This document discusses various aspects of financial leverage and operating leverage. It begins by defining leverage as the use of fixed costs to magnify returns. It then defines the three types of leverage: operating, financial, and composite. Operating leverage refers to the use of fixed operating costs and its effect on earnings. Financial leverage refers to the use of fixed financial charges and its effect on earnings per share. Composite leverage considers the combined effects of operating and financial leverage. Formulas are provided to calculate the degrees of operating, financial, and composite leverage. Examples are given to illustrate how to apply the formulas and calculate the leverage ratios. The significance of leverage is also discussed.