Conceptual Framework for Financial Reportingreskino1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe the usefulness of a conceptual framework and the objective of financial reporting.
Identify the qualitative characteristics of accounting information and the basic elements of financial statements.
Review the basic assumptions of accounting.
Explain the application of the basic principles of accounting.
Intermediate Accounting Chapter 1 about Financial Reporting
and Accounting Standards
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe the growing importance of global financial markets and its relation to financial reporting.
Explain the objective of financial reporting.
Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process.
Discuss the challenges facing financial reporting.
Conceptual Framework for Financial Reportingreskino1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe the usefulness of a conceptual framework and the objective of financial reporting.
Identify the qualitative characteristics of accounting information and the basic elements of financial statements.
Review the basic assumptions of accounting.
Explain the application of the basic principles of accounting.
Intermediate Accounting Chapter 1 about Financial Reporting
and Accounting Standards
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe the growing importance of global financial markets and its relation to financial reporting.
Explain the objective of financial reporting.
Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process.
Discuss the challenges facing financial reporting.
The Accounting Information System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe the basic accounting information system.
Record and summarize basic transactions.
Identify and prepare adjusting entries.
Prepare financial statements from the adjusted trial balance and prepare closing entries.
Prepare financial statements for a merchandising company.
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Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
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• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
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HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
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At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
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chapter 10 - excise tax of transfer and business taxation
Bab 3 - The Accounting Information System
1. The Accounting Information System Chapter 3 Intermediate Accounting 12th Edition Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield Prepared by Coby Harmon, University of California, Santa Barbara
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9. Debits and Credits Account Name Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr. If Debit entries are greater than Credit entries, the account will have a debit balance. LO 2 Explain double-entry rules. $10,000 Transaction #2 $3,000 $15,000 8,000 Transaction #3 Balance Transaction #1
10. Debits and Credits If Credit entries are greater than Debit entries, the account will have a credit balance. LO 2 Explain double-entry rules. $10,000 Transaction #2 $3,000 $1,000 8,000 Transaction #3 Balance Transaction #1
11. Debits and Credits Summary Normal Balance Credit Normal Balance Debit LO 2 Explain double-entry rules.
12. Debits and Credits Summary Balance Sheet Income Statement = + = - Asset Liability Equity Revenue Expense Debit Credit LO 2 Explain double-entry rules.
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14. Double-Entry System Exercise Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity = + 1. Invested $32,000 cash and equipment valued at $14,000 in the business. + 32,000 + 14,000 + 46,000 LO 2 Explain double-entry rules.
15. Double-Entry System Exercise Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity = + 2. Paid office rent of $600 for the month. - 600 - 600 (expense) LO 2 Explain double-entry rules.
16. Double-Entry System Exercise Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity = + 3. Received $3,200 advance on a management consulting engagement. + 3,200 + 3,200 LO 2 Explain double-entry rules.
17. Double-Entry System Exercise Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity = + 4. Received cash of $2,300 for services completed for Shuler Co. + 2,300 + 2,300 (revenue) LO 2 Explain double-entry rules.
18. Double-Entry System Exercise Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity = + 5. Purchased a computer for $6,100. + 6,100 - 6,100 LO 2 Explain double-entry rules.
19. Double-Entry System Exercise Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity = + 6. Paid off liabilities of $7,000. - 7,000 - 7,000 LO 2 Explain double-entry rules.
20. Double-Entry System Exercise Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity = + 7. Declared a cash dividend of $10,000. + 10,000 - 10,000 Note that the accounting equation equality is maintained after recording each transaction. LO 2 Explain double-entry rules.
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22. Corporation Ownership Structure LO 2 Explain double-entry rules. Stockholders’ Equity Balance Sheet Statement of Retained Earnings Net income or Net loss (Revenues less expenses) Income Statement Dividends Retained Earnings (Net income retained in business) Common Stock (Investment by stockholders) Illustration 3-4
23. The Accounting Cycle LO 3 Identify steps in the accounting cycle. Transactions 1. Journalization 6. Financial Statements 7. Closing entries 8. Post-closing trail balance 9. Reversing entries 3. Trial balance 2. Posting 5. Adjusted trial balance 4. Adjustments Work Sheet Illustration 3-6
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26. 1. Journalizing General Journal – a chronological record of transactions. Journal Entries are recorded in the journal. LO 4 Record transactions in journals, post to ledger accounts, and prepare a trial balance. General Journal
27. 2. Posting Posting – the process of transferring amounts from the journal to the ledger accounts. General Ledger General Journal Jan. 3 Sale of stock GJ1 100,000 100,000 100 GJ1 LO 4 Record transactions in journals, post to ledger accounts, and prepare a trial balance.
28. 3. Trial Balance Trial Balance – a list of each account and its balance; used to prove equality of debit and credit balances. LO 4 Record transactions in journals, post to ledger accounts, and prepare a trial balance.
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30. Classes of Adjusting Entries 1. Prepaid Expenses. Expenses paid in cash and recorded as assets before they are used or consumed. Prepayments 3. Accrued Revenues. Revenues earned but not yet received in cash or recorded. 4. Accrued Expenses. Expenses incurred but not yet paid in cash or recorded. 2. Unearned Revenues. Revenues received in cash and recorded as liabilities before they are earned. Accruals LO 5 Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries. Illustration 3-20
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32. Adjusting Entries – “Prepaid Expenses” Example: On Jan. 1 st , Phoenix Corp. paid $12,000 for 12 months of insurance coverage. Show the journal entry to record the payment on Jan. 1 st . Cash 12,000 Prepaid insurance 12,000 Jan. 1 LO 5 Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries. Debit Credit Prepaid Insurance 12,000 12,000 Debit Credit Cash
33. Adjusting Entries – “Prepaid Expenses” Example: On Jan. 1 st , Phoenix Corp. paid $12,000 for 12 months of insurance coverage. Show the adjusting journal entry required at Jan. 31 st . Prepaid insurance 1,000 Insurance expense 1,000 Jan. 31 LO 5 Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries. Debit Credit Prepaid Insurance 12,000 1,000 Debit Credit Insurance expense 1,000 11,000
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35. Adjusting Entries – “Unearned Revenues” Example: On Nov. 1 st , Phoenix Corp. received $24,000 from Arcadia High School for 3 months rent in advance. Show the journal entry to record the receipt on Nov. 1 st . Unearned rent revenue 24,000 Cash 24,000 Nov. 1 LO 5 Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries. Debit Credit Cash 24,000 24,000 Debit Credit Unearned Rent Revenue
36. Adjusting Entries – “Unearned Revenues” Example: On Nov. 1 st , Phoenix Corp. received $24,000 from Arcadia High School for 3 months rent in advance. Show the adjusting journal entry required on Nov. 30 th . Rent revenue 8,000 Unearned rent revenue 8,000 Nov. 30 LO 5 Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries. Debit Credit Rent Revenue 8,000 24,000 Debit Credit Unearned Rent Revenue 8,000 16,000
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38. Adjusting Entries – “Accrued Revenues” Example: On July 1 st , Phoenix Corp. invested $300,000 in securities that return 5% interest per year. Show the journal entry to record the investment on July 1 st . Cash 300,000 Investments 300,000 July 1 LO 5 Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries. Debit Credit Investments 300,000 300,000 Debit Credit Cash
39. Adjusting Entries – “Accrued Revenues” Example: On July 1 st , Phoenix Corp. invested $300,000 in securities that return 5% interest per year. Show the adjusting journal entry required on July 31 st . Interest revenue 1,250 Interest receivable 1,250 July 31 LO 5 Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries. Debit Credit Interest Receivable 1,250 1,250 Debit Credit Interest Revenue
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41. Adjusting Entries – “Accrued Expenses” Notes payable 200,000 Cash 200,000 Feb. 2 LO 5 Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries. Debit Credit Cash 200,000 200,000 Debit Credit Notes Payable Example: On Feb. 2 nd , Phoenix Corp. borrowed $200,000 at a rate of 9% per year. Interest is due on first of each month. Show the journal entry to record the borrowing on Feb. 2 nd .
42. Adjusting Entries – “Accrued Expenses” Example: On Feb. 2 nd , Phoenix Corp. borrowed $200,000 at a rate of 9% per year. Interest is due on first of each month. Show the adjusting journal entry required on Feb. 28 th . Interest payable 1,500 Interest expense 1,500 Feb. 28 LO 5 Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries. Debit Credit Interest Expense 1,500 1,500 Debit Credit Interest Payable
43. 5. Adjusted Trial Balance Shows the balance of all accounts, after adjusting entries, at the end of the accounting period. LO 5 Explain the reasons for preparing adjusting entries.
44. 6. Preparing Financial Statements LO 6 Prepare financial statement from the adjusted trial balance. Financial Statements are prepared directly from the Adjusted Trial Balance. Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows Statement of Retained Earnings
45. 6. Preparing Financial Statements Balance Sheet LO 6 Prepare financial statement from the adjusted trial balance. Assume the following Adjusted Trial Balance
46. 6. Preparing Financial Statements LO 6 Prepare financial statement from the adjusted trial balance. Income Statement Assume the following Adjusted Trial Balance
47. 6. Preparing Financial Statements LO 6 Prepare financial statement from the adjusted trial balance. Statement of Retained Earnings Assume the following Adjusted Trial Balance
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49. 7. Closing Entries LO 7 Prepare closing entries. Example : Assume the following Adjusted Trial Balance
50. 7. Closing Entries Example: Prepare the Closing journal entry from the adjusted trial balance on the previous slide. LO 7 Prepare closing entries. Sales 185,000 Income summary 202,000 Interest income 17,000 Income summary 115,000 Cost of goods sold 47,000 Salary expense 25,000 Depreciation expense 43,000 Income summary 87,000 Retained earnings 87,000 Retained earnings 10,000 Dividends declared 10,000
52. 9. Reversing Entries LO 7 Prepare closing entries. Reversing entries is an optional step that a company may perform at the beginning of the next accounting period.
1. On the topic, “Challenges Facing Financial Accounting,” what did the AICPA Special Committee on Financial Reporting suggest should be included in future financial statements? Non-financial Measurements (customer satisfaction indexes, backlog information, and reject rates on goods purchases). Forward-looking Information Soft Assets (a company’s know-how, market dominance, marketing setup, well-trained employees, and brand image). Timeliness (no real time financial information)
Service Cost - Actuaries compute service cost as the present value of the new benefits earned by employees during the year. Future salary levels considered in calculation. Interest on Liability - Interest accrues each year on the PBO just as it does on any discounted debt. Actual Return on Plan Assets - Increase in pension funds from interest, dividends, and realized and unrealized changes in the fair market value of the plan assets. Amortization of Unrecognized Prior Service Cost - The cost of providing retroactive benefits is allocated to pension expense in the future, specifically to the remaining service-years of the affected employees. Gain or Loss - Volatility in pension expense can be caused by sudden and large changes in the market value of plan assets and by changes in the projected benefit obligation. Two items comprise the gain or loss: difference between the actual return and the expected return on plan assets and, amortization of the unrecognized net gain or loss from previous periods