The document discusses the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) and exclusive breastfeeding. It defines the BFHI as a program introduced by WHO/UNICEF in 1991 to promote breastfeeding in hospitals. A key part of the initiative is the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. The summary then outlines the 10 steps which include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, rooming-in, encouraging on demand feeding and establishing breastfeeding support groups. It emphasizes the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months such as perfect nutrition, immunity and bonding. The risks of formula feeding are also highlighted such as increased illness.
Breastfeeding, also called nursing, is the process of feeding a mother's breast milk to her infant, either directly from the breast or by expressing (pumping out) the milk from the breast and bottle-feeding it to the infant
baby born before 37 weeks of gestation calculating from the first day of last menstural period is defined as preterm baby/ premature baby.
These babies are known as preemies
Preparation for delivery of mother, baby and midwife and equipmentsDR MUKESH SAH
In addition to their delivery bags, midwives “carry” many other invaluable tools ... family planning, delivery preparation, postnatal counseling and breastfeeding. ... With this equipment, we can recover 80% of newborns. ... “Midwifery feels good when both the mother and baby come out of the labor ward alive.
The Apgar score is a test given to newborns soon after birth. This test checks a baby's heart rate, muscle tone, and other signs to see if extra medical care or emergency care is needed. The test is usually given twice: once at 1 minute after birth, and again at 5 minutes after birth
Breastfeeding, also called nursing, is the process of feeding a mother's breast milk to her infant, either directly from the breast or by expressing (pumping out) the milk from the breast and bottle-feeding it to the infant
baby born before 37 weeks of gestation calculating from the first day of last menstural period is defined as preterm baby/ premature baby.
These babies are known as preemies
Preparation for delivery of mother, baby and midwife and equipmentsDR MUKESH SAH
In addition to their delivery bags, midwives “carry” many other invaluable tools ... family planning, delivery preparation, postnatal counseling and breastfeeding. ... With this equipment, we can recover 80% of newborns. ... “Midwifery feels good when both the mother and baby come out of the labor ward alive.
The Apgar score is a test given to newborns soon after birth. This test checks a baby's heart rate, muscle tone, and other signs to see if extra medical care or emergency care is needed. The test is usually given twice: once at 1 minute after birth, and again at 5 minutes after birth
Babies should be breastfed and/or receive expressed human milk exclusively for the first six months of life. Breastfeeding should continue with the addition of complementary foods throughout the second half of the first year.
kindly give your comments and likes if you likes and share it to the other, and follow my link. this include the 10 steps of baby friendly hospital initiatives.
Breast feeding support in the postpartum period & benefits of BF.pptxAhmed Nasef
this lecture is one of my lectures to the students of Lactation Diploma Specialist course at Benha University
this lecture involves brief, simple and easy explanation of the measures and procedures that aid in breast feeding support in the postpartum period also the practices that decrease the chance of breast feeding support postpartum period
it also involves explanation for the wide various and valuable range of benefits of breast feeding for the mother, benefits for the new born and also benefits for the family
BFHI, Exclusive breastfeeing, Breastfeeding technique, pattern of feedingpoonambiswas4
breastfeeding should be given exclusively in our country as our country has so many incidence of malnutrition. BFHI is doing their work to promote successful breastfeeding.
after 6 months complementary feeding should be there
family food should be introduced after 6 months of age
no prelacteal food should be given
National Guidelines for Infant and Child Feeding and Infant Mortality RateDr. Ankit Mohapatra
National Guidelines for Infant and Child Feeding
Infant Mortality Rate
Early nutrition
Exclusive Breast feeding
Counseling during pregnancy
Complementary feeding
First food
Traditional food
Modified family food
Instant infant food
Protective foods
Feeding during illness
Feeding in exceptionally difficult circumstances
Integrated child development scheme
Reproductive and child health programme
Institutional promotion
International organaisations
it contains info about infant and young child feeding guidelines ,breast feeding, complementary feeding, supplementary feeding, feeding in hiv aids, ims act etc
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
3. Definition:
• The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative was introduced in
1991 by the World Health Organization/United Nations
Children's Fund (WHO/UNICEF) to promote, protect and
support breastfeeding in the hospital or birth setting. A key
element in this promotion and support is outlined in
their Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.
• To date, approximately 19,000 hospitals and birth centers in
about 125 countries have received the "Baby Friendly"
designation.
4. CRITERIA
Ten steps to successful breastfeeding recommended by code of
practice of WHO/ UNICEF :-
• Have a written breastfeeding policy that is routinely communicated
to all health care staff.
• Train all health care staff in skills necessary to implement this
policy.
• Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of
breastfeeding.
• Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within one half-hour of birth.
• Show mothers how to breastfeed and maintain lactation,even if
they should be separated from their infants.
5. • Give newborn infants no food or drink other than breast
milk, unless medically indicated.
• Practice rooming in - that is, allow mothers and infants to
remain together 24 hours a day.
• Encourage breastfeeding on demand.
• Give no artificial teats or pacifiers (also called dummies or
soothers) to breastfeeding infants.
• Foster the establishment of breastfeeding support groups
and refer mothers to them on discharge from the hospital or
clinic.
6. Step 1.
Have a written
breastfeeding policy that is routinely
communicated to all health care staff.
7. Breastfeeding policy
Why have a policy?
• Requires a course of action and provides
guidance
• Helps establish consistent care for mothers and
babies
• Provides a standard that can be evaluated
8.
9. Breastfeeding policy
What should it cover?
At a minimum, it should include:
– The 10 steps to successful breastfeeding
– An institutional ban on acceptance of free or low cost supplies of
breast-milk substitutes, bottles, and teats and its distribution to
mothers
– A framework for assisting HIV positive mothers to make informed
infant feeding decisions that meet their individual circumstances
and then support for this decision
10. Breastfeeding policy
How should it be presented?
It should be:
• Written in the most common languages understood by
patients and staff
• Available to all staff caring for mothers and babies
• Posted or displayed in areas where mothers and babies are
cared for
11.
12. Step 2.
Train all health-care staff in skills
necessary to implement this policy.
13.
14.
15. Areas of knowledge
• Advantages of breastfeeding
• Risks of artificial feeding
• Mechanisms of lactation and suckling
• How to help mothers initiate and sustain
breastfeeding
16. • How to resolve breastfeeding difficulties
• How to assess a breastfeed
• Hospital breastfeeding policies and practices
• Focus on changing negative attitudes which set
up barriers
18. Antenatal education should
include:
• Benefits of breastfeeding
• Early initiation
• Importance of rooming-in (if new concept)
• Importance of feeding on demand
• Importance of exclusive breastfeeding
• How to assure enough breastmilk
• Risks of artificial feeding and use of bottles and
pacifiers (soothers, teats, nipples, etc.)
19. • Basic facts on HIV
• Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
(PMTCT)
• Voluntary testing and counselling (VCT) for HIV and infant
feeding counselling for HIV+ women
• Antenatal education should not include group education on
formula preparation
23. New interpretation of Step 4 in the
revised BFHI Global Criteria (2006):
Place babies in skin-to-skin contact with their mothers
immediately following birth for at least an hour
Encourage mothers to recognize when their babies are
ready to breastfeed, offering help if needed.”
24. Early initiation of breastfeeding
for the normal newborn
Why?
• Increases duration of breastfeeding
• Allows skin-to-skin contact for warmth
• Provides colostrum as the baby’s first immunization
• Takes advantage of the first hour of alertness
• Babies learn to suckle more effectively
• Improved developmental outcomes
25. Early initiation of breastfeeding
for the normal newborn
How?
• Keep mother and baby together
• Place baby on mother’s chest
• Let baby start suckling when ready
• Do not hurry or interrupt the process
• Delay non-urgent medical routines for at least one
hour
26.
27.
28. Protein composition of human
colostrum
and mature breast milk (per litre)
Constituent Measure Colostrum
(1-5 days)
Mature Milk
(>30 days)
Total protein G 23 9-10.5
Casein mg 1400 1870
-Lactalbumin mg 2180 1610
Lactoferrin mg 3300 1670
IgA mg 3640 1420
29. Step 5.
Show mothers how to breastfeed and
how to maintain lactation,
even if they should be separated from
their infants
30. Contrary to popular belief, attaching the baby
on the breast is not an ability with which a
mother is [born…]; rather it is a learned skill
which she must acquire by observation and
experience.
31.
32.
33. Supply and demand
Milk removal stimulates milk production.
The amount of breast milk removed at each
feed determines the rate of milk production in
the next few hours.
Milk removal must be continued during
separation to maintain supply.
34.
35. • Step 6. Give newborn infants
no food or drink other than breast
milk unless medically indicated
36.
37.
38. • Decreased frequency or effectiveness of
suckling
• Decreased amount of milk removed from breasts
• Delayed milk production or reduced milk supply
• Some infants have difficulty attaching to breast if
formula given by bottle
39. Acceptable medical reasons for
supplementation or replacement
Infant conditions:
• Infants who cannot be BF but can receive BM include
those who are very weak, have sucking difficulties or oral
abnormalities or are separated from their mothers.
• Infants who may need other nutrition in addition to BM
include very low birth weight or preterm infants, infants at
risk of hypoglycaemia, or those who are dehydrated or
malnourished, when BM alone is not enough.
• Infants with galactosemia should not receive BM or the
usual BMS. They will need a galactose free formula.
• Infants with phenylketonuria may be BF and receive
some phenylalanine free formula.
40. Maternal conditions:
• BF should stop during therapy if a mother is taking anti-metabolites,
radioactive iodine, or some anti-thyroid medications.
• Some medications may cause drowsiness or other side effects in
infants and should be substituted during BF.
• BF remains the feeding choice for the majority of infants even with
tobacco, alcohol and drug use. If the mother is an intravenous drug
user BF is not indicated.
• Avoidance of all BF by HIV+ mothers is recommended when
replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable
and safe. Otherwise EBF is recommended during the first months,
with BF discontinued when conditions are met. Mixed feeding is not
recommended.
41. Maternal conditions
(continued):
:
• If a mother is weak, she may be assisted to position her baby so she
can BF.
• BF is not recommended when a mother has a breast abscess, but
BM should be expressed and BF resumed once the breast is
drained and antibiotics have commenced. BF can continue on the
unaffected breast.
• Mothers with herpes lesions on their breasts should refrain from BF
until active lesions have been resolved.
• BF is not encouraged for mothers with Human T-cell leukaemia
virus, if safe and feasible options are available.
• BF can be continued when mothers have hepatitis B, TB and
mastitis, with appropriate treatments undertaken.
42. Step 7. Practice rooming-in —
allow mothers and infants to
remain together —
24 hours a day.
43. • Rooming-in
• A hospital arrangement where a
mother/baby pair stay in the same room
day and night, allowing unlimited contact
between mother and infant
44.
45.
46. Rooming-in
Why?
• Reduces costs
• Requires minimal equipment
• Requires no additional personnel
• Reduces infection
• Helps establish and maintain
breastfeeding
• Facilitates the bonding process
48. • Breastfeeding on demand:
• Breastfeeding whenever the baby or
mother wants, with no restrictions on the
length or frequency of feeds
49. On demand, unrestricted
breastfeeding
Why?
• Earlier passage of meconium
• Lower maximal weight loss
• Breast-milk flow established sooner
• Larger volume of milk intake on day 3
• Less incidence of jaundice
50.
51.
52. Step 9. Give no artificial teats or
pacifiers (also called dummies
and soothers) to breastfeeding
infants.
58. Step 10.Foster the establishment of
breastfeeding support groups and
refer mothers to them on discharge
from the hospital or clinic.
59. • The key to best breastfeeding practices
is continued day-to-day support for the
breastfeeding mother within her home and
community.
60. Support can include:
• Early postnatal or clinic checkup
• Home visits
• Telephone calls
• Community services
– Outpatient breastfeeding clinics
– Peer counselling programmes
61. • Mother support groups
– Help set up new groups
– Establish working relationships with those
already in existence
• Family support system
65. Definition:
The feeding of an
infant or young child
with breast milk
directly from female
human breasts rather
than from a baby
bottle or other
container.
66. Benefits to the Baby
Perfect nutrition
Higher IQ
Complete food for the first
six months
Emotional bonding
Prevents infections
Prevents chronic diseases
Easily digested
67. Benefits to the Mother
Reduces post delivery
bleeding and anemia
Helps delay next
pregnancy
Protective effect against
breast and ovarian cancer
Helps to loose weight
Emotional bonding
Needs no preparation
68. Breastfeeding in the Correct Position
Milk producing glands
Lactiferous canaliculi
Lactiferous sinuses
Myoepithelial tissue
Adipose tissue
69. Signs of Correct Attachment
Mouth wide open
Lower lip is turned outside
Chin touching the breast
Black part of the breast not
visible below the lower lip
Large black portion of breast
and nipple including milk
collecting ducts are inside
baby’s mouth
Tongue under the teat
70. Incorrect Sucking Position
Mouth is not wide open
Chin is away from the breast
Baby is sucking only nipple
Most black portion of the
breast is outside the baby’s
mouth
Tongue away from the teat
71. Causes of Incorrect Attachment
• Use of feeding bottles. Leads to nipple
confusion
• Inexperienced mother
• Functional difficulty with the mother or the
baby
• Lack of skilled support
72. Breastmilk Production
The Prolactin reflex
Sensory Impulses
from nipple
More prolactin secreted at
night
Secreted after feed to
produce next feed
Suppresses ovulation
Baby sucking
Prolactin in blood
73. The Feeling of “Not Enough Milk”
Not True. Just a perception
Reinforce mothers:
Self confidence is must
Ensure frequent suckling
Ensure effective suckling
74. Conclusion
Exclusive Breastfeeding for First Six
Months
Being Successful-
• Initiate breastfeeding as early as possible within one hour of birth.
• Do not give the baby any prelacteal feeds
• No bottles, artificial teats or pacifier
• Breastfeeding on demand at least 8-10 times in a day and at night a
• Breastfeed in a correct position
• Build mother’s confidence to sustain good milk supply and alleviate
feeling of not enough milk.
75. • Newborn deserves
the best Nutrition,
Improved Survival,
Optimum
Development and
Healthy Life
• Breastfeeding can do
this miracle !!!
76. Indicators of adequacy :-
Adequacy of breast feeding is indicated and established by
the following:-
• Audible feeding sound while swallowing
• Let down sensation in mother’s breast
• Breast is full before the feed and soft after feed
• Wet nappies 6 or more in 24 hrs
• Frequant soft bowel movements 3 to 8 times in 24 hrs
• Average weight gain of 18-30 gm/day
• Baby sleeps well and doesnot cry frequently
• Baby has good muscle tone and healthy skin
77. Immunologic specificity
• Protection against
pathogens & allergens
• Kills pathogenic
organisms or modifies
their growth
• Stimulates epithelial
maturation for future
defence
• First immunization
• Protection against
common respiratory
and intestinal diseases
78. Immunologic specificity
• Colostrum = Baby’s
first vaccination
• Less risk of illness
such as:
Ear infections,
pneumonia, crohn’s
disease and other
bowel illnesses,
stomach flu and other
intestinal illnesses, ear
infections, childhood
cancers, diabetes,
arthritis, allergies,
asthma and eczema
79. Perfect food for babies
• Just the right amount of nutrients in the
right proportions
• Over 200 components in human milk
• Composition of breast milk:
-Live cells, fat, carbohydrates, proteins,
vitamins, minerals
-Less fat than most other mammals
-More lactose than other mammals
81. Benefits of breastfeeding
• For Society
-Smarter
-Healthier
-Less cost to
healthcare
system
-Stronger families
82. Benefits of breastfeeding
• To Families
-Less trips to
doctors, hospitals
-Less prescriptions
-Less stress
-Less illness
-More bonding
-Inexpensive
83. Benefits of breastfeeding
• Benefits to baby:
-Better dental health
-Increased visual
acuity
-Decreased duration
and intensity of
illnesses
-Less allergies
-Better health & less
risk of illnesses
84. Benefits of breastfeeding
• Benefits to mother:
-Psychological (Attachment,
bonding, security, skin to
skin, fulfillment of basic
needs, relationship)
-Easier weight loss
-Decreased risk of illness
(breast cancer,
osteoperosis, hemmorhage,
ovarian cancer)
-Birth control
-Pride, empowerment,
fulfillment
86. Why some mothers choose formula
vs. breast milk
• Distressed by physical
discomfort of early
breastfeeding problems.
• Convenience issues
• Pressures of
employment/school
• Worries that breast shape will
change
• Formula manufacturers
manipulate people through their
ads
• Doctors and nurses need more
lactation training
87. Why some mothers choose formula
vs. breast milk
• Moms given very little time
to adjust to changes of
postpartum
• Family demands
• Non-supportive family/health
professionals
• Embarrassment
• Lack of confidence in self
• Feeling that one cannot
produce enough milk
88. Mother’s milk vs. formula milk
• Human milk is designed
to support the
development of large
brains, capable of
processing and storing
lots of information.
• Cows milk is designed
to support functions,
like constant grazing.
89. Illness Relative risk
• Allergies, eczema 2 to 7
times
• Urinary tract infections 2.6 to
5.5 times
• Inflammatory bowel disease
1.5 to 1.9 times
• Diabetes, type 1 2.4 times
• Gastroenteritis 3 times
• Hodgkin's lymphoma 1.8 to
6.7 times
• Otitis media 2.4 times
• Haemophilus influenzae
meningitis 3.8 times
• Necrotizing enterocolitis 6 to
10 times
90. Illness Relative risk
• Pneumonia/lower
respiratory tract
infection 1.7 to 5 times
• Respiratory syncytial
virus infection 3.9 times
• Sepsis 2.1 times
• Sudden infant death
syndrome 2.0 times
• Industrialized-world
hospitalization 3 times