The document analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's employment in the United States. It finds that the unemployment rate among women increased from 3.6% in 2019 to 8.3% in 2020. Industries like hospitality, retail, and leisure/entertainment that employ many women were hit hardest by pandemic job losses. Through statistical analysis, the author determines that increases in cumulative COVID cases correlated with a decrease in women's employment levels, though other factors were also at play. The pandemic disproportionately affected working mothers and single mothers. It concludes that focused efforts are needed to support women's employment recovery from the "Shecession."
Factors affecting employment during crisis in private businesses in Kurdistan IJAEMSJORNAL
ย
The main aim of this study is to investigate the critical factors that effecting employment during crisis in private businesses in Kurdistan. An empirical quantitative technique utilized to analyze the present research. The researcher applied a random sampling method, where all respondents had equal chances of being selected for the sample. The research was carried out at 18 private businesses in Erbil. The population of this research was approximately 341 employees, accordingly to cover the entire research population; 100 surveys were distributed but 84 forms were collected that were accomplished accurately. The results showed that the highest value was for economic factor this means that economic is strongly related to employment and has strong influence on employment during crisis in private businesses in Kurdistan.
Factors affecting employment during crisis in private businesses in Kurdistan IJAEMSJORNAL
ย
The main aim of this study is to investigate the critical factors that effecting employment during crisis in private businesses in Kurdistan. An empirical quantitative technique utilized to analyze the present research. The researcher applied a random sampling method, where all respondents had equal chances of being selected for the sample. The research was carried out at 18 private businesses in Erbil. The population of this research was approximately 341 employees, accordingly to cover the entire research population; 100 surveys were distributed but 84 forms were collected that were accomplished accurately. The results showed that the highest value was for economic factor this means that economic is strongly related to employment and has strong influence on employment during crisis in private businesses in Kurdistan.
A Theoretical Statistical Measurement Model Analysis on Human Capital Economi...paperpublications3
ย
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the main issues which effect the economic growth and the poverty in Bulgaria in relation with rate of human capital growth.
The assumption that in the modern world poverty isnโt a concept associated with the shortage of income is grounded. At its core the poverty is an expression of lack of opportunities for the person. The interest in it is completely understandable, because poverty is perceived as the most important social problem, in which all significant existential questions and challenges to the social sciences are focused virtually.
Women Leading Growth: An Empirical Analysis on the Effects of Women in Leader...Avril Espinosa-Malpica
ย
UBC Economics 490: Seminar In Applied Economics Research Essay
250 years ago the wealthiest country was at most four times richer than the poorest country. Today the richest country is almost 100 times richer than the poorest. In this seminar, I tried to answer this question: Why have some countries grown so quickly over the long run while others have stagnated? To answer this, I focused on understanding and interpreting the effects of women in leadership positions on GDP through economics.
Study on the economic impact of employment small businesses loans under the f...ijmvsc
ย
Job creation is undeniable importance of creating economic stability issue. Greater attention to the issue
of population can increase employment and general welfare of society in the development and reduction of
poverty and unemployment. Since one of the objectives of the Charity to empower patients, particularly in
economic stability and jobs and alleviate poverty and unemployment, employment and self-sufficiency in
agricultural and livestock projects of service. Given the importance of employment Charity projects,
particularly in agriculture, livestock and has served on the top of their agendas. The study was conducted
in the same relation to loans with the aim of stabilizing the economy and employment Impact on small
businesses covered by the family of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee Gilangharb city. The study of the
nature, quantity and type of research as applied to the data collection method - correlation. The
population consisted of 380 households Self-Sufficiency Project Joint Relief Committee of clients that have
reached the stage of self-reliance and financial independence. The sample size was determined using
Cochran's formula, 75 households were selected using stratified random sampling method. The results
showed that four variables' experience in the design, facilities and equipment required, and the extent of
participation by family members reinvestment " These variables had the greatest effect on the success of
agricultural self-sufficiency plans, clients are Gilangharb Relief city..
The Political, Legal & Technological Environment in Global ScenarioIJESM JOURNAL
ย
The environment that international managers face is changing rapidly. The past is proving to be a poor indicator of what will happen in the future. Changes are not only more common now but also more significant than ever before, and these dramatic forces of change are creating new challenges. Although there are many dimensions in this new environment, most relevant to international management would be the economic environment that was covered in the research and the cultural environment. Also important are the political, legal and regulatory, and technological dimensions of the environment. The objective of this research is to examine how the political, legal and regulatory, and technological environments have changed in recent years. Some major trends in each that will help dictate the world in which international managers will compete also are presented.
This paper develops a forward-looking indicator for macroeconomic uncertainty that employers are confronted with when they take decisions about the size of their workforce. The model that provides the basis for this uncertainty indicator interprets hires and lay-offs of workers as an investment into projects with uncertain return. Employers decide when to undertake this investment. Uncertainty can then be derived as a function of a labour productivity threshold above which it is profitable for employers to hire workers. The measure that is first theoretically derived is then taken to the data. Economy-wide uncertainty for G7 economies and uncertainty by economic sector for the United States are calculated from data on hiring demand and unit labour costs. The resulting quarterly time series demonstrate that in most economies hiring uncertainty went up at the onset of the Great Recession and has remained at an elevated level since then. A panel VAR analysis reveals that hiring uncertainty excercises a significant, economically sizeable and persistent effect on both the output gap and unemployment.
This is the first study to explore the comprehensive effect of the facets of social capital on behavioral intention through behavioral goals and determinants of the TPB under the premises of the RBV. The findings will help emerging economies, for example, Vietnam, where most farmers are family business owners or microscaled entrepreneurs in agriculture.
2020 Economic Review Final: An Annual Review of New Jersey's EconomyNicoleMSandelier
ย
2020 was a year unlike any other weโve experienced during our lifetime. The novel coronavirus pandemic caused havoc on New Jerseyโs public health and economy. The pandemic caused government-mandated, nonessential business closures and stay-at-home orders that were in effect from mid-March to mid-June 2020 in the Garden State with many businesses continuing to operate at restricted capacity through year end.
โข This resulted in record high unemployment rates and record contraction in GDP.
โข Small businesses were devastated and many were forced to shut their doors, either temporarily or permanently.
โข Early data indicates that the pandemic had a disproportional impact on minority workers and workers of color.
โข In total, over 1.9 million people filed unemployment claims and received more than $20 billion in unemployment benefits.
โข Personal income increased despite record high unemployment, due to state unemployment benefits, extended benefits, and federal stimulus monies.
The goal of this research is to provide readers with a detailed review of key statistics on New Jerseyโs economic activity, otherwise known as economic indicators. These indicators help to judge the overall health of an economy. Many sources have yet to report 2020 data, including the U.S. Census Bureau. As such, this is a working document that will be modified to include statistics relating to race, gender and households when updated data becomes available.
A Theoretical Statistical Measurement Model Analysis on Human Capital Economi...paperpublications3
ย
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the main issues which effect the economic growth and the poverty in Bulgaria in relation with rate of human capital growth.
The assumption that in the modern world poverty isnโt a concept associated with the shortage of income is grounded. At its core the poverty is an expression of lack of opportunities for the person. The interest in it is completely understandable, because poverty is perceived as the most important social problem, in which all significant existential questions and challenges to the social sciences are focused virtually.
Women Leading Growth: An Empirical Analysis on the Effects of Women in Leader...Avril Espinosa-Malpica
ย
UBC Economics 490: Seminar In Applied Economics Research Essay
250 years ago the wealthiest country was at most four times richer than the poorest country. Today the richest country is almost 100 times richer than the poorest. In this seminar, I tried to answer this question: Why have some countries grown so quickly over the long run while others have stagnated? To answer this, I focused on understanding and interpreting the effects of women in leadership positions on GDP through economics.
Study on the economic impact of employment small businesses loans under the f...ijmvsc
ย
Job creation is undeniable importance of creating economic stability issue. Greater attention to the issue
of population can increase employment and general welfare of society in the development and reduction of
poverty and unemployment. Since one of the objectives of the Charity to empower patients, particularly in
economic stability and jobs and alleviate poverty and unemployment, employment and self-sufficiency in
agricultural and livestock projects of service. Given the importance of employment Charity projects,
particularly in agriculture, livestock and has served on the top of their agendas. The study was conducted
in the same relation to loans with the aim of stabilizing the economy and employment Impact on small
businesses covered by the family of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee Gilangharb city. The study of the
nature, quantity and type of research as applied to the data collection method - correlation. The
population consisted of 380 households Self-Sufficiency Project Joint Relief Committee of clients that have
reached the stage of self-reliance and financial independence. The sample size was determined using
Cochran's formula, 75 households were selected using stratified random sampling method. The results
showed that four variables' experience in the design, facilities and equipment required, and the extent of
participation by family members reinvestment " These variables had the greatest effect on the success of
agricultural self-sufficiency plans, clients are Gilangharb Relief city..
The Political, Legal & Technological Environment in Global ScenarioIJESM JOURNAL
ย
The environment that international managers face is changing rapidly. The past is proving to be a poor indicator of what will happen in the future. Changes are not only more common now but also more significant than ever before, and these dramatic forces of change are creating new challenges. Although there are many dimensions in this new environment, most relevant to international management would be the economic environment that was covered in the research and the cultural environment. Also important are the political, legal and regulatory, and technological dimensions of the environment. The objective of this research is to examine how the political, legal and regulatory, and technological environments have changed in recent years. Some major trends in each that will help dictate the world in which international managers will compete also are presented.
This paper develops a forward-looking indicator for macroeconomic uncertainty that employers are confronted with when they take decisions about the size of their workforce. The model that provides the basis for this uncertainty indicator interprets hires and lay-offs of workers as an investment into projects with uncertain return. Employers decide when to undertake this investment. Uncertainty can then be derived as a function of a labour productivity threshold above which it is profitable for employers to hire workers. The measure that is first theoretically derived is then taken to the data. Economy-wide uncertainty for G7 economies and uncertainty by economic sector for the United States are calculated from data on hiring demand and unit labour costs. The resulting quarterly time series demonstrate that in most economies hiring uncertainty went up at the onset of the Great Recession and has remained at an elevated level since then. A panel VAR analysis reveals that hiring uncertainty excercises a significant, economically sizeable and persistent effect on both the output gap and unemployment.
This is the first study to explore the comprehensive effect of the facets of social capital on behavioral intention through behavioral goals and determinants of the TPB under the premises of the RBV. The findings will help emerging economies, for example, Vietnam, where most farmers are family business owners or microscaled entrepreneurs in agriculture.
2020 Economic Review Final: An Annual Review of New Jersey's EconomyNicoleMSandelier
ย
2020 was a year unlike any other weโve experienced during our lifetime. The novel coronavirus pandemic caused havoc on New Jerseyโs public health and economy. The pandemic caused government-mandated, nonessential business closures and stay-at-home orders that were in effect from mid-March to mid-June 2020 in the Garden State with many businesses continuing to operate at restricted capacity through year end.
โข This resulted in record high unemployment rates and record contraction in GDP.
โข Small businesses were devastated and many were forced to shut their doors, either temporarily or permanently.
โข Early data indicates that the pandemic had a disproportional impact on minority workers and workers of color.
โข In total, over 1.9 million people filed unemployment claims and received more than $20 billion in unemployment benefits.
โข Personal income increased despite record high unemployment, due to state unemployment benefits, extended benefits, and federal stimulus monies.
The goal of this research is to provide readers with a detailed review of key statistics on New Jerseyโs economic activity, otherwise known as economic indicators. These indicators help to judge the overall health of an economy. Many sources have yet to report 2020 data, including the U.S. Census Bureau. As such, this is a working document that will be modified to include statistics relating to race, gender and households when updated data becomes available.
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 128,000 jobs in October. Job growth has averaged 167,000 per month thus far in 2019, compared with an average monthly gain of 223,000 in 2018. Employment declined in motor vehicles and parts manufacturing due to strike activity. Federal government employment was also down, reflecting a drop in the number of temporary jobs for the 2020 Census.
Week 2 - Discussion Forum 2Guided Responseย Respond to at leasnicolleszkyj
ย
Week 2 - Discussion Forum 2
Guided Response:ย Respond to at least two of your fellow studentsโ and to your instructorโs posts in a substantive manner and provide information or concepts that they may not have considered. Each response should have a minimum of 100 words. Support your position by using information from the weekโs readings. You are encouraged to post your required replies earlier in the week to promote more meaningful and interactive discourse in this discussion forum.
On this Document there two classmates with discussion that needs to be response. Jason Stack and Ashley Thiberville
Jason Stack
Unemployment
ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย The term unemployment is often a word that make a person uneasy, especially in today's COVID-19 effected economy. However, we don't often think about what this percentage incorporates. According to Gwartney et al. (2019), the unemployment rate is the percentage of people of the civilian workforce above the age of 16 that do not have a job, are available for work, and have been actively seeking employment within the past four weeks (pg. 8-2). Additionally, this doesn't include those who are not actively seeking employment such as students, household workers, disabled, retirees, or those that stopped looking for employment. Understanding what is included and excluded in the calculation of the unemployment rate, we can why the unemployment rate is such an important metric for the U.S. economy. ย
ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย The unemployment rate is one of the critical metrics economists used to measure the health of the economy. Gwartney et al. (2019), suggest that employment and output are closely linked, and their relationship point toward the location of where a nation is in its business cycle. The business cycle is a reflection of a nation's economic growths and slowdowns over time, which reflects the real output (Gwartny et al., 2019, pg. 8-1a). Therefore, the relationship between actual output and unemployment can reflect the position in the cycle. For example, figure 1 shows the unemployment rate of the United States for 2019. The unemployment rate is trending downward, indicating a higher percentage of the civilian workforce is employed, the output is increasing, and economic growth is rising. Respectively, if the opposite were to occur over the next few months due to the COVID-19, unemployment would increase, output would reduce, and the economy would be leading into a slowdown period.
Figure 1ย https://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/national-employment-monthly-update.aspxย (Links to an external site.)
With such a heavy reliance on the unemployment rate percentage, there seems to be some question as to its accuracy. Buss (1986) suggests that the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) uses secondary or administrative data sources, such as tax records and employer surveys, a process requiring a great deal of estimation, adjustment, and inference to calculate the unemployment rate (pg. 241). An alternative method of ...
Did you know the U.S. Census Bureau reported that the homeownership rate reached 64.6% at the end of 2018, the highest level since the third quarter of 2014? Increasing millennial demand was one of the biggest trends influencing the housing market. We complied an overview of US economic trends for Q1 2019.
Did you know total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 701,000 in March 2020, measuring the effects of COVID-19 and efforts to contain it? Employment in leisure and hospitality fell by 459,000, mainly in food services and drinking places. Notable declines also occurred in health care and social assistance, professional and business services, retail trade, and construction.
Ten years of job growth were wiped out in one month, when 20.8 million jobs were lost in April 2020. In comparison, a total of 8.7 million jobs were lost during the Great Recession. The economy added back 1.8 million jobs in July 2020, marketing the third consecutive month of jobs gains, yet remained 12.8 million jobs below the pre-pandemic level.
The COVID 19 Pandemic has made the world witness a sharp decline in the employment rates, but what is more concerning is that it has caused a "she cession". A she cession is an economic downturn where job and income losses adversely affect women more than men. As per empirical evidence, the she cession isn't just lingering, but is getting worse. So, a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of the she cession and thereby paves the way for a she covery is crucial. Turning the she cession into she covery is even more challenging in developing countries like India, where women face discrimination on a wide range of grounds. Though, it might take a lot of time to achieve gender parity in the workforce, but with the implementation of certain policies and practices, the world will eventually converge towards a she covery situation. Ahona Halder | Subhangi Dey "She-cession: The Gendered Impact of COVID-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59704.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/59704/shecession-the-gendered-impact-of-covid19/ahona-halder
On 26 November 2020, Ms Libby Lyons, CEO of Workplace Gender Equality Agency released *Australiaโs Gender Equality Scorecard showing employers action on gender equality had stalled. Libby recently spoke to Omesh Jethwani, Government Projects & Programs Manager.
Analysis of Relationshipbetween Socio-Economic Factors and the Level of Pover...AJHSSR Journal
ย
ABSTRACT: This research was conducted at Makasar with the research region was Indonesia which
consisted of 34 provinces by using secondary data from 2017 to 2022. The research aim was to study the
influence of on education, economic growth, wage, unemploymentand the number of MSMEs on poverty
Inequality in Indonesia.
The result of analysis show that the education and number of MSMEs on a significant negative influence on
poverty both the depth and severity of poverty. Whereas wages and unemployment have a positive
influence on the severity of poverty, but economic growth, education and MSMEs do not affect it in Indonesia.It
wasshown that economic growth did not influence significantly on the two kind of poverty significantly.
Keywords: Economic growth, unemployment, poverty, wages, education and micro, small and medium
enterprises
Connections As A Tool For Growth: Evidence From The LinkedIn Economic GraphLinkedIn
ย
New evidence from LinkedInโs current network, presented here, demonstrates the economic value of connections. We calculate an โindex of connectednessโ for each of 275 metro regions in the U.S., based on the average number of connections per LinkedIn member in that region. The higher the index of connectedness, the more dense the connections between LinkedIn members in that region. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculate the four-year and one-year nonfarm payroll job growth for those metro regions.
This report was authored by Dr. Michael Mandel, with research supported by LinkedIn. November 2014.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
ย
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throughย Full Sail University. Below, youโll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
"๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ผ๐ต ๐พ๐ฐ๐ป๐ฏ ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฐ๐บ ๐ฏ๐จ๐ณ๐ญ ๐ซ๐ถ๐ต๐ฌ"
๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ (๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
โญ ๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฃ๐๐๐ญ๐ฌ:
โข 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
โข SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
โขFreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
โขCHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
โข WOW K-Music Festival 2023
โข Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
โข Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
โข HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
โข Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
โข Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
โข Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"๐๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐ฒ ๐๐ฏ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ, ๐ ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฅ ๐ฃ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐๐ฒ. ๐๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ฐ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ ๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ฏ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐๐ ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ญ ๐จ๐ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฌ."
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
ย
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
ย
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujaratโs DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
ย
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isnโt just any project; itโs a potential game changer for Indiaโs chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promisingย residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
ย
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
ย
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
ย
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
ย
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
ย
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
ย
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
ย
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
ย
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.๐คฏ
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience ๐ฅ
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales ๐ฒ
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. ๐
1. American International Journal of Business Management (AIJBM)
ISSN- 2379-106X, www.aijbm.com Volume 4, Issue 04 (April 2021), PP 05-13
*Corresponding Author: Sonal Pandey 1
www.aijbm.com 5 | Page
Covid-19 and Recession or Shecession?
Sonal Pandey, Ph.D.
Middlesex College New Jersey, North America International Education (NAIE)
Abstract:The present research paperhighlights the women employment and the tremendous decline of womenโs
employment rate during recent years due to pandemic attack on our county United states of America. we all know
that women as a warrior fought very well to achieve their potential from past several years, and history tells us
about their victory and struggle to success over gender inequalityin work environment. Working women pick up a
considerable measure of new skill and abilities associated with driving an organization as well as with personal
improvement. my research work is to overview the impact of pandemic on women employment in 2020 by 2 sample
t-test (took 2019 and 2020 monthly women's employment as my sample data). I also tried to quantify the
relationship between two variables that is covid-19 cases from starting of outbreak till December2020 and the
change in employment opportunity during that period through linear regression analysis. Research also
highlighted the struggle of women with different racesand situation of job availability in most women friendly
industries where women are the leading to provide services. I also tried to discuss and strategizethe plan to
enhance the current women employment opportunitiesfor the productive growth from the Recession and She-
cession.
Keywords: Women Employment, Covid-19 , Regression Analysis , Hypothesis testing
I. Introduction
Since 1990, the employment rate of women1
in the United States has stayed steady. In 1990, the female employment
rate was 54.3 percent, and in 2020, the employment (Kashen Julie, October 30, 2020,) (Sargsyan Anahit, 2020)rate
was at 51.5 percent. However, it reached a peak in 2000 at 57.5 percent.
Women in the workforce have historically not been treated the same way as men. There are many inequalities in all
aspects of work, from salaries to promotion, although worldwide, the number of women joining the workforce has
been increasing. Women were originally relegated to being stay-at-home wives and mothers who were supposed to
take care of the household while men worked. For a long time, women were not able to attend university, which
barred them from gaining an education and a professional job. However, as society developed, women have been
granted equal access to university. Despite this, the unemployment rate of women in the United States has fluctuated
significantly since 1990. In 2017, Minnesota was the state with the highest percentage of women participating in
thecivilian labor force. Today, the wage gap is still a problem for women, but has improved from years past. The
wage gap is where women are paid less for doing the same job as men, despite having the same level of education
and experience. One of the industries that saw the most disparity in pay between men and women in the United
States was the finance and insurance industry.
According to Bureau of labor statistics one group in particular hits specifically extremely hard and that is working
moms. In one month alone that is in September 2020 865,000 women left the labor force, that is about four time the
number of men. Because most employment is most concentrated in industries most effected by the virous retail and
hospitality. That number is even worse for single mom a study from the national bureau of economic research
estimates that 15 million single mothers will be negatively impacted by the pandemic. (source National Bureau of
Economic Research)
As womenโs job are more concentrated on retail and hospitality, we can dive in deep to analyze more
closely for the impact. So, Bureau of labor statistics reported unemployment in February 2021, 13.5% in hospitality
industry which is more than double if we compared with last year in fab 2020 as 5.7%. Now the in-retail industry
reported unemployment rate in February 2021 is 6.7% which is also up if we look at 2020 fab that is 4.5%. So,each
industry has higher unemployment rate than has national average 6.3%. Although unemployment rate in 2019 and
2020 was 3.6 % and 8.3% among women.
2. Covid-19 and Recession or She cession ?
*Corresponding Author: Sonal Pandey 1
www.aijbm.com 6 | Page
Table:1 U.S. female workforce: unemployment rate 2019-2020
Unemployment rate of women in the United States from 1990 to 2020
'2019 3.6 in %
'2020 8.3 in %
MY ANALYSYS /FINDING
Table:2
year Employment Level - Women,
Thousands of Persons, Monthly,
Seasonally Adjusted
Cumulative Covid-19 cases
1/1/2020 74762 0
2/1/2020 74865 0.19
3/1/2020 73234 0.15219
4/1/2020 61478 0.751273
5/1/2020 63530 0.1501876
6/1/2020 66444 0.2172212
7/1/2020 67520 0.368546
8/1/2020 69063 0.5431046
9/1/2020 68880 0.6662003
10/1/2020 70131 0.8065615
11/1/2020 70542 0.11413788
12/1/2020 70350 0.17314834
SUMMARY
OUTPUT
Table:3
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.44
R Square 0.19
Adjusted R Square 0.11
Standard Error 3866.34
Observations 12.00
ANOVA
Table:4
df SS MS F
Significance
F
Regression 1.00
36109936.7
0
36109936.
70 2.42 0.15
Residual 10.00
149485535.
55
14948553.
55
Total 11.00
185595472.
25
4. Covid-19 and Recession or She cession ?
*Corresponding Author: Sonal Pandey 1
www.aijbm.com 8 | Page
Figure:1
Figure:2
Figure:3
X coordinates represents -Change in cumulative number of positive cases in United States.
Y coordinate represents-Change in womenโsemployment in United States.
A= -6562.79B=71493.35R^2=.19
R=-0.44
Here is some important piece of information โ R is the correlation co-efficient; it tells us how close to perfect or
positive/negative correlation in this case and it is -.44
R squared is co-efficient of determination and that is 0 .19 and if we need to interpret the meaning of that we say
that 19 % of the variability in the y variable which is our womenโs employment can be accounted by the variability
in the x variable (cumulative number of COVID-19 cases) so concisely we can say 19 % of variability in the
Womenโs employment can be accounted by the variability in cumulative number of cases. The remaining 81% is
coming from unexplained factors that are outside of the scope of problem, natural factors, are outside of the scope of
concern here.
5. Covid-19 and Recession or She cession ?
*Corresponding Author: Sonal Pandey 1
www.aijbm.com 9 | Page
Sometimes these results are come up if some months give drastic dependence of change than gradually coming up
so it is hard to blame only one thing as a cause overall.
Here equation of the regression line is โ Y = -6562.79 X + 71493.35
Y = B+ AX Here, B is 71493.35 which is the value of Y when X is 0. But in this case the Cumulative number of
positive cases can never be practically zero during that period. A is -6562.79 which is the number of changes in Y
for each one unit change in X. So, by this regression equation we can conclude that increase in Cumulative number
of positive cases decrease the womenโs jobacross the nation by6562.79 degree.
2020 employment level- Seems She cession
Here is my analysis to see how bad the situation was during 2020 and onwards.
Tabel:7
Frequency: Monthly
observation date
EmploymentLevel -
Women,
ThousandsofPersons,
Monthly,
SeasonallyAdjusted
Frequency: Monthly
observation date
EmploymentLevel -
Women,
ThousandsofPersons,
Monthly,
SeasonallyAdjusted
1/1/2019 73628 1/1/2020 74762
2/1/2019 73757 2/1/2020 74865
3/1/2019 73689 3/1/2020 73234
4/1/2019 73695 4/1/2020 61478
5/1/2019 73635 5/1/2020 63530
6/1/2019 73726 6/1/2020 66444
7/1/2019 73945 7/1/2020 67520
8/1/2019 74290 8/1/2020 69063
9/1/2019 74526 9/1/2020 68880
10/1/2019 74688 10/1/2020 70131
11/1/2019 74582 11/1/2020 70542
12/1/2019 74740 12/1/2020 70350
Economic Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances and .05 significance level
State: wish to test the following hypothesis at the ฮฑ=.05
level
H0: ยต1=ยต2
H1: ยต1โ ยต2
Where ยต1 is the true mean number of employments in 2019
ยต2 is the true mean number of employments in 2020.
Table:8
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 74075.08 69233.25
Variance 204663.54 16872315.66
Observations 12.00 12.00
Pooled Variance 8538489.60
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0.00
df 22.00
t Stat 4.06
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.00
t Critical one-tail 1.72
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.00
t Critical two-tail 2.07
6. Covid-19 and Recession or She cession ?
*Corresponding Author: Sonal Pandey 1
www.aijbm.com 10 | Page
Conclude: With a P value zero, which is less than any reasonableฮฑ value, I reject H0. There is overwhelming
evidence to support the claim that there is difference in the true mean number of employments in 2019 and
employment in 2020.
Womenโs unemployment rate 2019-2020
Table:9
Industry and class of worker Women
2019 2020
Total, 16 years and over 3.6 8.3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers (2)
3.4 8.7
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas
extraction
2 7.4
Construction 3.8 7.5
Manufacturing 3.5 7.5
Durable goods 3 7
Nonmetallic mineral products 2.2 5.1
Primary metals and fabricated
metal products
3.3 5.9
Machinery manufacturing 3 4.1
Computers and electronic
products
2.2 2.7
Electrical equipment and
appliances
1.1 6.4
Transportation equipment 3.6 10.3
Wood products 2 4.6
Furniture and related products 4.6 6.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing 3 8.7
Nondurable goods 4.1 8.1
Food manufacturing 5.7 8.7
Beverage and tobacco products 2.5 8.1
Textiles, apparel, and leather 4.8 11.3
Paper manufacturing and
printing
2.6 9.1
Petroleum and coal products โ โ
Chemicals 2.1 5
Plastics and rubber products 5 6.7
Wholesale and retail trade 4.5 9.4
Wholesale trade 3.3 5.8
Retail trade 4.7 9.9
Transportation and utilities 3.9 11.3
7. Covid-19 and Recession or She cession ?
*Corresponding Author: Sonal Pandey 1
www.aijbm.com 11 | Page
Transportation and warehousing 4.2 12.6
Utilities 2.1 2.4
Information)
3.5 8.5
Publishing, except Internet 4.3 8.4
Motion pictures and sound
recording industries
5.1 20.8
Broadcasting (except internet) 2.6 2.1
Telecommunications 3.1 5.2
Libraries, archives, and other
information services
โ 11
Financial activities 2 4
Finance and insurance 1.9 3
Finance 1.9 2.7
Insurance 1.9 3.6
Real estate and rental and leasing 2.3 7
Real estate 2.4 6.7
Rental and leasing services 1.6 10.8
Professional and business services 3.8 7.5
Professional and technical services 2.7 5.2
Management, administrative, and
waste services(
6.1 12.3
Administrative and support
services
6.3 12.6
Waste management and
remediation services
1.4 8
Education and health services 2.5 5.9
Educational services 3.4 8
Health care and social assistance 2.3 5.5
Hospitals 1.3 2.5
Health services, except hospitals 2.4 5.7
Social assistance 3.9 11.2
Leisure and hospitality 5.2 19.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 5.2 23.6
Accommodation and food services 5.1 18.3
Accommodation 4.9 24.7
8. Covid-19 and Recession or She cession ?
*Corresponding Author: Sonal Pandey 1
www.aijbm.com 12 | Page
So after looking the unemployment data above given by US bureau of labor statistics everyone can see that how true
is the name of this research paper. There are more than 65 industries listed in this table and not a single industry is
there who is not showing the increased women unemployment rate. Compared to 2019 and 2020 data
Unemployment different race
From the table below about the unemployment rate in 2020, we can see that most effected among all women are
Hispanic women than black and Asian. I found the reason behind that is mostly retail, hospitality industry served by
Hispanic and black ethnic women or man.
Table:10
Unemployment rate by sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, 2020 annual averages
Race and Hispanic ethnicity Women Men
Total 8.3 7.8
White 7.6 7
Black 10.9 12.1
Asian 9.6 7.8
Hispanic 11.4 9.7
Notes: Refers to people 16 years of age and older. Data for the individual race groups do not include people of
two or more races. Hispanics can be of any race.
Source: 2020 annual averages, Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Suggestions to Improve Womenโs conditions after Pandemic-
๏ท Now it is time to pay back to all women for their effort to achieve a place in each and every industry as an
active participant, so government should make proper arrangement to help them after covid โ19 unemployment
impact.
๏ท Inequality should be watched in each sector.
๏ท Proper management for working moms with flexible working hours.
๏ท Aid and grants should be provided more for women centered industries like โ service, hospitality, retail,
education etc.
๏ท To stop gender discrimination and help both men and women combine jobs with family care
responsibilities.
๏ท No more wage discrimination
Food services and drinking
places
5.2 17.3
Other services 3.4 11.5
Other services, except private
households
3.1 11.1
Repair and maintenance 3.9 8.5
Personal and laundry services 3.2 16.9
Membership associations and
organizations
2.8 4.9
Private households 4.7 13.2
Agricultural and related private wage
and salary workers(2)
10.5 11.5
Government workers 2.4 5.5
9. Covid-19 and Recession or She cession ?
*Corresponding Author: Sonal Pandey 1
www.aijbm.com 13 | Page
References
[1]. Kashen Julie, G. S. ( October 30, 2020,). How COVID-19 Sent Womenโs Workforce Progress Backward.
center for American Progress.
[2]. Oscar, C. (2019, February). Forecasting the unemployment rate using the degree of agreement in consumer
unemployment expectations. Journal for Labour Market Research.
[3]. Oscar, C. (2021, February). A new metric of consensus for Likert-type scale questionnaires: An application
to consumer expectations. Journal of Banking and Financial Technology.
[4]. Sargsyan Anahit, M. K. (2020, 22 Sep). The impact of COVID-19 on gender inequality in the labor market
and gender-role attitudes. Taylor and Francis online .
[5]. (March 2021). unemployment-rate-of-women-in-us/. Bls.gov.
[6]. women Unemployment Rate. (2021, march). Bureau of Labor Statistics.
[7]. YoungWeiwei, A. E. (2020, july). Investigating the impact of auto loans on unemployment: the US
experience. Applied Economics.
