UMD Center for Substance Abuse Research, 2013 CNN, 2010
- 25. Why are they dangerous? Tolerance Brain overcompensates Combination with alcohol = fatal CNN, 2010 PBS, 2013
- 26. Opioids
- 27. How do they work? Attach to “opioid receptors” Block perception of pain Causes drowsiness, confusion, nausea, constipation, and respiratory depression NIDA, 2014
- 28. Why are they dangerous? Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, 2015 Johnson & North, 1992 CPCC, 2015 Addictive Severe respiratory depression can cause death
- 29. Scenario Part 2
- 30. The Slippery Slope of Drug Addiction Among College Students
- 31. Drug Addiction Among College StudentsAbout 90% have access It only takes one time Almost 1 in 4 of the nation’s college students (about 1.8 million) meet the medical criteria for substance abuse or dependence casacolumbia.org SAMHSA, 2009b
- 32. Nonmedical Adderall Use A commonly offered prescription drug among college campuses is Adderall. Nonmedical effect Tolerance Binge drinking, heavy alcohol use Use of cocaine and prescription tranquilizers Use of prescription painkillers McCabe, Teter, Boyd, Knight, Wechsler 2007 Bradford Health Services Addiction Blog 2012 Partnership for Drug Free Kids
- 33. Nonmedical Opioid Use Opioids are another class of drugs that are commonly abused on college campuses Fourfold increase of opioid abuse in people between 18-25 Tolerance Heroin/Cocaine Lifelong drug abuse McCabe, Teter, Boyd, Knight, Wechsler 2007 NCPIE
- 34. The Slippery Slope of Drug Addictio Gateway Drugs Further drug and alcohol misuse and abuse Develop drug abuse problems Lower GPAs, less time studying, less time dedicated to classes McCabe, Teter, Boyd, Knight, Wechsler 2007 McCabe 2008
- 35. Scenario Part 3
- 36. How can we make a difference?
- 37. Project Health and Rx Drugs Alternatives to Prescription Drugs Sleep, stress and time management Dispose of old medications Resources: SAMHSA, Student Health Center Substance Abuse Services, Collegiate Recovery Programs Sharing is Dealing! Dangers of mixing
- 38. What do you do on your campus?
- 39. Contact Info Trevor Fain tbfain@crimson.ua.edu Ally Siegler asiegler@crimson.ua.edu Elisabeth Weber eaweber@crimson.ua.edu Project Health projecthealth.ua.edu
Editor's Notes
- What can be abused?
- An important factor to keep in mind is the difference between misuse and abuse. The FDA defines this difference based on the intention. Misuse is the act of taking a prescription in a way that is not prescribed, whereas abuse is taking an medication with the intention to get high. The example here is taking an extra sleeping pill to help fall asleep or taking a pain pill to feel relaxed and high.
- This is misuse because the person is not using it to get a high but is using someone else’s prescription for its intended purpose.
- This situation is abuse because the person is taking the pills in order to feel it’s high effects.
- College students feel pressured to do well in school and take stimulants to stay awake and focus better when studying and trying to balance multiple classes at one time. Because test scores are main determinants of acceptance into many higher ed institutions, there is a lot of pressure to obtain high scores on tests to keep a competitive GPA. In fact, according to the National Council on Patient Information and Education full-time college students are twice as likely to abuse prescription stimulants than other young adults. Unfortunately, according to study done by the National Institutes of Health, nonmedical prescription stimulant abusers have reported a lower GPAs than non-users. Other college students feel the need to take the pressures of academics and release them on the weekends or weeknights to go party. Many prescription drugs are abused with alcohol, leading to negative effects. For example, Other reasons why college students abuse drugs is to have more energy to workout, diet reasons, to enhance athletic performance, and to reduce stress and social nervousness.
- internet - no doctor or pharmacist at the other end, don’t know what you’re getting or if it’s safe
- Elisabeth
- Ex: Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin -Prescribed to treat ADD, ADHD, Narcolepsy
- Dopamine - reward and pleasure pathway Norepinephrine - regulates sympathetic nervous system Epinephrine - AKA adrenaline, contributes to rush we feel when nervous or excited http://columbiasciencereview.com/2013/03/29/how-does-adderall-work-a-psa/ http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/which-prescription-drugs-do-americans-abuse-most/
- -Withdrawal symptoms include fatigue, depression, and disturbed sleep patterns -Repeated use over a short period of time lead to hostility/paranoia -High doses can cause high body temp and irregular heartbeat -Potential for cardiovascular failure and seizures http://www.hazeldenbettyford.org/articles/drugs-of-abuse-prescription-drugs-painkillers
- Ex: Xanax (alprazolam), Valium (diazepam) -Prescribed to treat anxiety, panic attacks, insomnia -Two classes: benzodiazepines and barbiturates, latter is not often used anymore
- GABA inhibits motor neurons, causing them to fire less often, slows brain (Cesar) -GABA = gammaaminobutyric acid When parts of the brain that induce anxiety are slowed down, people are calmer and less likely to be fearful, agitated or anxious (CNN) http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/benzos.asp http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/expert.q.a/03/23/xanax.long.term.use.raison/index.html?hpt=Mid
- Brain adjusts to benzodiazepine activity, so when stopped suddenly the brain activity overshoots normal(CNN) ^can cause seizures (NCPIE) Alcohol increases absorption rate and intensifies the effects on the CNS (PBS/DAO) http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/expert.q.a/03/23/xanax.long.term.use.raison/index.html?hpt=Mid http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/which-prescription-drugs-do-americans-abuse-most/ http://www.dao.health.wa.gov.au/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?Command=Core_Download&EntryId=439&PortalId=0&TabId=211
- Ex: Vicodin (hydrocodone), OxyContin (oxycodone), morphine -Prescribed to treat severe pain that cannot be relieved by OTC medications such as NSAIDs
- Opioid receptors are proteins found in the brain, spinal cord, GI tract & other bodily organs (drugabuse.gov) Attachment reduces perception of pain http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/prescription-drugs/opioids/how-do-opioids-affect-brain-body
- Properly managed, short-term use rarely causes addiction or serious problems (Hazelden) When abused, opioids can increase dopamine activity, causing euphoria (Hazelden & NIH) Depressed breathing rate results in a lack of oxygen getting to the brain, which cause the heart to stop, leading to death (poisoncontrol) http://www.hazeldenbettyford.org/articles/drugs-of-abuse-prescription-drugs-painkillers http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1346804 http://poisoncontrol.uchc.edu/about_poisons/medications/opioids/faq.html
- Ally
- taken nonmedically for euphoric effect. tolerance builds up very quickly in those who take it nonmedically 90% of college students who misused Adderall in the past year were also binge drinkers, and more than half of those reported being heavy alcohol users. Students who nonmedically misused prescription adderall were more likely to do … than those who don’t.
- Studies conducted on college students tolerance, research done showing students who abused opioids were more likely to graduate to heroin and cocaine abuse studies also found that students who abused opioids were more likely to continue abusing them or other drugs for extremely long periods of time or struggle with drug addictions over their lifetime TOLERANCE
- Trevor
- It’s our job as peer educators to teach students about misuse and abuse in order to prevent it. Students should be told that nonmedical prescription drug use is illegal and just as dangerous as other illicit drugs and that even though taking these drugs may seem harmless, it can lead them down a path of drug addiction and negative life choices.